Salvinorin A: Difference between revisions

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'''Salvinorin A''' is the main active psychoactive molecule within [[Salvia divinorum (botany)|''Salvia ~~divinorum~~'']], a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an [[entheogen]] by indigenous Mazatec shamans. It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring [[hallucinogens]] (such as [[DMT]], [[psilocin]] and [[mescaline]]) because it contains no nitrogen atoms, making it a [[Chemical class::terpenoid]] and not an [[alkaloid]] as is the norm. This means it cannot be rendered as a salt.

'''Salvinorin A''' is the main active psychoactive molecule within [[Salvia divinorum (botany)|''Salvia Divinorum'']], a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an [[entheogen]] by indigenous Mazatec shamans. It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring [[hallucinogens]] (such as [[DMT]], [[psilocin]] and [[mescaline]]) because it contains no nitrogen atoms, making it a [[Chemical class::terpenoid]] and not an [[alkaloid]] as is the norm. This means it cannot be rendered as a salt.

It also differs in subjective experience compared to other [[Psychoactive class::hallucinogen]]s, and has been described as an atypical [[psychedelic]] although this formal classification is debatable.{{citation needed}}

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*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Salvia_divinorum.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Salvia]

==Salvia ~~divinorum~~==

==Salvia Divinorum==

[[File:Salvia-divinorum-plants.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The leaves of a Salvia divinorum plant]]

'''''Salvia ~~divinorum~~''''' (also known as '''Diviner's Sage''', '''Ska María Pastora''', '''Seer's Sage''', and by its genus name '''''Salvia''''') is a psychoactive plant which is a potent producer of "visions" and other hallucinatory experiences. Its native habitat is within Cloud Forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico where it grows in shady and moist locations. The plant grows to over a meter high and has hollow square stems, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. {{citation needed}}

'''''Salvia Divinorum''''' (also known as '''Diviner's Sage''', '''Ska María Pastora''', '''Seer's Sage''', and by its genus name '''''Salvia''''') is a psychoactive plant which is a potent producer of "visions" and other hallucinatory experiences. Its native habitat is within Cloud Forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico where it grows in shady and moist locations. The plant grows to over a meter high and has hollow square stems, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. {{citation needed}}

===Forms of Salvia ~~divinorum~~===

===Forms of Salvia Divinorum===

====='''Fresh leaf''' (sublingual)=====

The fresh leaf is typically used for making a quid of leaves and is held under the tongue for [[Routes of administration#Sublingual|sublingual absorption]]. Fresh leaf is preferred for sublingual absorption because it does not break up in one's mouth and is easier to chew. If one plans to use dried leaf for a quid, they should soak them in water for at least ten minutes otherwise ingestion can become highly unpleasant. Soaking the dried leaf in water can also cause it to lose potency.

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==Other salvinorin A containing plants==

[[File:Salvia Recognita.jpg|thumb|Salvia ~~recognita~~]]

[[File:Salvia Recognita.jpg|thumb|Salvia Recognita]]

*'''''Salvia ~~recognita~~''''' (also known as '''Turkish Cliff Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is 10 times less potent than its relative ''Salvia ~~divinorum~~''. Its native habitat is at the base of cliffs in the central Turkey, where it grows in light shade at elevations of 4,000 feet. The plant grows up to a meter high and leafs that span from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.

*'''''Salvia Recognita''''' (also known as '''Turkish Cliff Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is 10 times less potent than its relative ''Salvia Divinorum''. Its native habitat is at the base of cliffs in the central Turkey, where it grows in light shade at elevations of 4,000 feet. The plant grows up to a meter high and leafs that span from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.

*'''''Salvia ~~glutinosa~~''''' (also known as '''Jupiter's Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is far less potent than Salvia ~~recognita~~. Its native habitat is in forested areas located around Central and East Europe and West Asia, where it grows in partial shade in calcareous soils, at elevations of 330 - 5,250 feet (100 - 1,600 metres) ~~adobe~~ sea level. The plant grows up to a 16-24 inches (40 - 60 cm) tall and hairy leafs that span from 5.1 inches (13 cm) inches with petioles of about 3.1 - 3.9 inches ( 8 - 8 centimetres), and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.

*'''''Salvia Glutinosa''''' (also known as '''Jupiter's Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is far less potent than Salvia Recognita. Its native habitat is in forested areas located around Central and East Europe and West Asia, where it grows in partial shade in calcareous soils, at elevations of 330 - 5,250 feet (100 - 1,600 metres) above sea level. The plant grows up to a 16-24 inches (40 - 60 cm) tall and hairy leafs that span from 5.1 inches (13 cm) inches with petioles of about 3.1 - 3.9 inches (7.9 - 9.9 centimetres), and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.

