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'''6-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran''' (also known as '''6-APB''' and '''"Benzofury"''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::benzofuran]] class. It is structurally related to entactogens like [[MDA]], [[MDMA]], [[5-APB]], and [[5-MAPB]].
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6-APB was first synthesized in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Monte, A. P.)), ((Marona-Lewicka, D.)), ((Cozzi, N. V.)), ((Nichols, D. E.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and pharmacological examination of benzofuran, indan, and tetralin analogs of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine | volume=36 | issue=23 | pages=3700–3706 | date= November 1993 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00075a027 | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm00075a027}}</ref>
| ''[[6-APB/Summary|Summary sheet: 6-APB]]''
However, recreational human use was not documented until over a decade later, where it briefly entered the rave scene and global [[research chemical]] market. It was sold along with other novel benzofuran entactogens under the name "Benzofury" before its sale and import were subsequently banned.{{citation needed}}
|}
 
'''6-APB''' '''(6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran''' or '''benzofury''') is a [[stimulant]] and [[Psychoactive class::entactogen]]ic [[research chemical]] of the [[Chemical class::phenethylamine]], [[Chemical class::Substituted amphetamines|amphetamine]] and [[Chemical class::benzofuran|benzofuran]] class. It is a close synthetic analogue of [[MDA]] and broadly shares the characteristic of serotonergic triple monoamine inhibitors and other [[entactogen]]ic or [[empathogen]]ic compounds.  
[[Subjective effects]] include [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[muscle relaxation]], and [[euphoria]]. 6-APB's effects are commonly compared to those of [[MDA]] and other entactogens.
 
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 6-APB, and it has only a brief history of human usage. It has been marketed alongside [[research chemical]] [[entactogens]] like [[5-MAPB]] and [[5-APB]] as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[MDMA]], and is typically commercially distributed by online [[research chemical]] vendors. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
 
==History and culture==
{{historyStub}}
The synthesis of 6-APB was first reported by a team led by the medicinal chemist and psychedelic researcher [[David E. Nichols]] at Purdue University. They were examining the role of the MDA dioxle ring structure in  interacting with serotonergic neurons. It was also partly an effort to find an alternative to [[MDMA]], which was gaining recognition as a potentially useful adjunct in psychotherapy, but was also being linked to neurotoxic effects.<ref name="Nichols" />
 
Human usage was not documented until 2010, when it emerged for sale on the [[research chemical]] market. It was particularly prominent in the UK "legal highs" market, where it was sold under the name "Benzofury".{{citation needed}}


6-APB was first synthesized and studied in 1993 by [[David E. Nichols]] as a potential non-neurotoxic alternative to [[MDMA]]. It did not come into popular recreational use until over a decade later, where briefly entered the rave and underground clubbing scene in the UK before its sale and import were subsequently banned. Because 6-APB and other substituted benzofurans have not been explicitly outlawed in some countries, they are often technically legal, contributing to their popularity as a substitute or replacement for [[MDMA]] or [[MDA]].
On June 10, 2013 6-APB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation.<ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref> On November 28, 2013 the ACMD recommended that 6-APB and related benzofurans should become Class B, Schedule 1 substances. On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref name="UK1971Act">{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/made}}</ref>


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:SubstitutedPhenethylamine.png|thumb|right|280px|thumb|right|250px||General formula of phenethylamine molecule]]
6-APB, also known as 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is a synthetic molecule of the [[benzofuran]] class. The benzofuran class of substances are members of the amphetamine and phenylethylamine classes. Molecules of this class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R<sub>α</sub>. 6-APB does not contain a methyl substitution on R<sub>N</sub>. It is composed of an an oxygen-substituted [[benzofuran]] ring fused at R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring.
6-APB, also known as (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is a synthetic molecule of the [[benzofuran]] family. Molecules of this class contain a [[phenethylamine]] core featuring a benzofuran ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R<sub>α</sub>. 6-APB does not contain a methyl substitution on R<sub>N</sub>, which it shares with [[MDA]]. It also contains an oxygen-substituted [[benzofuran]] ring fused at R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> of the phenyl ring. 6-APB shares this furan ring with [[5-APB]], [[5-MAPB]] and [[6-MAPB]].
 
