Talk:Lithium: Difference between revisions

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~~Here's a Psychonaut Wiki page for Lithium following the template:~~

{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}

[[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]

**Lithium salts**, or **lithium** (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].

Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].

History and culture

## History and culture

Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.

Chemistry

## Chemistry

Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.

The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.

Pharmacology

## Pharmacology

Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:

• Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase

- Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase

• Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)

- Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)

• Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine

- Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine

• Effects on circadian rhythms

- Effects on circadian rhythms

• Neuroprotective effects through various pathways

- Neuroprotective effects through various pathways

Subjective effects

## Subjective effects

The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:

Positive

~~###~~ Positive

• Mood stabilization

- Mood stabilization

• Reduction in manic symptoms

- Reduction in manic symptoms

• Decreased suicidal ideation

- Decreased suicidal ideation

• Emotional regulation

- Emotional regulation

Neutral

• Emotional dampening

~~###~~ Neutral

• Reduced emotional reactivity

- Emotional dampening

• Mild cognitive dulling

- Reduced emotional reactivity

Negative

- Mild cognitive dulling

• Thirst

• Frequent urination

~~###~~ Negative

• Mild tremor

- Thirst

• Reduced creativity (reported by some users)

- Frequent urination

• Weight gain

- Mild tremor

Toxicity and harm potential

- Reduced creativity (reported by some users)

Risk factors

- Weight gain

• Narrow therapeutic window

• Regular blood monitoring required

## Toxicity and harm potential

• Kidney function must be monitored

• Dehydration risk

~~###~~ Risk factors

• Thyroid function impacts

- Narrow therapeutic window

Lethal dosage

- Regular blood monitoring required

- Kidney function must be monitored

- Dehydration risk

- Thyroid function impacts

~~###~~ Lethal dosage

The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:

- Severe tremor

• Severe tremor

- Confusion

• Confusion

- Seizures

• Seizures

- Kidney failure

• Kidney failure

- Coma

• Coma

- Death

• Death

Dangerous interactions

~~###~~ Dangerous interactions

Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.

SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

**Psychedelics** - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.

NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.

Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.

**SSRIs** - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

Legal status

**NSAIDs** - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.

**Diuretics** - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.

## Legal status

Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.

References

## References

[Include standard references]

[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]

[[Category:Prescription drugs]]

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

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-Here's a Psychonaut Wiki page for Lithium following the template:
 {{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
 {{SummarySheet}}
 {{SubstanceBox/Lithium}}
 [[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]
-**Lithium salts**, or **lithium** (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].
+Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].
+History and culture
-## History and culture
 Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.
+Chemistry
-## Chemistry
 Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.
 The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.
+Pharmacology
-## Pharmacology
 Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:
+	•	Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
-- Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
+	•	Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
-- Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
+	•	Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine
-- Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine
+	•	Effects on circadian rhythms
-- Effects on circadian rhythms
+	•	Neuroprotective effects through various pathways
-- Neuroprotective effects through various pathways
+Subjective effects
-## Subjective effects
 The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:
+Positive
-### Positive
+	•	Mood stabilization
-- Mood stabilization
+	•	Reduction in manic symptoms
-- Reduction in manic symptoms
+	•	Decreased suicidal ideation
-- Decreased suicidal ideation
+	•	Emotional regulation
-- Emotional regulation
+Neutral
+	•	Emotional dampening
-### Neutral
+	•	Reduced emotional reactivity
-- Emotional dampening
+	•	Mild cognitive dulling
-- Reduced emotional reactivity
+Negative
-- Mild cognitive dulling
+	•	Thirst
+	•	Frequent urination
-### Negative
+	•	Mild tremor
-- Thirst
+	•	Reduced creativity (reported by some users)
-- Frequent urination
+	•	Weight gain
-- Mild tremor
+Toxicity and harm potential
-- Reduced creativity (reported by some users)
+Risk factors
-- Weight gain
+	•	Narrow therapeutic window
+	•	Regular blood monitoring required
-## Toxicity and harm potential
+	•	Kidney function must be monitored
+	•	Dehydration risk
-### Risk factors
+	•	Thyroid function impacts
-- Narrow therapeutic window
+Lethal dosage
-- Regular blood monitoring required
-- Kidney function must be monitored
-- Dehydration risk
-- Thyroid function impacts
-### Lethal dosage
 The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:
-- Severe tremor
+	•	Severe tremor
-- Confusion
+	•	Confusion
-- Seizures
+	•	Seizures
-- Kidney failure
+	•	Kidney failure
-- Coma
+	•	Coma
-- Death
+	•	Death
+Dangerous interactions
-### Dangerous interactions
+Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.
+SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.
-**Psychedelics** - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.
+NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.
+Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.
-**SSRIs** - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.
+Legal status
-**NSAIDs** - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.
-**Diuretics** - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.
-## Legal status
 Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.
+References
-## References
 [Include standard references]
 [[Category:Mood stabilizers]]
 [[Category:Prescription drugs]]
 [[Category:Psychoactive substance]]