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Codeine: Difference between revisions
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*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]''' - At high doses, the eyes un-focus and re-focus uncontrollably. This creates a blurred effect and double vision that is present no matter where one focuses their eyes. This can be so intense it becomes impossible to read or drive. | *'''[[Effect::Double vision]]''' - At high doses, the eyes un-focus and re-focus uncontrollably. This creates a blurred effect and double vision that is present no matter where one focuses their eyes. This can be so intense it becomes impossible to read or drive. | ||
====Hallucinatory States==== | |||
*'''[[Effect::Internal Hallucination]]''' -One may experience a state of semi-consciousness and hypnagogia during heavy dosage nodding which results in dream-like states and up to level 3 imagery. This is often accompanied by ill-defined geometry. | |||
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*'''Denmark:''' In Denmark, codeine is sold over the counter with max 9.6 mg in the mixture. The item is given over the counter, with no prescriptions. The strongest available over the counter preparation containing codeine has 9.6 mg (with aspirin, brand name Kodimagnyl); anything stronger requires a prescription for legal possession.{{citation needed}} | *'''Denmark:''' In Denmark, codeine is sold over the counter with max 9.6 mg in the mixture. The item is given over the counter, with no prescriptions. The strongest available over the counter preparation containing codeine has 9.6 mg (with aspirin, brand name Kodimagnyl); anything stronger requires a prescription for legal possession.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Finland:''' In Finland, codeine cough syrups with a maximum strength of 1mg/ml is sold in pharmacies over the counter. Codeine isn't available in pill form without a prescription. Any stronger cough syrup and combination painkillers (codeine with paracetamol or ibuprofen such as Panacod, Co-codamol, and Ardinex) require a prescription.{{citation needed}} | *'''Finland:''' In Finland, codeine cough syrups with a maximum strength of 1mg/ml is sold in pharmacies over the counter. Codeine isn't available in pill form without a prescription. Any stronger cough syrup and combination painkillers (codeine with paracetamol or ibuprofen such as Panacod, Co-codamol, and Ardinex) require a prescription.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''France:''' In France, most preparations containing codeine do not require a doctor's prescription. Example products containing codeine include Néocodion (cough pills, and syrup), Codoliprane (codeine with paracetamol), Prontalgine and Migralgine (codeine, paracetamol, and caffeine).<ref>{{Citation | title=Codéine : substance active à effet thérapeutique | url=https://www.vidal.fr/medicaments/substances/codeine-1039.html}}</ref> Codeine is regulated/controlled substance (schedule 2) since 2017 after a decision of the "Minister of Health" Agnès Buzyn, it is therefore now under prescription only and raw pure codeine is not | *'''France:''' In France, most preparations containing codeine do not require a doctor's prescription. Example products containing codeine include Néocodion (cough pills, and syrup), Codoliprane (codeine with paracetamol), Prontalgine and Migralgine (codeine, paracetamol, and caffeine).<ref>{{Citation | title=Codéine : substance active à effet thérapeutique | url=https://www.vidal.fr/medicaments/substances/codeine-1039.html}}</ref> Codeine is regulated/controlled substance (schedule 2) since 2017 after a decision of the "Minister of Health" Agnès Buzyn, it is therefore now under prescription only and raw pure codeine is not available altogether anymore. The most common prescribed codeine brands are Klipal and Codoliprane, both mixed with paracetamol heavily. Klipal being the strongest ratio, 50mg codeine for 600mg paracetamol. | ||
*'''Germany:''' Codeine is a controlled substance under Anlage III of the BtMG. It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form. There is an exception for preparations, containing up to 2,5% or 100mg codeine per unit, which can be prescribed on a regular prescription if not prescripted to an alcohol or drug dependent person.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage III BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html}}</ref> | *'''Germany:''' Codeine is a controlled substance under Anlage III of the BtMG. It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form. There is an exception for preparations, containing up to 2,5% or 100mg codeine per unit, which can be prescribed on a regular prescription if not prescripted to an alcohol or drug dependent person.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage III BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''Greece:''' Codeine is classed as an illegal drug in Greece, and individuals possessing it could conceivably be arrested, even if they were legitimately prescribed it in another country. It is sold only with a doctor's prescription.<ref>http://gogreece.about.com/od/planagreattriptogreece/a/greecepharmacy_2.htm</ref> | *'''Greece:''' Codeine is classed as an illegal drug in Greece, and individuals possessing it could conceivably be arrested, even if they were legitimately prescribed it in another country. It is sold only with a doctor's prescription.<ref>http://gogreece.about.com/od/planagreattriptogreece/a/greecepharmacy_2.htm</ref> | ||
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*'''Japan:''' Codeine and similar mid-level centrally acting agents in combination with non-opioid analgesics, antihistamines, vitamins, inert GI agents like kaolin & pectin, mild laxatives, antacids, and herbal preparations, can be purchased over the counter, with 10 mg being the ceiling for OTC dispensing.{{citation needed}} | *'''Japan:''' Codeine and similar mid-level centrally acting agents in combination with non-opioid analgesics, antihistamines, vitamins, inert GI agents like kaolin & pectin, mild laxatives, antacids, and herbal preparations, can be purchased over the counter, with 10 mg being the ceiling for OTC dispensing.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Maldives:''' The Maldives takes an infamously strict line on medicines, with many common drugs, anything containing codeine is banned unless you have a notarized and authenticated doctor's prescription. Visitors breaking the rules, even inadvertently, have been deported or imprisoned.