Naturally occurring sources: Difference between revisions

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{~~{mbox~~|~~type~~=~~notice~~|~~text~~=While the following list of plants can be beneficial for various purposes, it's important to note that some of these organisms may contain toxic substances in addition ~~(example: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_plants List of poisonous plants])~~, which may pose potential risks if ingested or handled improperly. Before incorporating any of these organisms into your home or garden, we strongly recommend conducting thorough research to understand the specific safety considerations and taking appropriate precautions, especially if you have children or pets.}}

{|

|-

| <div class="icon">[[File:Yellow-warning-sign1.svg|50px|link=]]</div> || <p class="title"><span style="color:#8B8000">'''Research safety before use'''</span></p>

While the following list of plants can be beneficial for various purposes, it's important to note that some of these organisms may contain toxic substances (especially those without articles) in addition, which may pose potential risks if ingested or handled improperly. Before incorporating any of these organisms into your home or garden, we strongly recommend conducting thorough research to understand the specific safety considerations and taking appropriate precautions, especially if you have children or pets. For more information see: Poisonous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_animals animals], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_fungus_species fungus], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_plants plants]. And [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deadly_fungus_species deadly fungus species].

</p>

|}

</div>

[[File:Biological_sources.png|300px|thumb|right|Artwork from the cover of Hallucinogenic Plants (A Golden Guide)]]

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<h4 class="media-heading">[[Deliriant]]s</h4>

*Bisabolol terpenes

<h5 class="media-heading">Muscarinic Antagonists</h5>

**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]

*Capsaicinoids

**Capsaicin

***Capsicum genus

*Flavinoids

**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]

*Grayanotoxin

**''Rhododendron ponticum'' nectar (mad honey) <~~ref>{{cite journal | vauthors~~=~~((Jansen, S. A.)), ((Kleerekooper, I.)), ((Hofman, Z. L. M.)), ((Kappen, I. F. P. M.)), ((Stary~~-Weinzinger, A.)), ((Heyden, M. A. G. van der)) | journal=Cardiovascular Toxicology | title=Grayanotoxin Poisoning: ‘Mad Honey Disease’ and Beyond | volume=12 | issue=3 | pages=208–215 | date= September 2012 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2 | issn=1530-7905 | doi=10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2}}</~~ref~~>

*Ledol

**Labrador tea

***''Rhododendron tomentosum''

***''Rhododendron groenlandicum''

***''Rhododendron neoglandulosum''

*[[Myristicin]]

**[[Anethum graveolens (botany) | ''Anethum graveolens'' (Dill)]]

**[[Apium graveolens (botany) | ''Apium graveolens'' (Celery)]]

**[[Carum carvi (botany) | ''Carum carvi'' (Caraway)]]

**[[Daucus carota (botany) | ''Daucus carota'' (Carrot)]]

**[[Ephedra sinica (botany) | ''Ephedra sinica'' (Ephedra)]]

**[[Foeniculum vulgare (botany) | ''Foeniculum vulgare'' (Fennel)]]

**[[Myristica fragrans (botany) | ''Myristica fragrans'' (Nutmeg)]]

**[[Pastinaca sativa (botany) | ''Pastinaca sativa'' (Parsnip)]]

**[[Perilla frutescens (botany) | ''Perilla frutescens'' (Beefsteak mint)]]

**[[Petroselinum crispum (botany) | ''Petroselinum crispum'' (Parsley)]]

*Platyphylline<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pomeroy, A. R.)), ((Raper, C.)) | journal=British Journal of Pharmacology | title=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: actions on muscarinic receptors in the guinea-pig ileum | volume=41 | issue=4 | pages=683–690 | date= April 1971 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07076.x | issn=00071188 | doi=10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07076.x}}</ref>

**''Senecio adnatus''<ref name="Senecio">{{Citation | title=Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs - 16th Edition | url=https://www.elsevier.com/books/meylers-side-effects-of-drugs/aronson/978-0-444-53717-1}}</ref>

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**Latua

***''Latua pubiflora''

<h5 class="media-heading">Atypical/Dubious</h5>

*[[Myristicin]]

**[[Anethum graveolens (botany) | ''Anethum graveolens'' (Dill)]]

**[[Apium graveolens (botany) | ''Apium graveolens'' (Celery)]]

**[[Apium nodiflorum (botany) | ''Apium nodiflorum '' (Fool's Watercress)]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>