Notably, 6-APB shares this benzofuran ring with related compounds such as [[5-APB]], [[5-MAPB]], and [[6-MAPB]].
 
Three distinct batches have been in circulation since its initial release to markets. Originally, only hydrochloride was available, and its dosage range shared characteristics most similar to that of [[MDA]] in terms of dose-response. However, succinate and fumarate batches both entered the market, and have very different effects by weight, and vastly different loose bulk densities.{{citation needed}}


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
6-APB acts as a [[releasing agent]] and triple [[reuptake inhibitor]] of the [[neurotransmitters]] known as [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]] and [[noradrenaline]]<ref>Effects of 6-APB on the release of monoamines from rat brain slices https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582025/</ref> which are the global [[neurotransmitters]] that modulate the brain's ability to feel pleasure, motivation, reward, planning, attention and focus. This is done by inhibiting the reuptake and reabsorption of the neurotransmitters after they have performed their function of transmitting a neural impulse, essentially allowing them to accumulate and render them liable for immediate reuse, the result is excitation in a manner which causes a combination of physically stimulating, relaxing, disinhibiting and euphoric effects.<ref>New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Amphetamines | http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140</ref>
6-APB is a [[serotonin]]–[[norepinephrine]]–[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (SNDRI) with Ki values of 117, 150, and 2698 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), dopamine transporter (DAT), and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively.<ref name="6APBpharm1">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Iversen, L.)), ((Gibbons, S.)), ((Treble, R.)), ((Setola, V.)), ((Huang, X.-P.)), ((Roth, B. L.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances | volume=700 | issue=1–3 | pages=147–151 | date= January 2013 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014299912010114 | issn=00142999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.006}}</ref> 6-APB also possesses additional activity as a [[releasing agent]] of these [[monoamine neurotransmitters]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rickli, A.)), ((Kopf, S.)), ((Hoener, M. C.)), ((Liechti, M. E.)) | journal=British Journal of Pharmacology | title=Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans: Novel psychoactive benzofurans | volume=172 | issue=13 | pages=3412–3425 | date= July 2015 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13128 | issn=00071188 | doi=10.1111/bph.13128}}</ref>
 
6-APB is a potent [[Agonists#Types of agonist|full agonist]] of the serotonin 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor (Ki = 3.7 nM)<ref name="6APBpharm1" />, with higher affinity for this target than any other site.<ref name="5HT2C">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Canal, C. E.)), ((Murnane, K. S.)) | journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology | title=The serotonin 5-HT 2C receptor and the non-addictive nature of classic hallucinogens | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=127–143 | date= January 2017 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881116677104 | issn=0269-8811 | doi=10.1177/0269881116677104}}</ref> Moreover, unlike MDMA, 6-APB shows 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor over the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors.<ref name="5HT2C" /><ref>{{Citation | title=Analytics for US Patent No. 7045545, Aminoalkylbenzofurans as serotonin (5-HT(2c)) agonists | url=http://www.patentbuddy.com/Patent/7045545}}</ref>
 
Aside from the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor, 6-APB has also been found to bind with high affinity to the α<sub>2C</sub>-adrenergic receptor subtype (Ki = 45 nM), although the clinical significance of this action is unknown.<ref name="6APBpharm1" />
 
The potent agonism of the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor makes it likely that 6-APB would be cardiotoxic with chronic or long-term use, as seen with other 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor agonists such as the withdrawn serotonergic anorectic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine fenfluramine].<ref name="6APBpharm1" /><ref>Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, Jeremy Browne (4 June 2013). "Temporary class drug order on benzofury and NBOMe compounds - letter from ACMD". GOV.UK.</ref>
 