{{citation needed}} | *'''Maldives:''' The Maldives takes an infamously strict line on medicines, with many common drugs, anything containing codeine is banned unless you have a notarized and authenticated doctor's prescription. Visitors breaking the rules, even inadvertently, have been deported or imprisoned.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Poland:''' Codeine is listed in "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" group " II-N" which means it's legal to use in scientific and medical pruposes, and is available over the counter in doses of 15mg in combination with 500mg paracetamol (Antidol) or 300mg sulfogaiacol (Thiocodin). However a pharmacy worker can refuse to sell it if they believe the client is a minor or wants to use it for drug abuse purposes.<ref>{{Citation | title=Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych | url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_II-N}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation | title=Kodeina – Narkopedia | url=https://narkopedia.org/Kodeina#Polska}}</ref> | *'''Poland:''' Codeine is listed in "Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych" group " II-N" which means it's legal to use in scientific and medical pruposes, and is available over the counter in doses of 15mg in combination with 500mg paracetamol (Antidol) or 300mg sulfogaiacol (Thiocodin), or 10mg in combination with thyme extract (Neoazarina). However a pharmacy worker can refuse to sell it if they believe the client is a minor or wants to use it for drug abuse purposes.<ref>{{Citation | title=Wykaz środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych | url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykaz_%C5%9Brodk%C3%B3w_odurzaj%C4%85cych_i_substancji_psychotropowych#Grupa_II-N}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation | title=Kodeina – Narkopedia | url=https://narkopedia.org/Kodeina#Polska}}</ref> | ||
*'''Romania:''' Codeine is sold OTC (when combined with another active ingredient), the limit being 12.8mg of codeine per pill, which is seen in Nurofen Plus. Any amount above 12.8mg/unit requires a prescription, whether it has another ingredient or not. | *'''Romania:''' Codeine is sold OTC (when combined with another active ingredient), the limit being 12.8mg of codeine per pill, which is seen in Nurofen Plus. Any amount above 12.8mg/unit requires a prescription, whether it has another ingredient or not. | ||
*'''Russia:''' According to ITAR-Tass and Austria Presse-Agentur, OTC availability of codeine products was rescinded nationwide in 2012 because of the discovery of the Krokodil method of underground desomorphine synthesis.{{citation needed}} | *'''Russia:''' According to ITAR-Tass and Austria Presse-Agentur, OTC availability of codeine products was rescinded nationwide in 2012 because of the discovery of the Krokodil method of underground desomorphine synthesis.{{citation needed}} | ||
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*'''Sri Lanka:''' Codeine preparations are available as over the counter pharmacy medicines in Sri Lanka. The most common preparation is Panadeine, which contains 500 mg of Paracetamol and 8 mg of Codeine.{{citation needed}} | *'''Sri Lanka:''' Codeine preparations are available as over the counter pharmacy medicines in Sri Lanka. The most common preparation is Panadeine, which contains 500 mg of Paracetamol and 8 mg of Codeine.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Sweden:''' Codeine is Schedule III under Swedish law, which means it is heavily regulated and sold only to those who have a prescription.{{citation needed}} | *'''Sweden:''' Codeine is Schedule III under Swedish law, which means it is heavily regulated and sold only to those who have a prescription.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Switzerland''': Codeine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis A. Medicinal use is permitted. Some preparations containing codeine are included in | *'''Switzerland''': Codeine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis A. Medicinal use is permitted. Some preparations containing codeine are included in Verzeichnis C, while certain ones are excluded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Turkey''': Codeine is a 'red prescription' only substance<ref>KIRMIZI REÇETEYE TABİ İLAÇLAR | https://www.titck.gov.tr/storage/Archive/2019/contentFile/K%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1%20Re%C3%A7eteye%20Tabi%20%C4%B0la%C3%A7lar%2005072019_ebcc7e92-6661-4983-870a-fe8983a9c2b7.pdf</ref> and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription.{{citation needed}} | *'''Turkey''': Codeine is a 'red prescription' only substance<ref>KIRMIZI REÇETEYE TABİ İLAÇLAR | https://www.titck.gov.tr/storage/Archive/2019/contentFile/K%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1%20Re%C3%A7eteye%20Tabi%20%C4%B0la%C3%A7lar%2005072019_ebcc7e92-6661-4983-870a-fe8983a9c2b7.pdf</ref> and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United Arabian Emirates:''' The UAE takes an exceptionally strict line on medicines, with many common drugs, notably anything with containing codeine being banned unless you have a notarized and authenticated doctor's prescription. Visitors breaking the rules, even inadvertently, have been deported or imprisoned. The US Embassy to the UAE maintains an [http://abudhabi.usembassy.gov/restricted_medication.html unofficial list] of what may not be imported.{{citation needed}} | *'''United Arabian Emirates:''' The UAE takes an exceptionally strict line on medicines, with many common drugs, notably anything with containing codeine being banned unless you have a notarized and authenticated doctor's prescription. Visitors breaking the rules, even inadvertently, have been deported or imprisoned. The US Embassy to the UAE maintains an [http://abudhabi.usembassy.gov/restricted_medication.html unofficial list] of what may not be imported.{{citation needed}} | ||
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*[https://erowid.org/pharms/codeine/codeine.shtml Codeine (Erowid Vault)] | *[https://erowid.org/pharms/codeine/codeine.shtml Codeine (Erowid Vault)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=9293 Codeine (Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=9293 Codeine (Isomer Design)] | ||
*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00318 Codeine (DrugBank)] | |||
*[https://www.drugs.com/codeine.html Codeine (Drugs.com)] | |||
*[https://drugs-forum.com/wiki/Codeine Codeine (Drugs-Forum)] | |||
==Literature== | ==Literature== | ||