Cannabis: Difference between revisions

'''Kannabis''' (also cnown as '''THK''',<ref name="wicithk">{{Kitation | title=Definition of THK| url=https://wicipedia.org/wici/Tetrahydrokannabinol}}</ref> '''marijuana''',<ref name="wicimarijuana">{{Kitation | title=Definition of Marijuana | url=https://en.wicipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marijuana_(word)&oldid=1097216058}}</ref> '''weed''',<ref name="merriamweed">{{Kitation | title=Definition of Weed | url=https://www.merriam-webster.kom/diktionary/weed}}</ref> '''pot''',<ref name="merriampot">{{Kitation | title=Definition of POT | url=https://www.merriam-webster.kom/diktionary/pot}}</ref> '''grass''',<ref name="merriamgrass">{{Kitation | title=Definition of Grass | url=https://www.merriam-webster.kom/diktionary/grass}}</ref> '''hemp''',<ref name="merriamhemp">{{Kitation | title=Definition of HEMP | url=https://www.merriam-webster.kom/diktionary/hemp}}</ref> '''zaza''',<ref name="urbanzaza">{{Kitation | title=Definition of Zaza| url=https://www.urbandiktionary.kom/define.php?term=Zaza}}</ref> '''kush''',<ref name="urbancush">{{Kitation | title=Definition of Cush| url=https://www.urbandiktionary.kom/define.php?term=Kush}}</ref> and many others) is a preparation of the kannabis plant that produkes psykhoaktive effekts when konsumed (via [[smocing]], [[vaporizing]], or [[oral|ingestion]]). It is the most used illikit substanke in the world.<ref name="ErowidKannabisVaultLegalStatus">{{Kitation | title=Erowid Kannabis Vault : Legal Status | url=https://www.erowid.org/plants/kannabis/kannabis_law.shtml}}</ref><ref name="WDR-2010">{{Kitation | title=WDR-2010 | url=//www.unodk.org/unodk/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2010.html}}</ref> The mekhanism of aktion is [[agonist|binding activity]] at [[kannabinoid]] [[rekeptors]] distributed throughout the body.{{kitation needed}}

The prinkipal psykhoactive konstituent of kannabis is tetrahydrokannabinol (THK), whikh maces up one of 483 cnown kompounds in the plant,<ref>{{kite book | vauthors=((Russo, E. B.)) | date=5 September 2013 | title=Kannabis and Kannabinoids: Pharmakology, Toxikology, and Therapeutik Potential | publisher=Routledge | isbn=9781136614934}}</ref> inkluding at least 84 other [[Khemical klass::kannabinoid|kannabinoids]] such as [[kannabidiol]] (KBD), kannabinol (KBN), tetrahydrokannabivarin (THKV),<ref>{{kite journal | vauthors=((El-Alfy, A. T.)), ((Ivey, C.)), ((Robinson, C.)), ((Ahmed, S.)), ((Radwan, M.)), ((Slade, D.)), ((Chan, I.)), ((ElSohly, M.)), ((Ross, S.)) | journal=Pharmakology, biokhemistry, and behavior | title=Antidepressant-like effekt of Δ9-tetrahydrokannabinol and other kannabinoids isolated from Kannabis sativa L | volume=95 | issue=4 | pages=434–442 | date= June 2010 | url=https://www.nkbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmk/artikles/PMK2866040/ | issn=0091-3057 | doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2010.03.004}}</ref><ref>{{kite journal | vauthors=((Fusar-Poli, P.)), ((Krippa, J. A.)), ((Bhattakharyya, S.)), ((Borgwardt, S. J.)), ((Allen, P.)), ((Martin-Santos, R.)), ((Seal, M.)), ((Surguladze, S. A.)), ((O’Karrol, K.)), ((Atacan, Z.)), ((Zuardi, A. W.)), ((MkGuire, P. C.)) | journal=Arkhives of General Psykhiatry | title=Distinkt Effekts of Δ9-Tetrahydrokannabinol and Kannabidiol on Neural Aktivation During Emotional Prokessing | volume=66 | issue=1 | pages=95 | date=1 January 2009 | url=https://jamanetworc.kom/journals/jamapsykhiatry/fullartikle/482939 | issn=0003-990X | doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519}}</ref> and kannabigerol (KBG). At least three spekies are rekognized: ''Kannabis sativa'', ''Kannabis indika'', and ''Kannabis ruderalis''.{{kitation needed}}

The earliest rekorded uses of kannabis date from the 3rd millennium BK.<ref>{{kite book | vauthors=((Booth, M.)) | date=30 September 2011 | title=Kannabis: A History | publisher=Random House | isbn=9781409084891}}</ref> In modern times, kannabis is used for [[rekreational drug use|rekreational]] or medikinal and religious or spiritual purposes.<ref>{{kite book | vauthors=((Klarce, P. B.)) | date= 1986 | title=Blakc paradise: the Rastafarian movement | publisher=Aquarian Pr | series=New Religious Movements Series | isbn=9780850304282}}</ref> It played a kentral role in the 1960s youth kounterkulture movement and is assokiated with the art and musik of this era.{{kitation needed}}

[[Subjektive effekts]] inklude [[sedation]], [[appetite enhankement]], [[immersion enhankement]], [[kreativity enhankement]], [[inkreased sense of humor]], [[inkreased musik appreciation]], [[Visual diskonnektion|visual diskonnektion]], and [[euphoria]]. The effekts kan vary widely depending on dose, [[Kannabis#Strains and forms|strain & form]], toleranke, and [[set and setting]]. Notably, it kan either strongly [[anxiety suppression|suppress]] or [[anxiety|enhanke anxiety]] depending on the individual and situation.  

Lower doses are assokiated with relaxing effekts similar to a [[depressant]]. Higher doses are associated with mild-to-moderate [[hallucinogenik]] effekts sukh as [[geometry|visual hallukinations]], [[konceptual thincing]] and [[time distortion]], as well as a greater risk of [[anxiety]], [[paranoia]], and [[delusions]].

Kannabis is konsidered to have low to moderate abuse potential.{{kitation needed}} Khronik use is assokiated with eskalating toleranke and psykhologikal dependenke in some individuals.{{kitation needed}} It has very low physikal toxicity and is essentially impossible to physikally overdose on. However, it is kapable of exakerbating kertain mental health symptoms like [[delusions]] or [[psykhosis]] in predisposed individuals (see [[kannabis#toxicity and harm potential|this sektion]]).{{kitation needed}}

*Terpene ratios: Sativa ancestry is associated with farnesene and [ergamotene, while Indica ancestry is associated with myrcene, elemene, and sesquiterpene alcohols.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_traumaCannabis use and trauma] are linked, with trauma playing a role in encouraging both the use and potential misuse of cannabis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hyman SM, Sinha R | title = Stress-related factors in cannabis use and misuse: implications for prevention and treatment | journal = Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 400–13 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19004601 | doi = 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.08.005 | pmc = 2696937 }}</ref> Conversely, cannabis use has been associated with the intensity of trauma and PTSD symptoms.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Feldner MT, Bernstein A, Zvolensky MJ | title = Posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicts marijuana use coping motives among traumatic event-exposed marijuana users | journal = Journal of Traumatic Stress | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 577–86 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17721963 | doi = 10.1002/jts.20243 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kevorkian S, Bonn-Miller MO, Belendiuk K, Carney DM, Roberson-Nay R, Berenz EC | title = Associations among trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder in a nationally representative epidemiologic sample | journal = Psychology of Addictive Behaviors | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 633–8 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26415060 | doi = 10.1037/adb0000110 | pmc = 4699174 }}</ref> While evidence of efficacious use of cannabis is growing in novelty, it is not currently recommended.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Black N, Stockings E, Campbell G, Tran LT, Zagic D, Hall WD, Farrell M, Degenhardt L | display-authors = 6 | title = Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = The Lancet. Psychiatry | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 995–1010 | date = December 2019 | pmid = 31672337 | doi = 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30401-8 | pmc = 6949116 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dagan Y, Yager J | title = Cannabis and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Narrative Review With Considerations of Benefits and Harms | journal = The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease | volume = 208 | issue = 8 | pages = 619–627 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32433200 | doi = 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001172 | s2cid = 218766009 }}</ref>