**[[Carum carvi (botany) | ''Carum carvi'' (Caraway)]]

**[[Daucus carota (botany) | ''Daucus carota'' (Carrot)]]

**[[Ephedra sinica (botany) | ''Ephedra sinica'' (Ephedra)]]

**[[Foeniculum vulgare (botany) | ''Foeniculum vulgare'' (Fennel)]]

**[[Heracleum anisactis (botany) | ''Heracleum anisactis'' ]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>

**[[Heracleum pastinacifolium (botany) | ''Heracleum pastinacifolium'']]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>

**[[Myristica fragrans (botany) | ''Myristica fragrans'' (Nutmeg)]]

**[[Pastinaca sativa (botany) | ''Pastinaca sativa'' (Parsnip)]]

**[[Perilla frutescens (botany) | ''Perilla frutescens'' (Beefsteak mint)]]

**[[Petroselinum crispum (botany) | ''Petroselinum crispum'' (Parsley)]]

*Bisabolol terpenes

**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]

*Capsaicinoids

**Capsaicin

***Capsicum genus

*Flavinoids

**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]

*Grayanotoxin

**''Rhododendron ponticum'' nectar (mad honey) <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Jansen, S. A.)), ((Kleerekooper, I.)), ((Hofman, Z. L. M.)), ((Kappen, I. F. P. M.)), ((Stary-Weinzinger, A.)), ((Heyden, M. A. G. van der)) | journal=Cardiovascular Toxicology | title=Grayanotoxin Poisoning: ‘Mad Honey Disease’ and Beyond | volume=12 | issue=3 | pages=208–215 | date= September 2012 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2 | issn=1530-7905 | doi=10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2}}</ref>

*Ledol

**Labrador tea

***''Rhododendron tomentosum''

***''Rhododendron groenlandicum''

***''Rhododendron neoglandulosum''

</li></ul>

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***''Backhousia myrtifolia''

***''Canarium luzonicum''

***''Lagarostrobos franklinii''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deans, B.J.)),((De Salas. J)), ((Smith, J.A)),((Bissember, A.C)) | journal= Australian Journal of Chemistry |title= Natural Products Isolated from Endemic Tasmanian

Vascular Plants | volume= 71 | pages= 756-767 | date= 8 August 2018 | issn= 0004-9425 | url= https://www.publish.csiro.au/ch/ch18283 |doi=10.1071/CH18283}}</ref>

***''Melaleuca bracteata'' (only in certain chemotypes)<ref name="Brophy2013" />

***''Melaleuca squamophloia''

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***''Cinnamomum tamala''

***''Cinnamomum wilsoni''

***''Lagarostrobos franklinii''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deans, B.J.)),((De Salas. J)), ((Smith, J.A)),((Bissember, A.C)) | journal= Australian Journal of Chemistry |title= Natural Products Isolated from Endemic Tasmanian

Vascular Plants | volume= 71 | pages= 756-767 | date= 8 August 2018 | issn= 0004-9425 | url= https://www.publish.csiro.au/ch/ch18283 |doi=10.1071/CH18283}}</ref>

***''Laurus nobilis'' (Bay tree)

***''Illicium anisatum''

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***''Litoria'' Spp.

***''Rana'' Spp.

*Bufotoxins

*[[List of bufotoxins|Bufotoxins]]

**[[5-HO-DMT]] (bufotenin)

***Toads

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==External links==

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogenic_plants_in_Chinese_herbals Hallucinogenic plants in Chinese herbals (Wikipedia)]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants,_fungi,_and_animals List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals (Wikipedia)]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants List of psychoactive plants (Wikipedia)]

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[[Category:Substance-related lists]]

