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Methoxetamine: Difference between revisions

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{{Distinguish|Methoxmetamine}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/MXE}}
{{SubstanceBox/Methoxetamine}}


'''3-MeO-2'-Oxo-PCE''' (commonly known as '''Methoxetamine''', '''MXE''', '''Mexxy''', among others) is a [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[dissociative]] and [[hallucinogenic]] effects when [[administered]]. It is an analog of [[ketamine]] that also contains structural features of [[PCE]] and [[3-MeO-PCP]].  
'''3-MeO-2'-Oxo-PCE''' (commonly known as '''Methoxetamine''', '''MXE''', '''Mexxy''', among others) is a [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[ketamine|ketamine-like]] [[dissociative]] effects when [[administered]]. It is structurally related to [[ketamine]], [[PCE]], and [[3-MeO-PCP]].<ref name="ACMDMXE2012">{{Citation | title=Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) Methoxetamine report, 2012 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advisory-council-on-the-misuse-of-drugs-acmd-methoxetamine-report-2012}}</ref>
<ref>MXE Binding profile | http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/acmd1/methoxetamine2012?view=Binary</ref>


This substance was originally developed as a [[research chemical]] through the use of intelligent drug design, as a potential treatment for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_pain Phantom Limb Syndrome] among other ailments.<ref>Interview with a ketamine chemist | https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2</ref>  
MXE was originally developed through the use of intelligent drug design, as a potential treatment for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_pain Phantom Limb Syndrome] among other ailments.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Morris, H.)) | year=2011 | title=Interview with a Ketamine Chemist | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ppzgk9/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2}}</ref>  


MXE had almost no history of human usage and was first identified by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, which monitors the Internet for new psychoactive substances within the European Union, in November 2010. By July 2011, they had identified 58 websites selling the compound at the cost of 145–195 euros for 10 grams.<ref>Online sales of new psychoactive substances/‘legal highs’ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_143801_EN_SnapshotSummary.pdf</ref>  
MXE had no documented history of human usage until it was first identified by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in November 2010. By July 2011, they had identified 58 websites selling the compound at the cost of 145–195 euros for 10 grams.<ref>Online sales of new psychoactive substances/‘legal highs’ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_143801_EN_SnapshotSummary.pdf</ref> Once highly popular, it is now thought to be extinct on the online [[research chemical]] market due to the global ban of the drug.
 
Today, MXE is used as a [[recreational drug]] and [[entheogen]]. It is rarely sold on the streets and almost exclusively distributed as a grey area [[research chemical]] by online vendors.  


Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MXE in humans, and it has a limited history of human use. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.  
Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MXE in humans, and it has a limited history of human use. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.  
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
MXE acts as a non-competitive [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] and [[serotonin]]-[[Reuptake Inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]].<ref name="MXE Binding Profile">[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/acmd1/methoxetamine2012?view=Binary "ACMD Methoxetamine Report (2012)"]. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. October 2012. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 6 February 2013.</ref> NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole].” MXE was reported to be similar to [[Ketamine|ketamine]] <ref>Kjellgren, A., & Jonsson, K. (2013). Methoxetamine (MXE)--a phenomenological study of experiences induced by a {\dq}legal high{\dq} from the internet. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(3), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.803647</ref>, despite being stronger and having a longer duration. <ref>Coppola, M., & Mondola, R. (2012). Methoxetamine: From drug of abuse to rapid-acting antidepressant. Medical Hypotheses, 79(4), 504–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.002</ref>
MXE acts as a non-competitive [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] and [[serotonin]]-[[Reuptake Inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]].<ref name="ACMDMXE2012" /> NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole].” MXE was reported to be similar to [[Ketamine|ketamine]] <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Kjellgren, A.)), ((Jonsson, K.)) | journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | title=Methoxetamine (MXE) – A Phenomenological Study of Experiences Induced by a “Legal High” from the Internet | volume=45 | issue=3 | pages=276–286 | date=1 July 2013 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2013.803647 | issn=0279-1072 | doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.803647}}</ref>, despite being stronger and having a longer duration. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Coppola, M.)), ((Mondola, R.)) | journal=Medical Hypotheses | title=Methoxetamine: From drug of abuse to rapid-acting antidepressant | volume=79 | issue=4 | pages=504–507 | date= October 2012 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030698771200312X | issn=03069877 | doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.002}}</ref>


Because of its structural similarity to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-HO-PCP 3-HO-PCP], it was falsely believed to carry [[opioid]] properties.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> This claim cannot be supported by actual data, instead showing only insignificant affinity for the µ-opioid receptor by the substance itself, although in-vivo metabolites could yield different effects.<ref name="MXE Binding Profile"/>
Because of its structural similarity to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-HO-PCP 3-HO-PCP], it was falsely believed to carry [[opioid]] properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morris, H.)), ((Wallach, J.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs: PCP to MXE | volume=6 | issue=7–8 | pages=614–632 | date= July 2014 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1620 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.1620}}</ref> This claim cannot be supported by actual data, instead showing only insignificant affinity for the µ-opioid receptor by the substance itself, although in-vivo metabolites could yield different effects.<ref name="ACMDMXE2012"/>


