DOC: Difference between revisions

 

DOC was first synthesized by a team at the University of Alberta in 1972.<ref>Coutts, Ronald T; Malicky, Jerry L. (1973). "The Synthesis of Some Analogs of the Hallucinogen 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM)". Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1973, 51(9): 1402-1409, 10.1139/v73-210 | http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v73-210</ref> However, its usage in humans was not popularized until the 1991 publication [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved") by [[Alexander Shulgin]].<ref name="PiHKAL">http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml</ref> Preceding this, a 1989 forensic analysis of designer amphetamine samples identified DOC in Canadian drug seizures.<ref>Brian A. Dawson & George A. Neville (1989) "Identification of Two New 'Designer' Amphetamines by NMR Techniques", Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, 22:2, 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.198</ref>

DOC was first synthesized by 1972 by Ronald Coutts and Jerry Malicky at the University of Alberta<ref>Coutts, Ronald T; Malicky, Jerry L. (1973). "The Synthesis of Some Analogs of the Hallucinogen 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM)". Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1973, 51(9): 1402-1409, 10.1139/v73-210 | http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v73-210</ref>. While human usage was popularized by the 1991 publication of its synthesis and pharmacology in [[PiHKAL]] ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved")<ref name="PiHKAL">http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal.shtml</ref> by [[Alexander Shulgin]], a 1989 forensic analysis of designer amphetamine samples identified DOC in Canadian drug seizures<ref>Brian A. Dawson & George A. Neville (1989) "Identification of Two New 'Designer' Amphetamines by NMR Techniques", Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, 22:2, 195-202, DOI: 10.1080/00085030.198 | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00085030.1989.10757433</ref>.

DOC or 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine, is a molecule of the [[substituted amphetamine]] class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH₂) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R_α. DOC contains methoxy functional groups OCH₃ attached to carbons R₂ and R₅ and a chlorine atom attached to carbon R₄ of the phenyl ring. DOC is the amphetamine analogue of the phenethylamine [[2C-C]].<ref>http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=pk&id=64</ref>

* [https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_DOC.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: DOC]

Medical literature reports multiple physical complications associated with the use of DOC.  An individual's cause of death was reported as DOC toxicity and confirmed with GC-MS in the Journal of Analytical Toxicology.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25217551/</ref> Seizures have been associated with the use of DOC in another medical journal.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25553227/</ref>

DOC is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.  

Tolerance to the effects of DOC are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOC presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of DOC all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}}

*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}}

*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}}

*'''Austria:''' DOC is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}}

*'''Brazil:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>

*'''Canada:''' DOC is Schedule I in Canada, making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess, without a valid legal exemption.<ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) | http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html</ref>

*'''China:''' As of October 2015 DOC is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>

*'''Denmark:''' DOC is a Schedule I drug in Denmark.{{citation needed}}

*'''Finland:''' DOC is illegal to possess, produce and sell in Finland.{{citation needed}}

*'''Germany:''' DOC is controlled under BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html</ref>

*'''Israel:''' The possession, production and sale is illegal.{{citation needed}}

*'''Latvia:''' DOC is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>

*'''New Zealand:''' DOC is a Class C drug in New Zealand.{{citation needed}}

*'''United Kingdom:''' DOC is considered a Class A drug as a result of the amphetamine analogue clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I</ref>

*'''United States:''' DOC is technically not scheduled in the United States, but could be considered an analogue of DOM or DOB and may therefore be considered a Schedule I drug under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}