==Classification==

Currently, the scientific literature classifies salvinorin A as a [[hallucinogen]]. However, there is additional debate as to whether it can correctly be labeled as a [[dissociative]] or an atypical dissociative with some [[psychedelic]] and even [[deliriant|delirious]] qualities.{{citation needed}}

Although salvia shares states of hallucinatory structures and out-of-body experiences commonly reported with typical dissociatives ([[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s), this is arguably not sufficient so that it falls under the same classification. For example, the hallucinatory structures (although similar) are vastly different in their style and complexity. Alongside of this, the out-of-body experiences commonly reported with dissociatives are presumed to be triggered by the way in which NMDA receptor antagonists block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. This is accompanied by a distinctive feeling of dissociation, disconnection and detachment which is not present on salvia as it works on an entirely different set of receptors, the function of which in the human brain is almost entirely unknown.{{citation needed}}

Although salvia shares states of hallucinatory structures and out-of-body experiences commonly reported with typical dissociatives ([[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s), this is arguably not sufficient so that it falls under the same classification. For example, the hallucinatory structures (although similar) are vastly different in their style and complexity. Alongside this, the out-of-body experiences commonly reported with dissociatives are presumed to be triggered by the way in which NMDA receptor antagonists block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. This is accompanied by a distinctive feeling of dissociation, disconnection and detachment which is not present on salvia as it works on an entirely different set of receptors, the function of which in the human brain is almost entirely unknown.{{citation needed}}

The effects of salvia have a subjectively unique style and pharmacology that is not found within any other category of [[hallucinogen]], this has led many within the [[psychonaut]] community assert that it deserves recognition for falling into an entirely new class of its own. Any compound within this subjective and pharmacological class could potentially be referred to as a "salviagenic". This would also include various other similar analogues such as [[Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether|Salvinorin B]] and many others.<ref>{{Citation | title=Salvinorin Analogues; Beyond Salvinorin A - Salvia Divinorum - Welcome to the DMT-Nexus | url=https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=4823}}</ref>

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*'''Australia:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Australia.{{citation needed}}

*'''Austria:''' ~~Synthetically produced~~ Salvinorin A ~~(including extracts)~~ is illegal to produce ~~(with intent to sell)~~ and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) Anlage II, which came into effect on March 22nd, 2023.<ref>{{Citation | title=Verordnung des Bundesministers für Gesundheit über Neue Psychoaktive Substanzen (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung - NPSV) | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642}}</ref> It is, however, not illegal to buy, possess, or produce without intent to sell.~~<ref>~~{{Citation | title=Bundesgesetz über den Schutz vor Gesundheitsgefahren im Zusammenhang mit Neuen Psychoaktiven Substanzen (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz, NPSG) | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007605}}~~</ref> Growing and selling plants or selling leaves containing Salvinorin A remains legal.~~

*'''Austria:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}

*'''Belgium:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Belgium.{{citation needed}}

*'''Croatia:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Croatia.{{citation needed}}

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*'''Canada:''' Salvia divinorum and its preparations and derivatives (including Salvinorin A) are schedule IV in Canada.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-38.8/page-15.html}}</ref>

*'''Denmark:''' Salvinorin A is a Class B drug in Denmark.{{citation needed}}

*'''Germany:''' Salvinorin A is not controlled in Germany, however Salvia ~~divinorum~~ was added to BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to grow, import, possess, sell, or transfer it as of March 1, 2008 <ref>{{Citation | title=21. BtMÄndV Einundzwanzigste Betäubungsmittelrechts-Änderungsverordnung | url=https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/8104/index.htm}}</ref>

*'''Germany:''' Salvinorin A is not controlled in Germany, however Salvia Divinorum was added to BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to grow, import, possess, sell, or transfer it as of March 1, 2008 <ref>{{Citation | title=21. BtMÄndV Einundzwanzigste Betäubungsmittelrechts-Änderungsverordnung | url=https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/8104/index.htm}}</ref>

*'''Ireland:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Ireland.{{citation needed}}

*'''Italy:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Italy.{{citation needed}}

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*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Salvia divinorum (botany)|Salvia ~~divinorum~~]]

*[[Salvia divinorum (botany)|Salvia Divinorum]]

*[[Salvinorin B]]

