Talk:Lithium: Difference between revisions

(10 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)

Line 2:

[[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]

~~'''Lithium carbonate''', '''~~Lithium salts~~'''~~, or ~~'''~~lithium~~'''~~ (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical of the lithium salt chemical class. Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula LiC2O3. Note there are also forms of lithium sold as nutritional supplements '''Lithium orotate''', is a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of [[orotic acid]] and [[lithium]]. It is available as LiC5H3N2O4·H2O. Lithium aspartate is also sold as a supplement. It is a salt of aspartic acid and lithium.

Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].

~~Lithium carbonate~~ produces mood-stabilizing, ~~calming~~, and ~~dulling~~ effects when administered. ~~Lithium~~ is used ~~clinically for~~ bipolar disorder. Lithium has been reported ~~anecdotally~~ to potentially trigger ~~psychosis and severe seizures~~ when combined with psychedelics, ~~notably~~ [[LSD]].

History and culture

==History and culture==

Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.

~~{{historyStub}}~~

Chemistry

Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.

==Chemistry==

The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.

~~{{chemistry}}~~

Pharmacology

~~==Pharmacology==~~

Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:

~~{{pharmacology}}~~

• Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase

Lithium ~~has~~ a ~~complex pharmacology~~.

• Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)

~~==Subjective effects==~~

• Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine

~~{{EffectStub}}~~

• Effects on circadian rhythms

• Neuroprotective effects through various pathways

The ~~subjective~~ effects of lithium ~~are primarily mood stabilisation~~. The ~~onset~~ of ~~these effects are gradual~~ and ~~take place over weeks or months~~. ~~Long term users who respond report “normality”~~ and ~~partial or full resolution~~ of ~~symptoms~~ of ~~bipolar disorder or depression. Some users report a reduced emotional range~~ and ~~some reduction in creativity.~~

Subjective effects

The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:

~~Lithium has no obvious effects on a single dose within the therapeutic range. Doses above the therapeutic range do not produce positive effects.~~ Effects ~~include nausea, prickling sensation~~ on ~~the skin, headache progressing to confusion, delirium, coma and potentially death.~~

Positive

• Mood stabilization

~~===Experience reports===~~

• Reduction in manic symptoms

~~There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the~~ effects of ~~this compound within our [[experience index]]~~. ~~Additional experience reports can be found here~~:

• Decreased suicidal ideation

* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Pharms_Lithium.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lithium]

• Emotional regulation

Neutral

==Toxicity and harm potential==

• Emotional dampening

~~{{toxicity}}~~

• Reduced emotional reactivity

It is ~~strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance~~.

• Mild cognitive dulling

~~===Lethal dosage===~~

Negative

~~===Tolerance and addiction potential===~~

• Thirst

~~===~~Dangerous interactions~~===~~

• Frequent urination

~~{{DangerousInteractions}}~~

• Mild tremor

~~{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}~~

• Reduced creativity (reported by some users)

*'''[[Psychedelics~~]]'''~~ - ~~This combination has been reported by many users to cause~~ seizures and psychotic ~~breaks, notably with [[LSD]]~~. ~~At least one death has been reported to~~ be ~~triggered by the combination~~ of ~~LSD and~~ lithium.~~<ref>http://www~~.~~erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_health3.shtml</ref>~~

• Weight gain

Toxicity and harm potential

==Legal status==

Risk factors

~~{{LegalStub}}~~

• Narrow therapeutic window

• Regular blood monitoring required

~~==See also==~~

• Kidney function must be monitored

*[[Responsible use]]

• Dehydration risk

~~==External links==~~

• Thyroid function impacts

*[[wikipedia:Lithium (medication~~)|Lithium (medication) (Wikipedia)]]~~

Lethal dosage

The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:

~~==Literature==~~

• Severe tremor

==References==

• Confusion

• Seizures

• Kidney failure

[[Category:~~Psychoactive substance~~]][[Category:~~Proofread~~]][[Category:~~Approval~~]]

• Coma

• Death

Dangerous interactions

Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.

SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.

Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.

Legal status

Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.

References

[Include standard references]

[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]

[[Category:Prescription drugs]]

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SummarySheet}}
 {{SubstanceBox/Lithium}}
 [[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]
-'''Lithium carbonate''', '''Lithium salts''', or '''lithium''' (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical of the lithium salt chemical class. Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula LiC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Note there are also forms of lithium sold as nutritional supplements '''Lithium orotate''', is a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of [[orotic acid]] and [[lithium]]. It is available as LiC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O. Lithium aspartate is also sold as a supplement. It is a salt of aspartic acid and lithium.
+Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].
-Lithium carbonate produces mood-stabilizing, calming, and dulling effects when administered. Lithium is used clinically for bipolar disorder. Lithium has been reported anecdotally to potentially trigger psychosis and severe seizures when combined with psychedelics, notably [[LSD]].
+History and culture
-==History and culture==
+Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.
-{{historyStub}}
+Chemistry
+Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.
-==Chemistry==
+The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.
-{{chemistry}}
+Pharmacology
-==Pharmacology==
+Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:
-{{pharmacology}}
+	•	Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
-Lithium has a complex pharmacology.
+	•	Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
-==Subjective effects==
+	•	Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine
-{{EffectStub}}
+	•	Effects on circadian rhythms
+	•	Neuroprotective effects through various pathways
-The subjective effects of lithium are primarily mood stabilisation. The onset of these effects are gradual and take place over weeks or months. Long term users who respond report “normality” and partial or full resolution of symptoms of bipolar disorder or depression. Some users report a reduced emotional range and some reduction in creativity.
+Subjective effects
+The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:
-Lithium has no obvious effects on a single dose within the therapeutic range. Doses above the therapeutic range do not produce positive effects. Effects include nausea, prickling sensation on the skin, headache progressing to confusion, delirium, coma and potentially death.
+Positive
+	•	Mood stabilization
-===Experience reports===
+	•	Reduction in manic symptoms
-There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
+	•	Decreased suicidal ideation
-* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Pharms_Lithium.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Lithium]
+	•	Emotional regulation
+Neutral
-==Toxicity and harm potential==
+	•	Emotional dampening
-{{toxicity}}
+	•	Reduced emotional reactivity
-It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
+	•	Mild cognitive dulling
-===Lethal dosage===
+Negative
-===Tolerance and addiction potential===
+	•	Thirst
-===Dangerous interactions===
+	•	Frequent urination
-{{DangerousInteractions}}
+	•	Mild tremor
-{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
+	•	Reduced creativity (reported by some users)
-*'''[[Psychedelics]]''' - This combination has been reported by many users to cause seizures and psychotic breaks, notably with [[LSD]]. At least one death has been reported to be triggered by the combination of LSD and lithium.<ref>http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_health3.shtml</ref>
+	•	Weight gain
+Toxicity and harm potential
-==Legal status==
+Risk factors
-{{LegalStub}}
+	•	Narrow therapeutic window
+	•	Regular blood monitoring required
-==See also==
+	•	Kidney function must be monitored
-*[[Responsible use]]
+	•	Dehydration risk
-==External links==
+	•	Thyroid function impacts
-*[[wikipedia:Lithium (medication)|Lithium (medication) (Wikipedia)]]
+Lethal dosage
+The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:
-==Literature==
+	•	Severe tremor
-==References==
+	•	Confusion
-<references />
+	•	Seizures
+	•	Kidney failure
-[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]]
+	•	Coma
+	•	Death
+Dangerous interactions
+Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.
+SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.
+NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.
+Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.
+Legal status
+Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.
+References
+[Include standard references]
+[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]
+[[Category:Prescription drugs]]
+[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]