The [[monoamine neurotransmitters]] known as [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]] and [[noradrenaline]] are the global [[neurotransmitters]] that modulate the brain's ability to feel pleasure, motivation, reward, planning, attention, and focus. When their reuptake is inhibited or their release is promoted, these neurotransmitters accumulate in the [[synaptic cleft]] (gaps between neurons) to non-ordinary levels, which makes them able to be reused. The result is neuronal activation at a multitude of brain regions which has the net result of producing a combination of stimulating, relaxing, disinhibiting and euphoric effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fleckenstein, A. E.)), ((Volz, T. J.)), ((Riddle, E. L.)), ((Gibb, J. W.)), ((Hanson, G. R.)) | journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology | title=New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Amphetamines | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=681–698 | date=1 February 2007 | url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140 | issn=0362-1642 | doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105140}}</ref>


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of 6-APB can be described as a moderate to extreme euphoric tingling sensation that radiates throughout the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelmingly pleasurable at higher doses, immobilizing the user. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
 
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, 6-APB is commonly considered to have the paradoxical ability to both be stimulating as well as sedating and relaxing. Overall, it is thought to be far less energetic than MDMA and tends to exert a more a noticeably sedating stoning or couch-locking effect. Unlike MDMA, this does not particularly encourage activities such as running, climbing and dancing in a way that makes MDMA a popular choice for musical events such as festivals and raves. The particular style of stimulation which 6-APB presents is far less forceful, and very subtle and serene, in a way that is reminescent of mescaline.
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At high doses, a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus. This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
 
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Feelings of dry mouth and dehydration are a universal experience with this class of compounds; this effect is a product of an [[increased heart rate]] and metabolism. While it is important to avoid becoming dehydrated (especially when out dancing in a hot environment) there have been a number of users suffering from [[water intoxication]] through over-drinking, so it is advised that users simply sip at water and avoid over-drinking.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' & '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, 6-APB is commonly considered to have the paradoxical ability to both be stimulating as well as sedating and relaxing. Overall, it is thought to be far less energetic than [[MDMA]] or [[MDA]] and tends to exert more of a pronounced "stoning" or "couch-locking" effect. The particular style of stimulation which 6-APB presents is far less forceful in a way that can be compared to psychedelics like [[mescaline]].  
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Like with other triple releasers, higher doses of 6-APB result in an overall difficulty when it comes to urination. This is an effect that is completely temporary and harmless. It is due to 6-APB’s promotion of the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH); ADH is responsible for regulating urination. This effect can be lessened by simply relaxing, but can be significantly relieved by placing a hot flannel over the genitals to warm them up and encourage blood flow.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The "body high" of 6-APB can be described as a moderate to powerful warm, euphoric tingling sensation that radiates throughout the entire body. It is capable of becoming overwhelmingly pleasurable at higher doses to the point of immobilizing the user. This sensation maintains a consistent presence that steadily rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Brain zaps]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]''' - As 6-APB is a serotonin releasing agent, rise in core body temperature tends to be high and consistent throughout the experience. Caution must be taken as too high of a dose results in the dysregulating the brain's ability to regulate internal core temperature, which can result in [[serotonin syndrome]] -- a condition which can be fatal if left untreated.
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]''' - As 6-APB is a serotonin releasing agent, a rise in core body and brain temperature tends to be high and consistent throughout the experience. Caution must be taken as too high of a dose can result in the dysregulation of the brain's ability to regulate its internal core temperature. 6-APB is commonly reported to having a similar hyperthermia to [[MDA]] and [[MDMA]], but slightly warmer than either. Serotonin syndrome, a potentially fatal condition, presents this effect to dangerous levels.
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - At common to high doses, a person's eyeballs may begin to spontaneously wiggle back and forth in a rapid motion, causing the vision to become blurry and temporarily out of focus. This is a condition known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus nystagmus].
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of decreased weight]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Feelings of dry mouth and dehydration are a universal experience with this class of compounds; this effect is a product of an [[increased heart rate]] and bodily metabolism. While it is important to avoid becoming dehydrated (especially when out dancing in a hot environment) there have been some notable cases of users suffering from [[water intoxication]] through over-drinking (to compensate). It is therefore advised that users be mindful of their water intake and avoid over-drinking.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - Higher doses of 6-APB can result in an overall difficulty when it comes to urination. This is an effect that is completely temporary and harmless. It is due to 6-APB’s promotion of the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH); ADH is responsible for regulating urination. This effect can be lessened by simply relaxing, but can be significantly relieved by placing a hot flannel over the genitals to warm them up and encourage blood flow to the region.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Excessive yawning]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Things and objects, including one's skin becomes unusually soft to the touch and sensual.
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This is usually only present in the higher dose range and not much different than the gurn one would experience from [[MDMA]] or [[MDA]].
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This is usually only present at moderate to higher doses and is similar to what one might experience from [[MDMA]] or [[MDA]].
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This is a rare effect but are thought to be able to occur in those who are predisposed to them, especially when taking overly strong doses or redosing while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, fatigued, undernourished, or overheated.{{citation needed}}


