3-FPM: Difference between revisions

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'''3-Fluorophenmetrazine''' (also known as '''3F-Phenmetrazine''', '''PAL-593''', and '''3-FPM''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[Chemical class::phenylmorpholine]] class. 3-FPM is a derivative of [[phenmetrazine]], a once-popular stimulant substance that was clinically used as an anorectic in Europe in the 1950s.<ref>Kalant, Oriana Josseau (1966). The Amphetamines: Toxicity and Addiction. ISBN 0-398-02511-8.</ref> It produces its activity by increasing the levels of [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain.  

The synthesis and pharmacology of 3-FPM was first reported in a patent filed in 2011.<ref>Blough, B. E., Rothman, R., Landavazo, A., Page, K. M., & Decker, A. M. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,617,229. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.</ref> Reports of human use first surfaced in early 2015 after it appeared for sale on the online [[research chemical]] market.  

 

Very little data exists in medical literature about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-FPM. Due to the lack of information on its properties, it is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.  

3-Fluorophenmetrazine (3-FPM) is a synthetic molecule of the [[amphetamine]] family.  Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R_α. Amphetamines are alpha-methylated phenethylamines. 3-FPM contains a fluorine atom attached at R₃ of the phenyl ring. Additionally, part of its amphetamine skeleton is incorporated into a morpholine ring. At R₂ of its chain, an oxygen group is bound -- this oxygen group is linked by an ethyl chain to the terminal amine of the amphetamine chain to form a morpholine group. 3-FPM is a fluorinated derivative of [[phenmetrazine]].

|'''Compounds >'''<br>'''Neurotransmitters V'''||[[PAL-593]]||[[Phenmetrazine]]

  ||<ref>https://www.google.com/patents/US20130203752</ref>

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There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:

*'''Germany''': 3-FPM is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Israel''': 3-FPM is illegal to buy, sell or possess in Israel as of 2017.<ref>https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/Law01/P170_001.htm</ref>

*'''Switzerland''': 3-FPM was added to the list of controlled substances in December 2015.<ref>https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/official-compilation/2015/5093.pdf</ref>

*'''United Kingdom''': 3-FPM is illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>

*'''United States''': 3-FPM may be considered to be an analogue of phenmetrazine, a Schedule II drug, under the Federal Analogue Act if it is intended for human consumption.{{citation needed}}