4F-MPH: Difference between revisions

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The two substances are believed to have very similar pharmacological mechanisms as [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitors]] but have been reported to display distinctive [[subjective effects index|subjective effects]], with 4F-MPH being considered significantly more euphoric and recreational. Anecdotal reports suggest that it is considerably more potent with fewer uncomfortable side effects such as [[anxiety]], [[muscle spasms]] and [[compulsive redosing]].<ref>http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH)</ref> This perhaps owes to the fact that it has been shown to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] reuptake inhibitor than the parent compound methylphenidate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and Pharmacology of Potential Cocaine Antagonists. 2. Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Aromatic Ring-Substituted Methylphenidate Analogs | volume=39 | issue=6 | pages=1201–1209 | date=15 March 1996 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950697c | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm950697c}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Massey, A. T.)), ((Holtzman, S. G.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Biochemical and behavioral characterization of novel methylphenidate analogs | volume=301 | issue=2 | pages=527–535 | date= May 2002 | issn=0022-3565 | doi=10.1124/jpet.301.2.527}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Davies, H. M. L.)), ((Hopper, D. W.)), ((Hansen, T.)), ((Liu, Q.)), ((Childers, S. R.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | volume=14 | issue=7 | pages=1799–1802 | date=5 April 2004 | issn=0960-894X | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.097}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Misra, M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Ye, X.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Bu, W.)), ((Liu, Z.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Venanzi, C. A.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | title=Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs | volume=18 | issue=20 | pages=7221–7238 | date=15 October 2010 | issn=1464-3391 | doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.034}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Singh, S.)) | journal=Chemical Reviews | title=Chemistry, Design, and Structure−Activity Relationship of Cocaine Antagonists | volume=100 | issue=3 | pages=925–1024 | date=1 March 2000 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9700538 | issn=0009-2665 | doi=10.1021/cr9700538}}</ref>

4F-MPH has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] ~~and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets~~. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom on April 2015 following a temporary blanket ban. Shortly after, it became available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution.

4F-MPH has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]]. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom on April 2015 following a temporary blanket ban. Shortly after, it became available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution.

Due to its potent, long-lasting stimulant effect, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance.

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==Pharmacology==

4F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine and norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

4F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

According to a pharmacological evaluation, the ''(±)-threo'' isomer of 4F-MPH is 2.15 times more effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition, and 2.7 times more at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, than its parent compound methylphenidate. The ''(±)-erythro'' isomer, however, is 65 times less effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition and 45.6 times less effective at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition than methylphenidate. Neither racemate of 4F-MPH has a significant impact on serotonin reuptake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((McLaughlin, G.)), ((Morris, N.)), ((Kavanagh, P. V.)), ((Power, J. D.)), ((Dowling, G.)), ((Twamley, B.)), ((O’Brien, J.)), ((Hessman, G.)), ((Murphy, B.)), ((Walther, D.)), ((Partilla, J. S.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) and differentiation between the (±)- threo and (±)- erythro diastereomers: Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=347–357 | date= March 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2167 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2167}}</ref>

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*'''Germany''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate was controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref>, but has been accidentally legalized in September 2022. It is considered to be legal again.

*'''Italy''': 4F-MPH is a schedule I substance and is illegal to possess, produce, sell and buy.

*'''Switzerland''': 4F-MPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>

*'''Turkey:''' 4F-MPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref>

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[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

[[Category:Phenidate]]

[[Category:Research chemical]]

[[Category:Stimulant]]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 The two substances are believed to have very similar pharmacological mechanisms as [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitors]] but have been reported to display distinctive [[subjective effects index|subjective effects]], with 4F-MPH being considered significantly more euphoric and recreational. Anecdotal reports suggest that it is considerably more potent with fewer uncomfortable side effects such as [[anxiety]], [[muscle spasms]] and [[compulsive redosing]].<ref>http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/770658-4-Fluoromethylphenidate-(4F-MPH)</ref> This perhaps owes to the fact that it has been shown to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] reuptake inhibitor than the parent compound methylphenidate.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)) | journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | title=Synthesis and Pharmacology of Potential Cocaine Antagonists. 2. Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Aromatic Ring-Substituted Methylphenidate Analogs | volume=39 | issue=6 | pages=1201–1209 | date=15 March 1996 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950697c | issn=0022-2623 | doi=10.1021/jm950697c}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Massey, A. T.)), ((Holtzman, S. G.)) | journal=The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | title=Biochemical and behavioral characterization of novel methylphenidate analogs | volume=301 | issue=2 | pages=527–535 | date= May 2002 | issn=0022-3565 | doi=10.1124/jpet.301.2.527}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Davies, H. M. L.)), ((Hopper, D. W.)), ((Hansen, T.)), ((Liu, Q.)), ((Childers, S. R.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | volume=14 | issue=7 | pages=1799–1802 | date=5 April 2004 | issn=0960-894X | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.097}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Misra, M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Ye, X.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Bu, W.)), ((Liu, Z.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Venanzi, C. A.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | title=Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs | volume=18 | issue=20 | pages=7221–7238 | date=15 October 2010 | issn=1464-3391 | doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.034}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Singh, S.)) | journal=Chemical Reviews | title=Chemistry, Design, and Structure−Activity Relationship of Cocaine Antagonists | volume=100 | issue=3 | pages=925–1024 | date=1 March 2000 | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9700538 | issn=0009-2665 | doi=10.1021/cr9700538}}</ref>
-F-MPH has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] and has yet to be documented being sold on the streets. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom on April 2015 following a temporary blanket ban. Shortly after, it became available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution.
+F-MPH has an extremely short history of [[recreational drug use|recreational use]]. It was initially developed as a replacement for [[ethylphenidate]] which became illegal in the United Kingdom on April 2015 following a temporary blanket ban. Shortly after, it became available for sale on the online gray market as a [[research chemical]] for global distribution.
 Due to its potent, long-lasting stimulant effect, likely habit-forming properties as well as unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction]] practices if choosing to use this substance.
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Pharmacology==
 {{Stub}}
-F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine and norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
+F-MPH is thought to act primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these catecholamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the reward pathways in the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
 According to a pharmacological evaluation, the ''(±)-threo'' isomer of 4F-MPH is 2.15 times more effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition, and 2.7 times more at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, than its parent compound methylphenidate. The ''(±)-erythro'' isomer, however, is 65 times less effective at dopamine reuptake inhibition and 45.6 times less effective at norepinephrine reuptake inhibition than methylphenidate. Neither racemate of 4F-MPH has a significant impact on serotonin reuptake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((McLaughlin, G.)), ((Morris, N.)), ((Kavanagh, P. V.)), ((Power, J. D.)), ((Dowling, G.)), ((Twamley, B.)), ((O’Brien, J.)), ((Hessman, G.)), ((Murphy, B.)), ((Walther, D.)), ((Partilla, J. S.)), ((Baumann, M. H.)), ((Brandt, S. D.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoromethylphenidate (4F-MPH) and differentiation between the (±)- threo and (±)- erythro diastereomers: Analytical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of 4-fluoromethylphenidate | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=347–357 | date= March 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2167 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2167}}</ref>
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 *'''Germany''': 4-Fluoromethylphenidate was controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref>, but has been accidentally legalized in September 2022. It is considered to be legal again.
+*'''Italy''': 4F-MPH is a schedule I substance and is illegal to possess, produce, sell and buy.
 *'''Switzerland''': 4F-MPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
 *'''Turkey:''' 4F-MPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref>
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 <references />
+[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
 [[Category:Phenidate]]
 [[Category:Research chemical]]
 [[Category:Stimulant]]