===Cognitive effects===
}}
The cognitive effects of 6-APB can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of 6-APB is described by many as one of moderate mental stimulation, feelings of love, openness or empathy, and powerful euphoria. It displays a large number of typical [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]], [[Entactogens|entactogenic]] and [[Stimulants|stimulant]] cognitive effects.
{{effects/visual|


The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
The visual effects of 6-APB have an occurrence rating that is more selective and less consistent than any of the traditional [[psychedelics]]. The effects can never be guaranteed to manifest themselves, but are the most likely to occur with high doses, towards the end of the experience and particularly if the user has been smoking [[cannabis]]. They are also more likely to occur if the user has prior experience with [[psychedelics]], but also remain entirely possible for those who have never tried them as well.
 
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within 6-APB and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is generally more consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic with 6-APB than any other known substance. It is the most obvious and noticeable effect within any 6-APB experience and dominates the head space. With time, repeated use, and improper spacing, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully grounded and imprinted, making it so people feel merely speedy and tweaky with no new found urges to communicate with others.
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are common within 6-APB and alter the experience of time quite noticeably.
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' - Experiences of unity, oneness and interconnectedness between level 2 - 3 are common within 6-APB. This component most consistently manifests itself at high doses within large crowds at raves and musical  events in the form of "becoming one with the crowd."
*'''[[Anxiety suppression|Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Due to its euphoria inducing effects, there is the potential for 6-APB to encourage compulsive redosing, much like with MDMA or MDA. Yet due to the length of the experience, one finds this unnecessary, especially considering how much harder-hitting on the serotonin system that 6-APB is.
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' - Although this effect is present, it is not quite as pronounced or as consistent when compared to other [[hallucinogen]]s such as [[mescaline]], [[LSD]] or [[MXE]]. Due to the relative calmness and lack of chaotic energy that 6-APB possesses relative to MDMA, however, this combined with its extended duration may make it a better therapeutic agent and can be thought of as lying more in the spectrum of [[mescaline]] than [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - This component is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
 
===Visual effects===
Similar to MDMA, the visual effects of 6-APB have an occurrence rating that is more selective and less consistent than any of the traditional [[psychedelic]]s. This is to the point where many people disregard [[psychedelic]] experiences within 6-APB as a "myth" or "rumour", but this is simply because they have not experienced it for themselves. The effects can never be guaranteed to manifest themselves, but are more likely to occur with chemically pure, high dose 6-APB experiences, towards the end of the experience and if the user has been smoking [[cannabis]]. They are also more likely to occur if the user has prior experience with [[psychedelic]]s, but also remain entirely possible within those who have never tried one for themselves.


====Enhancements====
====Enhancements====
6-APB presents an array of visual enhancements which are mild in comparison to traditional psychedelics, but still distinctively present. These generally include:
6-APB presents an array of visual enhancements which are mild in comparison to traditional psychedelics, but still distinctively present. These generally include:
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Color enhancement]]''' - The enhancement can be described as bright and synthetic in appearance, and consistent throughout the experience.
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''


====Distortions====
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]''' - Tracers are most similar to those found with [[MDA]], with longer sections of continuity before a slight discontinuity.
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''


====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[psilocin]] than [[LSD]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as primarily intricate in complexity, abstract in form, organic in style, structured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, mostly monotone in colour with blues and greys, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, small in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in round and angular corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher doses, they are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8A Geometry|level 8A]] visual geometry over [[8B Geometry|level 8B]].  
The visual geometry of 6-APB experience can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[mescaline]] than [[LSD]] or [[psilocin]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as primarily intricate in complexity, abstract in form, organic in style, structured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, mostly monotone in color with blues and greys, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, small in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in round and angular corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. At higher doses, they are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8A Geometry|level 8A]] visual geometry over [[8B Geometry|level 8B]].  


====Hallucinatory states====
====Hallucinatory states====
6-APB is capable of producing a unique range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects are far more common during the [[Duration#Offset|offset]] of the experience and commonly include:
At high to heavy doses, 6-APB is capable of producing a unique range of low and high-level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelics]]. These effects are far more common during the [[Duration#Offset|offset]] of the experience and commonly include:


*'''[[Effect::External hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - This effect is very similar to the same experience found within [[deliriant]]s, but does not manifest itself consistently and usually happens only at high doses. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_External_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. They usually follow themes of memory replays and semi-realistic or expected events. For example, people could be casually holding objects or performing actions which one would expect them to be in real life before disappearing and dissolving under further inspection. Common examples of this include seeing people wearing glasses or hats when they are not and mistaking faces of your friends for random people, and objects as human beings or animals.  
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' - The internal hallucinations which 6-APB induces are generally only present as spontaneous breakthroughs at extremely high doses. This effect's [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] are delirious in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in appearance. The most common way in which they manifest themselves are through [[hypnagogic]] scenarios which the user may experience as they are drifting off to sleep after a night of use; these can usually be described as memory replay from the previous several hours. These are short and fleeting, but frequent and completely believable and convincing as they happen. In terms of the theme, they often take the form of conversations with the people who were with you or instead manifest themselves as bizarre and extremely nonsensical plots.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - This effect is very similar to the same experience found within [[deliriant]]s, but does not manifest itself consistently and usually happens only at high doses. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_External_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. They usually follow themes of memory replays and semi-realistic or expected events. For example, people could be casually holding objects or performing actions which one would expect them to be in real life before disappearing and dissolving under further inspection. Common examples of this include seeing people wearing glasses or hats when they are not and mistaking faces of your friends for random people, and objects as human beings or animals.  
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' - The internal hallucinations which 6-APB induce are mostly only present as spontaneous breakthroughs at extremely high doses. This effect's [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] are delirious in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in appearance. The most common way in which they manifest themselves are through [[hypnagogic]] scenarios which the user may experience as they are drifting off to sleep after a night of use; these can usually be described as memory replay from the previous several hours. These are short and fleeting, but frequent and completely believable and convincing as they happen. In terms of the theme, they often take the form of conversations with the people who were with you or instead manifest themselves as bizarre and extremely nonsensical plots.
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]


===Auditory effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
 
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
The cognitive effects of 6-APB can be broken down into several effects which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of 6-APB is described by many as one of moderate mental stimulation, feelings of love, openness or empathy, and a powerful sense of contentedness and euphoria. It displays a large number of typical [[psychedelic]], [[entactogenic]] and [[stimulant]] cognitive effects.
 
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
 
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Strong emotional euphoria and feelings of happiness are present within 6-APB and are likely a direct result of serotonin and dopamine release.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This particular effect is more consistent, pronounced, powerful and therapeutic with 6-APB than any other known substance. It is the most obvious and noticeable effect within any 6-APB experience and dominates the head space. With time, repeated use, and improper spacing, however, this effect becomes severely diminished as the perspective it instills becomes fully imprinted, making it, so users feel merely speedy and scattered with no new found urges to communicate or bond with others.
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - This effect is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]''' - This effect is thought to be mild in comparison with other substances such as [[alcohol]], and classical [[benzodiazepines]], lending to a more "spaced-out" feeling, best described as episodic memory.
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal meaning enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased sense of humor]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Laughter fits]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Due to its potential euphoria-inducing effects, there is the potential for 6-APB to encourage compulsive redosing, much like with MDMA or MDA. Due to the length of the experience, many find this need to be less pressing. Due to its unknown toxicity profile and reports of a severely amplified [[offset]] ("come down") and after effects, it is highly discouraged to redose this substance. It is thought to share some commonalities with [[DOM]] and other related compounds in this sense.
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - Strong feelings of time compression are common within 6-APB and alter the experience of time quite noticeably, although not to the same extent as typically reported with MDMA.
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' - This effect is present, but to a noticeably lesser degree than [[MDMA]]. Users often report being heavily sedated or "floored" compared to typical stimulants. 
 