*[[Hallucinogens]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SubstanceBox/Salvia}}
-'''Salvinorin A''' is the main active psychoactive molecule within [[Salvia divinorum (botany)|''Salvia divinorum'']], a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an [[entheogen]] by indigenous Mazatec shamans. It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring [[hallucinogens]] (such as [[DMT]], [[psilocin]] and [[mescaline]]) because it contains no nitrogen atoms, making it a [[Chemical class::terpenoid]] and not an [[alkaloid]] as is the norm. This means it cannot be rendered as a salt.
+'''Salvinorin A''' is the main active psychoactive molecule within [[Salvia divinorum (botany)|''Salvia Divinorum'']], a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an [[entheogen]] by indigenous Mazatec shamans. It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring [[hallucinogens]] (such as [[DMT]], [[psilocin]] and [[mescaline]]) because it contains no nitrogen atoms, making it a [[Chemical class::terpenoid]] and not an [[alkaloid]] as is the norm. This means it cannot be rendered as a salt.
 It also differs in subjective experience compared to other [[Psychoactive class::hallucinogen]]s, and has been described as an atypical [[psychedelic]] although this formal classification is debatable.{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 *[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Salvia_divinorum.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Salvia]
-==Salvia divinorum==
+==Salvia Divinorum==
 [[File:Salvia-divinorum-plants.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The leaves of a Salvia divinorum plant]]
-'''''Salvia divinorum''''' (also known as '''Diviner's Sage''', '''Ska María Pastora''', '''Seer's Sage''', and by its genus name '''''Salvia''''') is a psychoactive plant which is a potent producer of "visions" and other hallucinatory experiences. Its native habitat is within Cloud Forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico where it grows in shady and moist locations. The plant grows to over a meter high and has hollow square stems, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. {{citation needed}}
+'''''Salvia Divinorum''''' (also known as '''Diviner's Sage''', '''Ska María Pastora''', '''Seer's Sage''', and by its genus name '''''Salvia''''') is a psychoactive plant which is a potent producer of "visions" and other hallucinatory experiences. Its native habitat is within Cloud Forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico where it grows in shady and moist locations. The plant grows to over a meter high and has hollow square stems, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. {{citation needed}}
-===Forms of Salvia divinorum===
+===Forms of Salvia Divinorum===
 ====='''Fresh leaf''' (sublingual)=====
 The fresh leaf is typically used for making a quid of leaves and is held under the tongue for [[Routes of administration#Sublingual|sublingual absorption]]. Fresh leaf is preferred for sublingual absorption because it does not break up in one's mouth and is easier to chew. If one plans to use dried leaf for a quid, they should soak them in water for at least ten minutes otherwise ingestion can become highly unpleasant. Soaking the dried leaf in water can also cause it to lose potency.
@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 ==Other salvinorin A containing plants==
-[[File:Salvia Recognita.jpg|thumb|Salvia recognita]]
+[[File:Salvia Recognita.jpg|thumb|Salvia Recognita]]
-*'''''Salvia recognita''''' (also known as '''Turkish Cliff Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is 10 times less potent than its relative ''Salvia divinorum''. Its native habitat is at the base of cliffs in the  central Turkey, where it grows in light shade at elevations of 4,000 feet. The plant grows up to a meter high and leafs that span from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.
+*'''''Salvia Recognita''''' (also known as '''Turkish Cliff Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is 10 times less potent than its relative ''Salvia Divinorum''. Its native habitat is at the base of cliffs in the  central Turkey, where it grows in light shade at elevations of 4,000 feet. The plant grows up to a meter high and leafs that span from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.
-*'''''Salvia glutinosa''''' (also known as '''Jupiter's Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is far less potent than Salvia recognita. Its native habitat is in forested areas located around Central and East Europe and West Asia, where it grows in partial shade in calcareous soils, at elevations of 330 - 5,250 feet (100 - 1,600 metres) adobe sea level. The plant grows up to a 16-24 inches (40 - 60 cm) tall and hairy leafs that span from 5.1 inches (13 cm) inches with petioles of about 3.1 - 3.9 inches ( 8 - 8 centimetres), and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.
+*'''''Salvia Glutinosa''''' (also known as '''Jupiter's Sage''') is a psychoactive plant which is far less potent than Salvia Recognita. Its native habitat is in forested areas located around Central and East Europe and West Asia, where it grows in partial shade in calcareous soils, at elevations of 330 - 5,250 feet (100 - 1,600 metres) above sea level. The plant grows up to a 16-24 inches (40 - 60 cm) tall and hairy leafs that span from 5.1 inches (13 cm) inches with petioles of about 3.1 - 3.9 inches (7.9 - 9.9 centimetres), and occasional white flowers with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.
 ==Classification==
