Substituted amphetamines: Difference between revisions

>Tracer
m Added Phenmetrazine in List of substituted amphetamines
>Tracer
Added structures
 
(20 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[File:Substituted_amphetamine.svg|thumb|right|301px||Substitutive structure of an ''amphetamine'' molecule.]]
[[File:Substituted_amphetamine.svg|thumb|right|301px||Substitutive structure of an ''amphetamine'' molecule.]]
'''Substituted amphetamines''' (also known as '''amphetamines''') are a class of compounds with molecular structures based upon that the molecular structure of [[amphetamine]]. The class includes many [[Psychoactive substance index|psychoactive substances]], which typically produce [[stimulant]] effects, [[entactogen|entactogenic]] effects, and/or [[psychedelic]] effects.
'''Substituted amphetamines''' are a [[chemical class]] of organic compounds based upon the [[amphetamine]] chemical structure. The members of this class span a variety of pharmacological sub-classes, most prominently [[stimulants]] and [[entactogens]], but also some [[psychedelics]]. Examples of substituted amphetamines are [[amphetamine]] (itself), [[methamphetamine]], [[cathinone]], [[pyrovalerone]], [[MDMA]], and [[DOx]].  


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Line 10: Line 10:
Psychoactive substances of the substituted amphetamine class typically produce effects through [[dopamine|dopaminergic]], [[serotonin|serotonergic]], and [[norepinephrine|adrenergic]] pathways. Psychedelic effects can be attributed to action on the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]].{{citation needed}} Stimulant and entactogenic effects are due to their action as [[Releasing Agent|releasing agents]] of [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], [[epinephrine]] and [[norepinephrine]] or as [[Agonist#Agonists|agonists]] on the receptors of the previous neurotransmitters.{{citation needed}} The agonism of this set of receptors leads to an increased rate firing of the post-synaptic neuron, triggering both [[Thought acceleration|cognitive]] and [[Stimulation|physical stimulation]] within the user.{{citation needed}}
Psychoactive substances of the substituted amphetamine class typically produce effects through [[dopamine|dopaminergic]], [[serotonin|serotonergic]], and [[norepinephrine|adrenergic]] pathways. Psychedelic effects can be attributed to action on the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]].{{citation needed}} Stimulant and entactogenic effects are due to their action as [[Releasing Agent|releasing agents]] of [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], [[epinephrine]] and [[norepinephrine]] or as [[Agonist#Agonists|agonists]] on the receptors of the previous neurotransmitters.{{citation needed}} The agonism of this set of receptors leads to an increased rate firing of the post-synaptic neuron, triggering both [[Thought acceleration|cognitive]] and [[Stimulation|physical stimulation]] within the user.{{citation needed}}


== List of substituted amphetamines ==
==List of substituted amphetamines==
''Note: This list does not include [[Phenidate|phenidates]], [[Substituted cathinone|cathinones]], [[Substituted MDxx|MDxxs]], [[DOx|DOxs]], [[Benzofuran|Benzofurans]], or [[Substituted aminoindane|aminoindanes]].''
''Note: This list does not include [[Phenidate|phenidates]], [[Substituted cathinone|cathinones]], [[pyrrolidinophenone|pyrrolidinophenones]] [[MDxx|MDxxs]], [[DOx|DOxs]], [[benzofurans]] among other further substituted amphetamines.''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | '''Compound'''
! scope="col" |'''Compound'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>2</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>2</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>3</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>3</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>4</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>4</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>5</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>5</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>6</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>6</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>α</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>α</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | '''R<sub>β</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" |'''R<sub>β</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" | '''R<sub>N1</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" |'''R<sub>N1</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" | '''R<sub>N2</sub>'''
! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" |'''R<sub>N2</sub>'''
! scope="col" | '''Structure'''
! scope="col" |'''Structure'''
|-
|-
| [[Amphetamine]] || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:Amphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Amphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:Amphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[Methamphetamine]] || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Methamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Methamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Methamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Ethylamphetamine (''Etilamfetamine'') || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Ethylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Dextromethamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Dextromethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Propylamphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Propylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Levomethamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Levomethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Isopropylamphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> || [[File:Isopropylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Ethylamphetamine]] (''Etilamfetamine'')||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Ethylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[Bromo-DragonFLY]] || OCH=CH- || - || Br || OCH=CH- || - || H || H || H || H || [[File:Bromo-DragonFLY.svg|170px]]
|[[Propylamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Propylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[Lisdexamfetamine]] || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || COCH(NH<sub>2</sub>)(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> || [[File:Lisdexamfetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Isopropylamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>||[[File:Isopropylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Clobenzorex || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl || [[File:Clobenzorex.svg|170px]]
|[[Bromo-DragonFLY]]||OCH=CH-||-||Br||OCH=CH-||-||H||H||H||H||[[File:Bromo-DragonFLY.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Dimethylamphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Dimethylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Lisdexamfetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||COCH(NH<sub>2</sub>)(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>||[[File:Lisdexamfetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Selegiline || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>2</sub>CCH || [[File:Selegiline.svg|170px]]
|[[Fenethylline]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>||[[File:Fenethylline.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Benzphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> || [[File:Benzphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Clobenzorex]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl||[[File:Clobenzorex.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Ortetamine || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:Ortetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Dimethylamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Dimethylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 3-Methylamphetamine || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:3-Methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Selegiline]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||CH<sub>2</sub>CCH||[[File:Selegiline.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-Methylamphetamine || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-Methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Benzphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>||[[File:Benzphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-MMA || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4-Methylmethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[Ortetamine]]||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:Ortetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Xylopropamine || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:Xylopropamine.svg|170px]]
|[[3-Methylamphetamine]]||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:3-Methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| β-methylamphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || [[File:β-methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[4-Methylamphetamine]]||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-Methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| β-phenylmethamphetamine || H || H || H || H || H || H || C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:β-phenylmethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|[[3-MMA]]||H||CHз||H||H||H||H||H||H||CHз||[[File:3-Methylmethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[2-FA]] || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:2-FA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-MMA]]||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:4-Methylmethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[2-FMA]] || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:2-FMA.svg|170px]]
|[[Xylopropamine]]||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:Xylopropamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[2-FEA]] || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:2-FEA.svg|170px]]
|[[β-methylamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||[[File:β-methylamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[3-FA]] || H || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:3-FA.svg|170px]]
|[[β-phenylmethamphetamine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:β-phenylmethamphetamine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[3-FMA]] || H || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:3-FMA.svg|170px]]
|[[2-FA]]||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:2-FA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[3-FEA]] || H || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:3-FEA.svg|170px]]
|[[2-FMA]]||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:2-FMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Fenfluramine || H || CF<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:Fenfluramine.svg|170px]]
|[[2-FEA]]||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:2-FEA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| Norfenfluramine || H || CF<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:Norfenfluramine.svg|170px]]
|[[3-FA]]||H||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:3-FA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[4-FA]] || H || H || F || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-FA.svg|170px]]
|[[3-FMA]]||H||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:3-FMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[4-FMA]] || H || H || F || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4-FMA.svg|170px]]
|[[3-FEA]]||H||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:3-FEA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-CA || H || H || Cl || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-CA.svg|170px]]
|[[Fenfluramine]]||H||CF<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Fenfluramine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-BA || H || H || Br || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-BA.svg|170px]]
|[[Norfenfluramine]]||H||CF<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:Norfenfluramine.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-IA || H || H || I || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-IA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-FA]]||H||H||F||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-FA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| DCA || H || Cl || Cl || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:DCA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-FMA]]||H||H||F||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:4-FMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-HA || H || H || OH || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-HA.svg|170px]]
|[[3-CMA]]||H||H||H||Cl||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:3-CMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-HMA || H || H || OH || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:4-HMA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-CA]]||H||H||Cl||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-CA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 3,4-DHA || H || OH || OH || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:3,4-DHA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-BA]]||H||H||Br||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-BA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| OMA || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:OMA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-IA]]||H||H||I||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-IA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 3-MA || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:3-MA.svg|170px]]
|[[DCA]]||H||Cl||Cl||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:DCA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| MMMA || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:MMMA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-HA]]||H||H||OH||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-HA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| MMA || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:MMA.svg|170px]]
|[[4-HMA]]||H||H||OH||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:4-HMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[PMA]] || H || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:PMA.svg|171px]]
|[[3,4-DHA]]||H||OH||OH||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:3,4-DHA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[PMMA]] || H || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:PMMA.svg|171px]]
|[[OMA]]||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:OMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| PMEA || H || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || [[File:PMEA.svg|170px]]
|[[3-MA]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:3-MA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-ETA || H || H || OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-ETA.svg|170px]]
|[[MMMA]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:MMMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| [[TMA-6]] || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || OCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || [[File:TMA-6.svg|170px]]
|[[MMA]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:MMA.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
| 4-MTA || H || H || SCH<sub>3</sub> || H || H || H || H || H || H || [[File:4-MTA.svg|170px]]
|[[PMA]]||H||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:PMA.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| Cathine || H || H || H || H || H || H || OH || H || H || [[File:Cathine.svg|170px]]
|[[PMMA]]||H||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:PMMA.svg|171px]]
|-
|-
| Phenmetrazine || H || H || H || H || H || H || OCH<sub>2</sub>- || CH<sub>2</sub>- || H || [[File:Phenmetrazine.svg|170px]]
|[[PMEA]]||H||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:PMEA.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[4-ETA]]||H||H||OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-ETA.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[TMA]]||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:TMA-1.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[TMA-2]]||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:TMA-2.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[TMA-6]]||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||OCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||[[File:TMA-6.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[4-MTA]]||H||H||SCH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:4-MTA.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[5-API]]||H||CH=CH-||NH-||H||H||H||H||H||H||[[File:5-API.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[Cathine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||OH||H||H||[[File:Cathine.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[Pseudoephedrine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||OH||H||CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:Pseudoephedrine.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[Phenmetrazine]]||H||H||H||H||H||H||OCH<sub>2</sub>-||CH<sub>2</sub>-||H||[[File:Phenmetrazine.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[3-FPM]]||H||F||H||H||H||H||OCH<sub>2</sub>-||CH<sub>2</sub>-||H||[[File:3-FPM.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[PPAP]]||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||[[File:PPAP.svg|170px]]
|-
|[[Prolintane]]||H||H||H||H||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>||H||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-||CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-||[[File:Prolintane.svg|170px]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Phenethylamine]]
*[[Phenethylamine]]
Line 130: Line 155:


==External links==
==External links==
*[[wikipedia:Substituted amphetamine|Substituted amphetamine (Wikipedia)]]
*[[wikipedia:Substituted amphetamine|Substituted amphetamine (Wikipedia)]]


==References==
==References==
{{references}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Chemical class]]
[[Category:Amphetamine|*]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}