}}
{{effects/auditory|
 
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucination]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion]]'''
 
}}
{{effects/transpersonal|
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' - Although this effect is present, it is not quite as pronounced or as consistent when compared to other [[hallucinogen]]s such as [[mescaline]], [[LSD]] or [[MXE]]. Due to the relative calmness and lack of chaotic energy that 6-APB possesses relative to MDMA, however, this combined with its extended duration may make it a better therapeutic agent and can be thought of as lying closer to the spectrum of [[mescaline]] than [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]''' - While rare, experiences of unity, oneness and interconnectedness may occur on 6-APB. This effect most reliably manifests itself at high doses within large crowds at raves and musical events in the form of "becoming one with the crowd."
 
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|


===After effects===
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Brain zaps]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Some users note extremely strange and sometimes rather scary dreams for several nights after taking large doses of 6-APB.
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Sleep paralysis]]''' - Some users report a higher incidence of experiencing sleep paralysis after consuming 6-APB.
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought disorganization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Suicidal ideation]]'''  
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask: [[Category:6-APB]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_6APB.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 6-APB]
==Reagent results==
Exposing compounds to the reagents gives a colour change which is indicative of the compound under test.
{| class="wikitable"
!Compound
!Marquis
!Mecke
!Mandelin
!Liebermann
!Froehde
!Gallic
!Ehrlich
!Hofmann
!Simon’s
!Folin
|-
|6-APB
|Purple
|Purple - black
|Purple - black
|Black
|Purple
|Brown
|Orange
|Light orange
|No reaction
|Light orange
|-
|6-APB succinate
|Purple
|Purple - black
|Purple - black
|Black
|Purple
|Brown
|Faint orange
|No reaction
|No reaction
|Light orange
|}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
Due to only having a short history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not exactly known. Due to its similarity to MDMA, it is likely that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB may be both neurotoxic and cardiotoxic<ref name="Elangbam2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Elangbam, C. S.)) | journal=Toxicologic Pathology | title=Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | volume=38 | issue=6 | pages=837–848 | date= October 2010 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0192623310378027 | issn=0192-6233 | doi=10.1177/0192623310378027}}</ref><ref name="Droogmans2007">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Droogmans, S.)), ((Cosyns, B.)), ((D’haenen, H.)), ((Creeten, E.)), ((Weytjens, C.)), ((Franken, P. R.)), ((Scott, B.)), ((Schoors, D.)), ((Kemdem, A.)), ((Close, L.)), ((Vandenbossche, J.-L.)), ((Bechet, S.)), ((Van Camp, G.)) | journal=The American Journal of Cardiology | title=Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease | volume=100 | issue=9 | pages=1442–1445 | date=1 November 2007 | issn=0002-9149 | doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.06.045}}</ref> in some form.


Due to only having a short-history of human use, the toxicity and harm potential is not known, though it would be reasonable to assume it is similar to that of [[MDA]] due to its molecular resemblance, though there are reasons to believe it is less neurotoxic than [[MDA]]. As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly to the point the drug loses any positive effect and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious stimulation and dysphoria.
The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.


===Short-term health concerns===
Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include [[dehydration]], [[insomnia]], and hyperthermia (overheating).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nimmo, S. M.)), ((Kennedy, B. W.)), ((Tullett, W. M.)), ((Blyth, A. S.)), ((Dougall, J. R.)) | journal=Anaesthesia | title=Drug-induced hyperthermia | volume=48 | issue=10 | pages=892–895 | date= October 1993 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x | issn=0003-2409 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x}}</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive sweating puts the body at further risk as the stimulating and euphoric properties of the substance may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further.
Short-term physical health risks of 6-APB consumption include dehydration, insomnia, hyperthermia,<ref>Drug-induced hyperthermia | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07423.x/abstract;jsessionid=FC30A9B157A2BAFC81048D8595714565.f02t03</ref><ref>Though it has not been formally studied, it is reasonable to assume that like with MDMA small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634574</ref> and hyponatremia.<ref>Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | http://jop.sagepub.com/content/20/3/400</ref> Continuous activity without sufficient rest or rehydration may cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels, and loss of fluid via excessive perspiration puts the body at further risk as the stimulatory and euphoric qualities of the drug may render the user oblivious to their energy expenditure for quite some time. Diuretics such as alcohol may exacerbate these risks further, though this is known to be more of a problem for MDMA than it is 6-APB.


The [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]], but considered to be far greater than its active dose.
Although it has not been formally studied, small changes in ambient temperature may cause large changes in 6-APB-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity as is the case with [[MDMA]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Malberg, J. E.)), ((Seiden, L. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience | title=Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat | volume=18 | issue=13 | pages=5086–5094 | date=1 July 1998 | issn=0270-6474}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Wolff, K.)), ((Tsapakis, E. M.)), ((Winstock, A. R.)), ((Hartley, D.)), ((Holt, D.)), ((Forsling, M. L.)), ((Aitchison, K. J.)) | journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology | title=Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=400–410 | date= May 2006 | url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881106061514 | issn=0269-8811 | doi=10.1177/0269881106061514}}</ref>


===Long-term health concerns===
The neurotoxicity of 6-APB is subject to ongoing debate. It was specifically designed to be less neurotoxic than MDA or MDMA by circumventing the production of certain metabolic byproducts thought to underlie their toxicity (specifically alpha-methyl-dopamine).{{Citation needed}} Although it is likely to be physically safe to try in a responsible context, it is completely possible that the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB could result in neurotoxicity in some form, presenting as deficits in cognitive, affective and psychomotor function.
The neurotoxicity of 6-APB is highly debatable. While specifically designed to be less neurotoxic than MDA or MDMA through the avoidance of producing certain metabolic byproducts thought to underlie its toxicity, scientific study has resulted in the general agreement that, although it is physically safe to try in a responsible context, the administration of repeated or high dosages of 6-APB is most certainly neurotoxic in some form or otherwise results in cognitive, affective and psychomotor degradation.


As with MDMA, long-term heavy use of 6-APB is likely cardiotoxic and thought to lead to valvulopathy through its actions on the 5-HT2B receptor.<ref> Drug-induced Valvulopathy: An Update | tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/6/837.full</ref> In one study, 28% of long-term users (2-3 doses per week for a mean of 6 years, mean of age 24.3 years) had developed clinically evident valvular heart disease.<ref>Possible association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950805</ref>
As with MDMA, the long-term, heavy usage of 6-APB (i.e. regular daily or weekly usage) is likely cardiotoxic and may lead to valvulopathy (heart valve issues) via its significant affinity for the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor.<ref name="Elangbam2010" /><ref name="Droogmans2007" />
 
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of 6-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other [[stimulants]], the chronic use of 6-APB can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.


Tolerance to many of the effects of 6-APB develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::21-30 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::2-3 months]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
As a potent releaser of serotonin, tolerance builds quickly [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]] to the point that the substance eventually loses any positive effects and instead leaves the user in an uncomfortable state of anxious, dysphoric stimulation. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3-4 weeks]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::6-8 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 6-APB presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 6-APB all [[stimulants]] will have a reduced effect.


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=6-APB}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=6-APB}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Stimulants]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of 6-APBmay be increased when combined with other stimulants.
 
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Cocaine]]''' - This combination may cause unbearable combined strain on the heart, resulting in heart attack or stroke.
===[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk===
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}   
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}   
There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when 6-APB is taken with many antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Additionally, if 6-APB is taken with SSRIs and SNRIs, the 6-APB will be significantly less powerful or may have no distinguishable effects at all.


==Legal issues==
There is an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when 6-APB is taken with many antidepressants, particularly monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).{{citation needed}} Additionally, if 6-APB is taken with SSRIs and SNRIs, it is likely to be significantly less effective if it produces any discernible effects at all.


