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Alprazolam: Difference between revisions
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*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]''' - Due to alprazolam's heavy sedation and lethargy, doing any type of activity that requires moving, or high amounts of effort may be difficult to do, especially at higher doses. | *'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]''' - Due to alprazolam's heavy sedation and lethargy, doing any type of activity that requires moving, or high amounts of effort may be difficult to do, especially at higher doses. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
|{{effects/visual| | |{{effects/visual| | ||
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{{toxicity}} | {{toxicity}} | ||
[[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nutt, D.)), ((King, L. A.)), ((Saulsbury, W.)), ((Blakemore, C.)) | journal=The Lancet | title=Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse | volume=369 | issue=9566 | pages=1047–1053 | date=24 March 2007 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644 | issn=0140-6736 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4}}</ref>]] | [[File:harmchart.png|thumb|right|300px|Radar plot showing relative physical harm, social harm, and dependence of benzodiazepines in comparison to other drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nutt, D.)), ((King, L. A.)), ((Saulsbury, W.)), ((Blakemore, C.)) | journal=The Lancet | title=Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse | volume=369 | issue=9566 | pages=1047–1053 | date=24 March 2007 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644 | issn=0140-6736 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4}}</ref>]] | ||
Alprazolam has a [[Toxicity::low toxicity]] relative to dose.<ref name="Mandroili2008" /> However, it is [[Toxicity::potentially [[respiratory depression|lethal]] when mixed with [[depressants]] like [[alcohol]] or [[ | Alprazolam has a [[Toxicity::low toxicity]] relative to dose.<ref name="Mandroili2008" /> However, it is [[Toxicity::potentially [[respiratory depression|lethal]] when mixed with [[depressants]] like [[alcohol]], [[opioids]], or [[barbiturates]]]]. Resulting in increased [[Respiratory depression|respiratory depression]] via a synergistic effect.<ref>Weaver MF. Prescription Sedative Misuse and Abuse. Yale J Biol Med. 2015 Sep;88(3):247-56. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553644/ PMC free article]] [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26339207 PubMed]] </ref> | ||
It is strongly recommended that one use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | It is strongly recommended that one use [[harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. | ||
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*'''Austria''': Alprazolam is legal for medical use under the AMG (Arzneimittelgesetz Österreich) and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | *'''Austria''': Alprazolam is legal for medical use under the AMG (Arzneimittelgesetz Österreich) and illegal when sold or possessed without a prescription under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Czechia''': Alprazolam is a Schedule IV <ref>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:6b5e9beb-1d9b-11ea-95ab-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF</ref> (List 7) substance. Sold exclusively with a prescription "without a blue stripe" (§ 1, g), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref> | *'''Czechia''': Alprazolam is a Schedule IV <ref>https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:6b5e9beb-1d9b-11ea-95ab-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF</ref> (List 7) substance. Sold exclusively with a prescription "without a blue stripe" (§ 1, g), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463</ref> | ||
*'''France''': Alprazolam is a List I substance and is available for prescription.<ref>https://www.vidal.fr/medicaments/gammes/alprazolam-biogaran-11672.html</ref> It is illegal to buy without a prescription. | |||
*'''Germany''': Alprazolam is controlled under Anlage III BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule III'') as of August 1, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl186s1099.pdf|title=Zweite Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 26, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form, except preparations which contain up to 1 mg alprazolam in each dosage form.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html|title=Anlage III BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 26, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | *'''Germany''': Alprazolam is controlled under Anlage III BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule III'') as of August 1, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl186s1099.pdf|title=Zweite Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 26, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It can only be prescribed on a narcotic prescription form, except preparations which contain up to 1 mg alprazolam in each dosage form.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_iii.html|title=Anlage III BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 26, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Ireland''': Alprazolam is a Schedule 4 medicine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((eISB)) | title=Misuse Of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations | url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1993/si/342/made/en/print}}</ref> | *'''Ireland''': Alprazolam is a Schedule 4 medicine.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((eISB)) | title=Misuse Of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations | url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1993/si/342/made/en/print}}</ref> | ||
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*'''The Netherlands''': Alprazolam is a List 2 substance of the Opium Law<ref>{{Citation|title=Opiumwet, Lijst II (Dutch) | year=2023|url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2023-09-12#BijlageII}}</ref> and is available for prescription.{{citation needed}} | *'''The Netherlands''': Alprazolam is a List 2 substance of the Opium Law<ref>{{Citation|title=Opiumwet, Lijst II (Dutch) | year=2023|url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2023-09-12#BijlageII}}</ref> and is available for prescription.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United Kingdom''': Alprazolam is classified as a controlled drug and listed under Schedule IV, Part I (CD Benz POM) of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, allowing possession with a valid prescription. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 makes it illegal to possess the drug without a prescription and, for such purposes, it is classified as a Class C drug.<ref>{{Citation | title=Drugs licensing | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/drugs-licensing}}</ref> | *'''United Kingdom''': Alprazolam is classified as a controlled drug and listed under Schedule IV, Part I (CD Benz POM) of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, allowing possession with a valid prescription. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 makes it illegal to possess the drug without a prescription and, for such purposes, it is classified as a Class C drug.<ref>{{Citation | title=Drugs licensing | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/drugs-licensing}}</ref> | ||
*'''United States''': Alprazolam is a prescription medication assigned to Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act by the DEA.<ref | *'''United States''': Alprazolam is a prescription medication assigned to Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act by the DEA.<ref>DEA, Drug Scheduling | http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/index.html</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||