[[Category:Naturally-occurring substance|*]]

|}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{mbox|type=notice|text=While the following list of plants can be beneficial for various purposes, it's important to note that some of these organisms may contain toxic substances in addition (example: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_plants List of poisonous plants]), which may pose potential risks if ingested or handled improperly. Before incorporating any of these organisms into your home or garden, we strongly recommend conducting thorough research to understand the specific safety considerations and taking appropriate precautions, especially if you have children or pets.}}
+<div data-alert class="alert-box secondary radius" style="background-color: lightyellow; border-color: #8B8000">
+{|
+|-
+| <div class="icon">[[File:Yellow-warning-sign1.svg|50px|link=]]</div> ||  <p class="title"><span style="color:#8B8000">'''Research safety before use'''</span></p>
+While the following list of plants can be beneficial for various purposes, it's important to note that some of these organisms may contain toxic substances (especially those without articles) in addition, which may pose potential risks if ingested or handled improperly. Before incorporating any of these organisms into your home or garden, we strongly recommend conducting thorough research to understand the specific safety considerations and taking appropriate precautions, especially if you have children or pets. For more information see: Poisonous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_animals animals], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_fungus_species fungus], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poisonous_plants plants]. And [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deadly_fungus_species deadly fungus species].
+</p>
+|}
+</div>
 [[File:Biological_sources.png|300px|thumb|right|Artwork from the cover of Hallucinogenic Plants (A Golden Guide)]]
@@ Line 201: / Line 208: @@
 <li class="featured list-item">
 <h4 class="media-heading">[[Deliriant]]s</h4>
-*Bisabolol terpenes
+<h5 class="media-heading">Muscarinic Antagonists</h5>
-**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]
-*Capsaicinoids
-**Capsaicin
-***Capsicum genus
-*Flavinoids
-**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]
-*Grayanotoxin
-**''Rhododendron ponticum'' nectar (mad honey) <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Jansen, S. A.)), ((Kleerekooper, I.)), ((Hofman, Z. L. M.)), ((Kappen, I. F. P. M.)), ((Stary-Weinzinger, A.)), ((Heyden, M. A. G. van der)) | journal=Cardiovascular Toxicology | title=Grayanotoxin Poisoning: ‘Mad Honey Disease’ and Beyond | volume=12 | issue=3 | pages=208–215 | date= September 2012 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2 | issn=1530-7905 | doi=10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2}}</ref>
-*Ledol
-**Labrador tea
-***''Rhododendron tomentosum''
-***''Rhododendron groenlandicum''
-***''Rhododendron neoglandulosum''
-*[[Myristicin]]
-**[[Anethum graveolens (botany) | ''Anethum graveolens'' (Dill)]]
-**[[Apium graveolens (botany) | ''Apium graveolens'' (Celery)]]
-**[[Carum carvi (botany) | ''Carum carvi'' (Caraway)]]
-**[[Daucus carota (botany) | ''Daucus carota'' (Carrot)]]
-**[[Ephedra sinica (botany) | ''Ephedra sinica'' (Ephedra)]]
-**[[Foeniculum vulgare (botany) | ''Foeniculum vulgare'' (Fennel)]]
-**[[Myristica fragrans (botany) | ''Myristica fragrans'' (Nutmeg)]]
-**[[Pastinaca sativa (botany) | ''Pastinaca sativa'' (Parsnip)]]
-**[[Perilla frutescens (botany) | ''Perilla frutescens'' (Beefsteak mint)]]
-**[[Petroselinum crispum (botany) | ''Petroselinum crispum'' (Parsley)]]
 *Platyphylline<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Pomeroy, A. R.)), ((Raper, C.)) | journal=British Journal of Pharmacology | title=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: actions on muscarinic receptors in the guinea-pig ileum | volume=41 | issue=4 | pages=683–690 | date= April 1971 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07076.x | issn=00071188 | doi=10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07076.x}}</ref>