*'''Canada:''' 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.
==Legal status==
*'''UK:''' On June 10, 2013 6-APB and a number of analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the UK following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs<ref>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1106/contents/made</ref>
 
*'''USA:''' 6-APB is unscheduled in the United States, but not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption.
*'''Australia and New Zealand''': Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions.{{citation needed}}
*'''Italy:''' 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Canada''': 6-APB is Schedule III in Canada as it is an analogue of MDA. The CDSA was updated as a result of the Safe Streets Act changing amphetamines from Schedule 3 to Schedule 1.{{citation needed}}
*'''Sweden:''' 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009
*'''Czech Republic''': 6-APB is a Schedule I <ref>https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf</ref> (List 4) substance. It may be used for research and restricted therapeutic purposes. (§ 1, d), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref>
*'''New Zealand and Australia:''' Certain countries contain a "substantially similar" catch-all clause in their drug law, such as New Zealand and Australia. This includes 6-APB as it is similar in chemical structure to the class A drug MDA, meaning 6-APB may be viewed as a controlled substance analogue in these jurisdictions
*'''France''': 6-APB is classified as a narcotic since May 9, 2018, alongside other substances derived from benzofuran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043529751|title=Article Annexe IV - Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants|publisher=Légifrance|access-date=September 23, 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
*'''Germany:''' 6-APB is illegal in Germnany
*'''Germany''': 6-APB is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl113s2274.pdf%27%5D|title=Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 18, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Italy''': 6-APB is illegal in Italy.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Japan''': 6-APB is a controlled substance in Japan effective December 17th, 2012.<ref>[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/scheduled-drug/new.html "平成２４年１２月１７日付けで以下の８物質が指定薬物に指定されました。"] (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</ref>
*'''Luxembourg:''' 6-APB is not cited in the list of prohibited substances<ref>Loi du 19 février 1973 concernant la vente de substances médicamenteuses et la lutte contre la toxicomanie. | http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1973/02/19/n1/jo</ref>. Therefore, it is still a legal substance.
*'''The Netherlands:''' 6-APB is currently legal, but it is part of a substance group that may be banned soon as part of a recently passed law on New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). <ref>{{Citation|title= Wijziging van de Opiumwet in verband met het toevoegen van een derde lijst met als doel het tegengaan van de productie van en de handel in nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen en enkele andere wijzigingen (Dutch) | year=2024|url=https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/wetsvoorstellen/detail?id=2022Z14042&dossier=36159}}</ref>  
*'''Sweden''': 6-APB is prohibited in Sweden as a "health hazard" as of 2009.{{citation needed}}
*'''Switzerland''': 6-APB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 6-APB is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref name="Bakanlar Kurulu Kararı - Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742">{{Citation | title=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü | url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3.htm}}</ref> <ref name="List of illegal substances for law"> https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': On June 10, 2013, 6-APB and some analogues were classified as Temporary Class Drugs in the U.K. following an ACMD recommendation. On March 5, 2014, the U.K. Home Office announced that 6-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.<ref name="UK1971Act" />
*'''United States''': 6-APB is unscheduled in the United States, but not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Entactogens]]
*[[Research chemicals]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Phenethylamines]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Benzofuran]]
*[[Benzofuran]]
*[[Entactogen]]
*[[MDA]]
*[[5-APB]]
*[[5-APB]]
*[[MDA]]
*[[6-APDB]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-APB 6-APB(Wikipedia)]
 
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB(Erowid)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-APB 6-APB (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_6APB.shtml 6-APB experiences (Erowid)]
*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/6_apb/ 6-APB (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?domain=pk&id=2358#references 6-APB (IsomerDesign)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2358 6-APB (Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.rollsafe.org/ RollSafe]
*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/6-APB 6-APB (Drugs-Forum)]
*[https://www.mdmawiki.org/ MDMA Wiki]
 
===Discussion===
 
*[https://www.bluelight.org/xf/threads/632565/ The Big & Dandy 6-APB Thread (Bluelight)]
 
==Literature==
 
*Greene, S. L. (2013). Benzofurans and benzodifurans. In Novel Psychoactive Substances (pp. 383-392). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415816-0.00016-X


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Amphetamine]]
[[Category:Amphetamine]]
[[Category:Benzofuran]]
[[Category:Entactogen]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Substance]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/6-APB"