Talk:Lithium: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]

~~'''~~Lithium salts~~'''~~, or ~~'''~~lithium~~'''~~ (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical ~~of the lithium salt chemical class~~ that produces mood-stabilizing, ~~calming~~, and ~~dulling~~ effects when administered. ~~Lithium~~ is used ~~clinically for~~ bipolar disorder. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger ~~psychosis and severe seizures~~ when combined with psychedelics, ~~notably~~ [[LSD]].

Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].

==History and culture==

History and culture

~~{{historyStub}}~~

Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.

Chemistry

==Chemistry==

Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.

~~{{chemistry}}~~

The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.

~~==Pharmacology==~~

Pharmacology

~~{{pharmacology}}~~

Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:

Lithium ~~has~~ a complex ~~pharmacology~~.

• Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase

~~==Subjective effects==~~

• Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)

~~{{EffectStub}}~~

• Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine

• Effects on circadian rhythms

The ~~subjective effects~~ of lithium ~~are primarily mood stabilisation~~. ~~The onset~~ of ~~these effects are gradual~~ and ~~take place over weeks or months. Long term users who respond report “normality”~~ and ~~partial or full resolution~~ of ~~symptoms~~ of ~~bipolar disorder or depression. Some users report a reduced emotional range~~ and ~~some reduction in creativity.~~

• Neuroprotective effects through various pathways

Subjective effects

~~Lithium has no obvious~~ effects ~~on a single dose within the therapeutic range~~. ~~Doses above the therapeutic range do not produce positive~~ effects~~. Effects~~ include ~~nausea, prickling sensation on the skin, headache progressing to confusion, delirium, coma and potentially death.~~

The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:

Positive

==Toxicity and harm potential==

• Mood stabilization

~~{{toxicity}}~~

• Reduction in manic symptoms

It is ~~strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance~~.

• Decreased suicidal ideation

~~===Lethal dosage===~~

• Emotional regulation

~~===Tolerance and addiction potential===~~

Neutral

~~===~~Dangerous interactions~~===~~

• Emotional dampening

~~{{DangerousInteractions}}~~

• Reduced emotional reactivity

~~{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}~~

• Mild cognitive dulling

*'''[[Psychedelics~~]]'''~~ - ~~This combination has been reported by many users to cause~~ seizures and psychotic ~~breaks, notably with [[LSD]]~~. ~~At least one death has been reported to~~ be ~~triggered by the combination~~ of ~~LSD and~~ lithium.~~<ref>http://www~~.~~erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_health3.shtml</ref>~~

Negative

• Thirst

==Legal status==

• Frequent urination

~~{{LegalStub}}~~

• Mild tremor

• Reduced creativity (reported by some users)

~~==See also==~~

• Weight gain

*[[Responsible use]]

Toxicity and harm potential

~~==External links==~~

Risk factors

*[[wikipedia:Lithium (medication~~)|Lithium (medication) (Wikipedia)]]~~

• Narrow therapeutic window

• Regular blood monitoring required

~~==Literature==~~

• Kidney function must be monitored

==References==

• Dehydration risk

• Thyroid function impacts

Lethal dosage

[[Category:~~Psychoactive substance~~]][[Category:~~Proofread~~]][[Category:~~Approval~~]]

The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:

• Severe tremor

• Confusion

• Seizures

• Kidney failure

• Coma

• Death

Dangerous interactions

Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.

SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.

NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.

Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.

Legal status

Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.

References

[Include standard references]

[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]

[[Category:Prescription drugs]]

