This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
Methylphenidate: Difference between revisions
>Shoe Expanded and updated the history and culture section, added missing citations and new information. |
>Larnaca m Undo partial reversion |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
The compound was first synthesized in 1944 by chemist Leandro Panizzon and marketed as “Ritalin” by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis) in 1954. The name “Ritalin” derives from the first name of Panizzon’s wife, i.e. Marguerite, nicknamed Rita,<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3000907/#Sec8</ref> who used Ritalin to compensate for low blood pressure.<ref>Richard L. Myers https://books.google.com/books?id=a4DuGVwyN6cC&q=named+ritalin+after+his+wife&pg=PA178 ABC-CLIO. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-313-33758-1.</ref> | The compound was first synthesized in 1944 by chemist Leandro Panizzon and marketed as “Ritalin” by Swiss company CIBA (now Novartis) in 1954. The name “Ritalin” derives from the first name of Panizzon’s wife, i.e. Marguerite, nicknamed Rita,<ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3000907/#Sec8</ref> who used Ritalin to compensate for low blood pressure.<ref>Richard L. Myers https://books.google.com/books?id=a4DuGVwyN6cC&q=named+ritalin+after+his+wife&pg=PA178 ABC-CLIO. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-313-33758-1.</ref> | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
Methylphenidate is a synthetic molecule of the [[substituted phenethylamine]] and [[substituted phenidate]] classes. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (-NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. | Methylphenidate is a synthetic molecule of the [[substituted phenethylamine]] and [[substituted phenidate]] classes. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (-NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain. | ||
It is structurally similar to [[amphetamine]], featuring a substitution at R<sub>α</sub> which is incorporated into a [[piperidine]] ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains a methyl | It is structurally similar to [[amphetamine]], featuring a substitution at R<sub>α</sub> which is incorporated into a [[piperidine]] ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains a methyl carboxylate bound to R<sub>β</sub> of its structure. | ||
===Dexmethylphenidate=== | ===Dexmethylphenidate=== | ||
| Line 164: | Line 164: | ||
*'''Austria''': Methylphenidate is legal for medical use under the AMG (Arzneimittelgesetz Österreich) and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | *'''Austria''': Methylphenidate is legal for medical use under the AMG (Arzneimittelgesetz Österreich) and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada''': Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (along with LSD, psychedelic mushrooms, and mescaline).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-32.html#h-28|title=SCHEDULE III|publisher=Department of Justice|access-date=December 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416090043/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-32.html#h-28|archive-date=April 16, 2011}}</ref> It is illegal to possess without a prescription pursuant to Part G (section G.01.002) of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act. | *'''Canada''': Methylphenidate is listed in Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (along with LSD, psychedelic mushrooms, and mescaline).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-32.html#h-28|title=SCHEDULE III|publisher=Department of Justice|access-date=December 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416090043/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-32.html#h-28|archive-date=April 16, 2011}}</ref> It is illegal to possess without a prescription pursuant to Part G (section G.01.002) of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act. | ||
*'''France''': Methylphenidate is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form.<ref>{{Citation | title=Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085/2020-11-20/}}</ref> | |||
*'''Germany''': Methylphenidate is a controlled substance under Anlage III of the BtMG. It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage III BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html}}</ref> | *'''Germany''': Methylphenidate is a controlled substance under Anlage III of the BtMG. It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage III BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html}}</ref> | ||
*'''New Zealand''': Methylphenidate is a 'Class B2 controlled substance'. Unlawful possession is punishable by six-month prison sentence and the distribution of it is punishable by a 14-year sentence.{{citation needed}} | *'''New Zealand''': Methylphenidate is a 'Class B2 controlled substance'. Unlawful possession is punishable by six-month prison sentence and the distribution of it is punishable by a 14-year sentence.{{citation needed}} | ||