 **''Senecio adnatus''<ref name="Senecio">{{Citation | title=Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs - 16th Edition | url=https://www.elsevier.com/books/meylers-side-effects-of-drugs/aronson/978-0-444-53717-1}}</ref>
@@ Line 276: / Line 259: @@
 **Latua
 ***''Latua pubiflora''
+<h5 class="media-heading">Atypical/Dubious</h5>
+*[[Myristicin]]
+**[[Anethum graveolens (botany) | ''Anethum graveolens'' (Dill)]]
+**[[Apium graveolens (botany) | ''Apium graveolens'' (Celery)]]
+**[[Apium nodiflorum (botany) | ''Apium nodiflorum '' (Fool's Watercress)]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>
+**[[Carum carvi (botany) | ''Carum carvi'' (Caraway)]]
+**[[Daucus carota (botany) | ''Daucus carota'' (Carrot)]]
+**[[Ephedra sinica (botany) | ''Ephedra sinica'' (Ephedra)]]
+**[[Foeniculum vulgare (botany) | ''Foeniculum vulgare'' (Fennel)]]
+**[[Heracleum anisactis (botany) | ''Heracleum anisactis'' ]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>
+**[[Heracleum pastinacifolium (botany) | ''Heracleum pastinacifolium'']]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Seneme, E. F.)), ((dos Santos, D. C.)), ((Silva, E. M. R.)), ((Franco, Y. E. M.)), ((Longato, G. B.)) | journal= Molecules | title= Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=2021 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512857/ | doi=10.3390/molecules26195914}}</ref>
+**[[Myristica fragrans (botany) | ''Myristica fragrans'' (Nutmeg)]]
+**[[Pastinaca sativa (botany) | ''Pastinaca sativa'' (Parsnip)]]
+**[[Perilla frutescens (botany) | ''Perilla frutescens'' (Beefsteak mint)]]
+**[[Petroselinum crispum (botany) | ''Petroselinum crispum'' (Parsley)]]
+*Bisabolol terpenes
+**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]
+*Capsaicinoids
+**Capsaicin
+***Capsicum genus
+*Flavinoids
+**[[Chamomile (botany) | Chamomile]]
+*Grayanotoxin
+**''Rhododendron ponticum'' nectar (mad honey) <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Jansen, S. A.)), ((Kleerekooper, I.)), ((Hofman, Z. L. M.)), ((Kappen, I. F. P. M.)), ((Stary-Weinzinger, A.)), ((Heyden, M. A. G. van der)) | journal=Cardiovascular Toxicology | title=Grayanotoxin Poisoning: ‘Mad Honey Disease’ and Beyond | volume=12 | issue=3 | pages=208–215 | date= September 2012 | url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2 | issn=1530-7905 | doi=10.1007/s12012-012-9162-2}}</ref>
+*Ledol
+**Labrador tea
+***''Rhododendron tomentosum''
+***''Rhododendron groenlandicum''
+***''Rhododendron neoglandulosum''
 </li></ul>
@@ Line 621: / Line 633: @@
 ***''Backhousia myrtifolia''
 ***''Canarium luzonicum''
+***''Lagarostrobos franklinii''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deans, B.J.)),((De Salas. J)), ((Smith, J.A)),((Bissember, A.C)) | journal= Australian Journal of Chemistry |title= Natural Products Isolated from Endemic Tasmanian
+Vascular Plants | volume= 71 | pages= 756-767 | date= 8 August 2018 | issn= 0004-9425 | url= https://www.publish.csiro.au/ch/ch18283 |doi=10.1071/CH18283}}</ref>
 ***''Melaleuca bracteata'' (only in certain chemotypes)<ref name="Brophy2013" />
 ***''Melaleuca squamophloia''
@@ Line 629: / Line 643: @@
 ***''Cinnamomum tamala''
 ***''Cinnamomum wilsoni''
+***''Lagarostrobos franklinii''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deans, B.J.)),((De Salas. J)), ((Smith, J.A)),((Bissember, A.C)) | journal= Australian Journal of Chemistry |title= Natural Products Isolated from Endemic Tasmanian
+Vascular Plants | volume= 71 | pages= 756-767 | date= 8 August 2018 | issn= 0004-9425 | url= https://www.publish.csiro.au/ch/ch18283 |doi=10.1071/CH18283}}</ref>
 ***''Laurus nobilis'' (Bay tree)
 ***''Illicium anisatum''
@@ Line 833: / Line 849: @@
 ***''Litoria'' Spp.
 ***''Rana'' Spp.
-*Bufotoxins
+*[[List of bufotoxins|Bufotoxins]]
 **[[5-HO-DMT]] (bufotenin)
 ***Toads
@@ Line 978: / Line 994: @@
 ==External links==
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogenic_plants_in_Chinese_herbals Hallucinogenic plants in Chinese herbals (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants,_fungi,_and_animals List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychoactive_plants List of psychoactive plants (Wikipedia)]
@@ Line 1,001: / Line 1,018: @@
 [[Category:Substance-related lists]]
 [[Category:Naturally-occurring substance|*]]
-|}
 {{#set:Featured=true}}