Talk:Tilidine: Difference between revisions

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 {{SummarySheet}}
-Tilidine is a synthetic [[opioid]] analgesic, popular in Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland.
+'''Tilidine''' (known under brand names including '''Valoron''', '''Valtran''', '''Tilicomp''') is a synthetic [[opioid]] analgesic. Tilidine is mainly used in some European countries such as Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and also South Africa. As is the case with other opioids, it is also commonly used as a recreational drug.{{citation needed}}
+==Pharmacology==
+Tilidine itself is only a weak µ-opioid agonist. Its pharmacological activity when administered is mediated by its active major metabolite nortilidine, which is further metabolised to the also active bisnortilidine. Tilidine is therefore a prodrug. The demethylation of tilidine to nortilidine and bisnortilidine occures in the liver and is catalysed  by the Cytochrome P450 family of enzymes, mainly by CYP3A4 CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. <ref>J. Weiss, E. Sawa, K.-D. Riedel, W. E. Haefeli, G. Mikus: In vitro metabolism of the opioid tilidine and interaction of tilidine and nortilidine with CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6. In: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 378, 2008, S. 275–282, doi:10.1007/s00210-008-0294-7.</ref>
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 12: / Line 15: @@
 |{{effects/physical|
-[[Subjective effect index#Physical effects|here]].
 *'''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
+*'''[[Pain relief]]'''
+*'''[[Itchiness]]'''
+*'''[[Constipation]]'''
+*'''[[Cough suppression]]'''
+*'''[[Decreased libido]]'''
+*'''[[Difficulty urinating]]'''
+*'''[[Nausea]]'''
+*'''[[Stomach cramps]]'''
+*'''[[Pupil constriction]]'''
+*'''[[Orgasm suppression]]'''
 }}
 |{{effects/cognitive|
-[[Subjective effect index#Cognitive effects|here]].
+*'''[[Cognitive euphoria]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Euphoria]]'''
+*'''[[Anxiety suppression]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Emotional numbing]]'''
+*'''[[Compulsive redosing]]'''
+*'''[[Dream potentiation]]'''
+*'''[[Increased music appreciation]]'''
+}}
 }}
-{{effects/auditory|
-[[Subjective effect index#Auditory effects|here]].
-*'''[[Effect::less intense audio stimulation]]'''
-}}}}
 ==Toxicity and harm potential==
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 ==See also==
 *[[Responsible use]]
 ==External links==
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilidine (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilidine Tilidine (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/10836 Tilidine (Isomer Design)]
+*[https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB13787 Tilidine (DrugBank)]
+*[https://www.apotheken-umschau.de/medikamente/beipackzettel/tilidin-comp-stada-50-mg4-mg-retardtabletten-2003310.html Tilidin (Offical German pharmacy Journal)]
 ==References==