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{SummarySheet}}
 {{SubstanceBox/Lithium}}
 [[File:Lithium carbonate.svg|350px|thumbnail|right|The structure of the carbonate of lithium, lithium carbonate.]]
-'''Lithium salts''', or '''lithium''' (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical of the lithium salt chemical class that produces mood-stabilizing, calming, and dulling effects when administered. Lithium is used clinically for bipolar disorder. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger psychosis and severe seizures when combined with psychedelics, notably [[LSD]].
+Lithium salts, or lithium (sold as many salts of the lithium ion and under many trade names, such as Eskalith, Lithobid, and Carbolith) is a widely-prescribed mood-stabilizing pharmaceutical that produces mood-stabilizing, emotional dampening, and anti-manic effects when administered. It is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and severe depression. Lithium has been reported to potentially trigger dangerous interactions when combined with psychedelics, particularly [[LSD]].
-==History and culture==
+History and culture
-{{historyStub}}
+Lithium's mood-stabilizing properties were first discovered in 1949 by John Cade, an Australian psychiatrist. It became the first medication specifically approved for the treatment of mania in 1970 by the FDA. Despite being one of the oldest psychiatric medications still in widespread use, its precise mechanism of action remains incompletely understood.
+Chemistry
-==Chemistry==
+Lithium is typically administered as a salt, most commonly lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) or lithium citrate. The therapeutic effects come from the lithium ion (Li⁺). Unlike most psychiatric medications, lithium is an element rather than a complex organic molecule.
-{{chemistry}}
+The therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, requiring regular blood monitoring to maintain safe and effective levels, typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.
-==Pharmacology==
+Pharmacology
-{{pharmacology}}
+Lithium's mechanism of action is complex and multifaceted, including:
-Lithium has a complex pharmacology.
+	•	Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase
-==Subjective effects==
+	•	Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
-{{EffectStub}}
+	•	Modulation of neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and dopamine
+	•	Effects on circadian rhythms
-The subjective effects of lithium are primarily mood stabilisation. The onset of these effects are gradual and take place over weeks or months. Long term users who respond report “normality” and partial or full resolution of symptoms of bipolar disorder or depression. Some users report a reduced emotional range and some reduction in creativity.
+	•	Neuroprotective effects through various pathways
+Subjective effects
-Lithium has no obvious effects on a single dose within the therapeutic range. Doses above the therapeutic range do not produce positive effects. Effects include nausea, prickling sensation on the skin, headache progressing to confusion, delirium, coma and potentially death.
+The effects of lithium develop gradually over weeks. Common subjective effects include:
+Positive
-==Toxicity and harm potential==
+	•	Mood stabilization
-{{toxicity}}
+	•	Reduction in manic symptoms
-It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
+	•	Decreased suicidal ideation
-===Lethal dosage===
+	•	Emotional regulation
-===Tolerance and addiction potential===
+Neutral
-===Dangerous interactions===
+	•	Emotional dampening
-{{DangerousInteractions}}
+	•	Reduced emotional reactivity
-{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
+	•	Mild cognitive dulling
-*'''[[Psychedelics]]''' - This combination has been reported by many users to cause seizures and psychotic breaks, notably with [[LSD]]. At least one death has been reported to be triggered by the combination of LSD and lithium.<ref>http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_health3.shtml</ref>
+Negative
+	•	Thirst
-==Legal status==
+	•	Frequent urination
-{{LegalStub}}
+	•	Mild tremor
+	•	Reduced creativity (reported by some users)
-==See also==
+	•	Weight gain
-*[[Responsible use]]
+Toxicity and harm potential
-==External links==
+Risk factors
-*[[wikipedia:Lithium (medication)|Lithium (medication) (Wikipedia)]]
+	•	Narrow therapeutic window
+	•	Regular blood monitoring required
-==Literature==
+	•	Kidney function must be monitored
-==References==
+	•	Dehydration risk
-<references />
+	•	Thyroid function impacts
+Lethal dosage
-[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Category:Proofread]][[Category:Approval]]
+The lethal dose is approximately 5-10 grams for most lithium salts, though toxicity can occur at lower doses. Symptoms of toxicity include:
+	•	Severe tremor
+	•	Confusion
+	•	Seizures
+	•	Kidney failure
+	•	Coma
+	•	Death
+Dangerous interactions
+Psychedelics - Particularly dangerous with LSD, with reports of seizures and psychotic episodes. Combination should be avoided.
+SSRIs - May increase risk of serotonin syndrome.
+NSAIDs - Can increase lithium levels to toxic range.
+Diuretics - Can dangerously alter lithium levels.
+Legal status
+Lithium is a prescription-only medication in most countries. It is not scheduled under international drug control conventions.
+References
+[Include standard references]
+[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]
+[[Category:Prescription drugs]]
+[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]