 Currently, the scientific literature classifies salvinorin A as a [[hallucinogen]]. However, there is additional debate as to whether it can correctly be labeled as a [[dissociative]] or an atypical dissociative with some [[psychedelic]] and even [[deliriant|delirious]] qualities.{{citation needed}}
-Although salvia shares states of hallucinatory structures and out-of-body experiences commonly reported with typical dissociatives ([[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s), this is arguably not sufficient so that it falls under the same classification. For example, the hallucinatory structures (although similar) are vastly different in their style and complexity. Alongside of this, the out-of-body experiences commonly reported with dissociatives are presumed to be triggered by the way in which NMDA receptor antagonists block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. This is accompanied by a distinctive feeling of dissociation, disconnection and detachment which is not present on salvia as it works on an entirely different set of receptors, the function of which in the human brain is almost entirely unknown.{{citation needed}}
+Although salvia shares states of hallucinatory structures and out-of-body experiences commonly reported with typical dissociatives ([[NMDA receptor antagonist]]s), this is arguably not sufficient so that it falls under the same classification. For example, the hallucinatory structures (although similar) are vastly different in their style and complexity. Alongside this, the out-of-body experiences commonly reported with dissociatives are presumed to be triggered by the way in which NMDA receptor antagonists block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. This is accompanied by a distinctive feeling of dissociation, disconnection and detachment which is not present on salvia as it works on an entirely different set of receptors, the function of which in the human brain is almost entirely unknown.{{citation needed}}
 The effects of salvia have a subjectively unique style and pharmacology that is not found within any other category of [[hallucinogen]], this has led many within the [[psychonaut]] community assert that it deserves recognition for falling into an entirely new class of its own. Any compound within this subjective and pharmacological class could potentially be referred to as a "salviagenic". This would also include various other similar analogues such as [[Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether|Salvinorin B]] and many others.<ref>{{Citation | title=Salvinorin Analogues; Beyond Salvinorin A - Salvia Divinorum - Welcome to the DMT-Nexus | url=https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=4823}}</ref>
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 *'''Australia:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Australia.{{citation needed}}
-*'''Austria:'''	Synthetically produced Salvinorin A (including extracts) is illegal to produce (with intent to sell) and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) Anlage II, which came into effect on March 22nd, 2023.<ref>{{Citation | title=Verordnung des Bundesministers für Gesundheit über Neue Psychoaktive Substanzen (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung - NPSV) | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642}}</ref> It is, however, not illegal to buy, possess, or produce without intent to sell.<ref>{{Citation | title=Bundesgesetz über den Schutz vor Gesundheitsgefahren im Zusammenhang mit Neuen Psychoaktiven Substanzen (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz, NPSG) | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007605}}</ref> Growing and selling plants or selling leaves containing Salvinorin A remains legal.
+*'''Austria:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}
 *'''Belgium:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Belgium.{{citation needed}}
 *'''Croatia:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Croatia.{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 174: / Line 174: @@
 *'''Canada:''' Salvia divinorum and its preparations and derivatives (including Salvinorin A) are schedule IV in Canada.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Branch, L. S.)) | year=2022 | title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act | url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-38.8/page-15.html}}</ref>
 *'''Denmark:''' Salvinorin A is a Class B drug in Denmark.{{citation needed}}
-*'''Germany:''' Salvinorin A is not controlled in Germany, however Salvia divinorum was added to BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to grow, import, possess, sell, or transfer it as of March 1, 2008 <ref>{{Citation | title=21. BtMÄndV Einundzwanzigste Betäubungsmittelrechts-Änderungsverordnung | url=https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/8104/index.htm}}</ref>
+*'''Germany:''' Salvinorin A is not controlled in Germany, however Salvia Divinorum was added to BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to grow, import, possess, sell, or transfer it as of March 1, 2008 <ref>{{Citation | title=21. BtMÄndV Einundzwanzigste Betäubungsmittelrechts-Änderungsverordnung | url=https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/8104/index.htm}}</ref>
 *'''Ireland:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Ireland.{{citation needed}}
 *'''Italy:''' Salvinorin A is illegal to possess and sell in Italy.{{citation needed}}
@@ Line 191: / Line 191: @@
 *[[Responsible use]]
-*[[Salvia divinorum (botany)|Salvia divinorum]]
+*[[Salvia divinorum (botany)|Salvia Divinorum]]
 *[[Salvinorin B]]
 *[[Hallucinogens]]