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{{Stub}} | {{Information/Antipsychotic}} | ||
'''Antipsychotics''' (also known as '''neuroleptics''' or '''major tranquilizers''')<ref> | {{Stub}}'''Antipsychotics''' (also known as '''neuroleptics''' or '''major tranquilizers''')<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Finkel, R.)), ((Clark, M. A.)), ((Cubeddu, L. X.)) | date= 2009 | title=Pharmacology | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | isbn=9780781771559}}</ref> are a class of psychiatric medication primarily used to manage [[psychosis]] (including [[Delusions|delusions]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[thought disorganization|disordered thought]]), particularly in [[wikipedia:schizophrenia|schizophrenia]], [[wikipedia:bipolar disorder|bipolar disorder]], and as an add on treatment in some cases of major depressive disorder. | ||
First generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second generation drugs, called atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently. The first atypical antipsychotic, [[clozapine]], was discovered in the 1950s and introduced clinically in the 1970s. Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's [[dopamine]] pathways; atypicals tend to act on [[serotonin]] receptors as well. | First generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second generation drugs, called atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently. The first atypical antipsychotic, [[clozapine]], was discovered in the 1950s and introduced clinically in the 1970s. Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's [[dopamine]] pathways; atypicals tend to act on [[serotonin]] receptors as well. | ||
Notable and relatively common adverse effects of antipsychotics include extrapyramidal symptoms (which involve motor control and are very serious), hyperprolactinaemia (primarily in typicals), weight gain and metabolic abnormalities (mostly in atypicals).<ref name = "SCZ">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288259-overview | title = Schizophrenia | | Notable and relatively common adverse effects of antipsychotics include extrapyramidal symptoms (which involve motor control and are very serious), hyperprolactinaemia (primarily in typicals), weight gain and metabolic abnormalities (mostly in atypicals).<ref name="SCZ">{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288259-overview | title = Schizophrenia | last1=Frankenburg|first1=F. R.|last2=Dunayevich|first2=E.|last3=Albucher|first3=R. C.|last4=Talavera|first4=F.| publisher = emedicine.medscape.com | accessdate = 2013-10-02 }}</ref> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
=== First- | ===First-generation (typical) antipsychotics=== | ||
* [[Chlorpromazine]] | |||
* [[Haloperidol]] | *[[Aceperone]] | ||
* [[Loxapine]] | *[[Acepromazine]] | ||
* [[Perphenazine]] | *[[Acetophenazine]] | ||
* [[Pimozide]] | *[[Azaperone]] | ||
* [[Sulphride]] | *[[Benperidol]] | ||
* [[Thioridazine]] | *[[Bromperidol]] | ||
=== Second- | *[[Chlorpromazine]] | ||
* [[Clozapine]] | *[[Chlorprothixene]] | ||
* [[Quetiapine]] | *[[Clopenthixol]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Cyamemazine]] | ||
* [[Risperidone]] | *[[Dixyrazine]] | ||
* [[Ziprasidone]] | *[[Droperidol]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Flupentixol]] | ||
* [[ | *[[Fluphenazine]] | ||
* [[Aripiprazole]] | *[[Fluspirilene]] | ||
* [[Brexpiprazole]] | *[[Haloperidol]] | ||
*[[Levomepromazine]] | |||
*[[Loxapine]] | |||
*[[Mesoridazine]] (Serentil) | |||
*[[Moperone]] | |||
*[[Penfluridol]] | |||
*[[Perazine]] | |||
*[[Pericyazine]] | |||
*[[Perphenazine]] | |||
*[[Pimozide]] | |||
*[[Pipamperone]] | |||
*[[Pipotiazine]] | |||
*[[Prochlorperazine]] | |||
*[[Promazine]] | |||
*[[Promethazine]] | |||
*[[Prothipendyl]] | |||
*[[Sulphride]] | |||
*[[Thioproperazine]] | |||
*[[Thioridazine]] | |||
*[[Thiothixene]] | |||
*[[Timiperone]] | |||
*[[Trifluoperazine]] | |||
*[[Triflupromazine]] | |||
===Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics=== | |||
*[[Amisulpride]] | |||
*[[Aripiprazole]] | |||
*[[Aripiprazole lauroxil]] (Aristada) | |||
*[[Brexpiprazole]] | |||
*[[Cariprazine]] | |||
*[[Clozapine]] | |||
*[[Iloperidone]] | |||
*[[Lurasidone]] | |||
*[[Lumateperone]] | |||
*[[Melperone]] | |||
*[[Nemonapride]] | |||
*[[Olanzapine]] | |||
*[[Paliperidone]] | |||
*[[Perospirone]] | |||
*[[Quetiapine]] | |||
*[[Remoxipride]] | |||
*[[Risperidone]] | |||
*[[Sultopride]] | |||
*[[Ziprasidone]] | |||
*[[Zuclopenthixol]] | |||
===Third-generation antipsychotics=== | |||
*Phenylpiperazines/quinolinones | |||
**[[Aripiprazole]] (Abilify) | |||
**[[Aripiprazole lauroxil]] (Abilify Maintena) | |||
**[[Brexpiprazole]] | |||
**[[Cariprazine]] | |||
*Benzisoxazoles/benzisothiazoles | |||
**Lurasidone (Latuda) | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[[wikipedia:Antipsychotic|Antipsychotic (Wikipedia)]] | *[[wikipedia:Antipsychotic|Antipsychotic (Wikipedia)]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Antipsychotic| ]] | |||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | |||