Melatonin: Difference between revisions

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Melatonin is commonly used as a medication for insomnia; however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to prove any benefit in this area.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brasure, M.)), ((MacDonald, R.)), ((Fuchs, E.)), ((Olson, C. M.)), ((Carlyle, M.)), ((Diem, S.)), ((Koffel, E.)), ((Khawaja, I. S.)), ((Ouellette, J.)), ((Butler, M.)), ((Kane, R. L.)), ((Wilt, T. J.)) | date= 2015 | title=Management of Insomnia Disorder | publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | series=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343503/}}</ref> It is sold over-the-counter in most pharmacies within the United States and Canada. In other countries, it may require a prescription or not be available.

It should be noted that when purchasing melatonin, dosages may range from 3 - 10mg. While not dangerous, this dosage range is well beyond the effective dose of .25 mg, and may increase instances of drowsiness the next day.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mundey, K.)), ((Benloucif, S.)), ((Harsanyi, K.)), ((Dubocovich, M. L.)), ((Zee, P. C.)) | journal=Sleep | title=Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=1271–1278 | date= October 2005 | issn=0161-8105 | doi=10.1093/sleep/28.10.1271}}</ref> In the United States, some melatonin gummy supplements have varied from 74% to 374% of the stated amount.<ref>Cohen, P. A., Avula, B., Wang, Y., Katragunta, K., & Khan, I. (2023). Quantity of melatonin and CBD in melatonin gummies sold in the US. ''JAMA'', ''329''(16), 1401. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier doi]:[https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.2296 10.1001/jama.2023.2296]. <br /></ref>

It should be noted that when purchasing melatonin, dosages may range from 3 - 10mg. While not dangerous, this dosage range is well beyond the effective dose of .25 mg, and may increase instances of drowsiness the next day.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mundey, K.)), ((Benloucif, S.)), ((Harsanyi, K.)), ((Dubocovich, M. L.)), ((Zee, P. C.)) | journal=Sleep | title=Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=1271–1278 | date= October 2005 | issn=0161-8105 | doi=10.1093/sleep/28.10.1271}}</ref>

==Chemistry==

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*'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' - Regarding its effects on the user's physical energy levels, melatonin is commonly considered to facilitate sleepiness. It is often used and sold as a sleep aid and mimics one's natural circadian cycle.

*'''[[Effect::Anxiety Suppression or Anxiety]]''' - Although this substance decreases anxiety with most people, it can also cause anxiety by some.

*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is ~~extremely~~ effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is ~~very~~ common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming.

*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming.

*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' - Depersonalization can present itself upon the come-up and persist well into the next day if the user has ingested a massive dose.

*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]''' Irritability is only present at high dosages when the user resists the urge to sleep.

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 Melatonin is commonly used as a medication for insomnia; however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to prove any benefit in this area.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Brasure, M.)), ((MacDonald, R.)), ((Fuchs, E.)), ((Olson, C. M.)), ((Carlyle, M.)), ((Diem, S.)), ((Koffel, E.)), ((Khawaja, I. S.)), ((Ouellette, J.)), ((Butler, M.)), ((Kane, R. L.)), ((Wilt, T. J.)) | date= 2015 | title=Management of Insomnia Disorder | publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | series=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343503/}}</ref> It is sold over-the-counter in most pharmacies within the United States and Canada. In other countries, it may require a prescription or not be available.
-It should be noted that when purchasing melatonin, dosages may range from 3 - 10mg. While not dangerous, this dosage range is well beyond the effective dose of .25 mg, and may increase instances of drowsiness the next day.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mundey, K.)), ((Benloucif, S.)), ((Harsanyi, K.)), ((Dubocovich, M. L.)), ((Zee, P. C.)) | journal=Sleep | title=Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=1271–1278 | date= October 2005 | issn=0161-8105 | doi=10.1093/sleep/28.10.1271}}</ref> In the United States, some melatonin gummy supplements have varied from 74% to 374% of the stated amount.<ref>Cohen, P. A., Avula, B., Wang, Y., Katragunta, K., & Khan, I. (2023). Quantity of melatonin and CBD in melatonin gummies sold in the US. ''JAMA'', ''329''(16), 1401. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier doi]:[https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.2296 10.1001/jama.2023.2296]. <br /></ref>
+It should be noted that when purchasing melatonin, dosages may range from 3 - 10mg. While not dangerous, this dosage range is well beyond the effective dose of .25 mg, and may increase instances of drowsiness the next day.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mundey, K.)), ((Benloucif, S.)), ((Harsanyi, K.)), ((Dubocovich, M. L.)), ((Zee, P. C.)) | journal=Sleep | title=Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=1271–1278 | date= October 2005 | issn=0161-8105 | doi=10.1093/sleep/28.10.1271}}</ref>
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Sleepiness]]''' - Regarding its effects on the user's physical energy levels, melatonin is commonly considered to facilitate sleepiness. It is often used and sold as a sleep aid and mimics one's natural circadian cycle.
 *'''[[Effect::Anxiety Suppression or Anxiety]]''' - Although this substance decreases anxiety with most people, it can also cause anxiety by some.
-*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is extremely effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is very common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming.
+*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]''' - Melatonin is effective at increasing the duration, occurrence, and vividness of dreams. It is common for people to note that their dreams had noticeably increased the morning after ingesting melatonin as a sleep aid. Melatonin is sometimes used to increase the chances of lucid dreaming.
 *'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]''' - Depersonalization can present itself upon the come-up and persist well into the next day if the user has ingested a massive dose.
 *'''[[Effect::Irritability]]''' Irritability is only present at high dosages when the user resists the urge to sleep.