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
{{effects/base


|{{effects/physical|
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The MXE "body high" can be described as a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet, and head.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This results in feelings of mild pleasure to powerful, all-encompassing bliss.  
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The MXE "body high" can be described as a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet, and head.
*'''[[Effect::Perception of decreased weight]]''' - This creates the sensation that the body is floating and has become entirely weightless. This effect is strangely stimulating and encourages physical activities at low to moderate doses by making the body feel light and effortless to move.
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - This creates the sensation that the body is floating and has become entirely weightless. This effect is strangely stimulating and encourages physical activities at low to moderate doses by making the body feel light and effortless to move.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - A loss of gross and fine motor control alongside balance and coordination is prevalent within MXE and becomes especially strong at higher doses. This means that one should be sitting down before the onset (unless experienced) in the case of falling over and injuring oneself.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - A loss of gross and fine motor control alongside balance and coordination is prevalent within MXE and becomes especially strong at higher doses. This means that one should be sitting down before the onset (unless experienced) in the case of falling over and injuring oneself.
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]
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*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - High dose MXE experience can sometimes result in nausea and vomiting at the peak of the trip. For most people, this is surprisingly not as unpleasant as they would initially expect due to the accompanying detachment from the physical senses.
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - High dose MXE experience can sometimes result in nausea and vomiting at the peak of the trip. For most people, this is surprisingly not as unpleasant as they would initially expect due to the accompanying detachment from the physical senses.
*'''[[Effect::Optical sliding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Optical sliding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]''' - Orgasm enhancement can also be present, even at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]''' & '''[[Effect::Orgasm enhancement]]''' - Orgasm enhancement can sometimes also be present, even at higher doses, although this effect is not reliable.


}}
}}
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====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
The visual geometry found within MXE can be described as very dark and bland when compared to that of [[ketamine]] or [[DXM]] and often consists of many tiny interlocking and woven lines. It does not extend beyond level 4 and can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as simplistic in complexity, algorithmic in style, synthetic in feel, unstructured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity.
The visual geometry found within MXE can be described as very dark and bland when compared to that of [[ketamine]] or [[DXM]] and often consists of many tiny interlocking and woven lines. It does not extend beyond level 4 and can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as simplistic in complexity, algorithmic in style, synthetic in feel, unstructured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. 
 
High doses entering the "hole" can yield a white glow visual phenomena like ketamine.


====Hallucinatory states====
====Hallucinatory states====
At high doses, MXE can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects include:
At high doses, MXE can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects include:


*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') -  In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is considerably less common than the same effect found within [[psychedelic]]s and [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, fixed in style, equal in new experiences and memory replays in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in style.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') -  In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is considerably less common than the same effect found within [[psychedelic]]s and [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, fixed in style, equal in new experiences and memory replays in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in style.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is extremely infrequent in comparison to the same effect found within [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. The most common theme for this effect to follow is one of experiencing and talking to friends when they are not actually present.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is extremely infrequent in comparison to the same effect found within [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. The most common theme for this effect to follow is one of experiencing and talking to friends when they are not actually present.


}}
}}
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{{#ask: [[Category:MXE]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
{{#ask: [[Category:MXE]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
Additional experience reports can be found here:
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Methoxetamine_.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MXE]
 
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Methoxetamine_.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MXE]


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]].  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because MXE has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried MXE within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
This is because MXE is a research chemical with a very brief history of human usage.  


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
Anecdotal reports from those who have tried MXE suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
[https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of MXE can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.


Tolerance to many of the effects of MXE [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MXE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of MXE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
 
===Dependence and abuse potential===
As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of MXE can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of producing psychological dependence among certain users.
When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
 
Tolerance to many of the effects of MXE [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]].  
This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects.  
After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption).  
 
MXE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of MXE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.


===Urinary tract effects===
===Urinary tract effects===
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, MXE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]], but to a lesser extent. This is because MXE is four times as potent as ketamine, so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, MXE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]], but to a lesser extent.  
This is because MXE is four times as potent as ketamine, so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed.  
Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:


*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.  
*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
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===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissos}}


==Legality==
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::DOx]]''' - As an NMDA antagonist MXE potentiates DOx which can be unpleasantly intense.
{{legalStub}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::25x-NBOMe]]''' - As an NMDA antagonist MXE potentiates NBOMes which can be unpleasantly intense.
*'''Brazil''' - Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 <ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>  
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::2C-T-x]]'''
*'''Germany:''' It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::PCP]]''' - There are no reports available about this combination.
*'''Japan:''' It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Amphetamines]]''' - Risk of tachycardia, hypertension, and manic states.
*'''Russia:''' It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::MDMA]]''' - There have been reports of risky serotonergic interactions when the two are taken at the same time, but MXE taken to the end of an MDMA experience does not appear to cause the same issues.
*'''France:''' Methoxetamine was added to the list of illicit substances in August 2013.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Cocaine]]''' - Stimulants taken with MXE can lead to hypermanic states much more easily, especially if sleep is avoided.
*'''Netherlands:''' It is illegal to possess, produce, trasnport, import, export, or sell MXE.<ref>"Opiumwet lijst 1", http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2017-05-25</ref>
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Benzodiazepines]]''' - Both substances potentiate the ataxia and sedation caused by the other and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. Place affected patients in the recovery position to prevent vomit aspiration from excess.
*'''Switzerland:''' It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::SSRIs]]''' - Depending on the SSRI this combination can be unpredictable.
*'''United Kingdom:''' MXE is a Class B drug.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[UnsafeInteraction::MAOIs]]''' - MAO-B inhibitors appear to increase the potency of MXE. MAO-A inhbitors have some negative reports associated with the combination but there isn't much information available.
*'''United States:''' MXE is not illegal, however, if it is sold with the intention for human consumption (such as in capsules) it becomes illegal to possess under the Federal Analogue Act. This is avoided by placing the label "not for human consumption" on the container of the chemical.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::ΑMT]]'''
*'''Canada:''' Health Canada declared MXE a controlled substance, citing it as "considered an analogue of ketamine."<ref>"STATUS DECISION OF CONTROLLED
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Alcohol]]''' - There is a high risk of memory loss, vomiting and severe ataxia from this combination.
AND NON-CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE(S)", https://web.archive.org/web/20160409135922/http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/HC/StatusDecisions/A-2013-00235%20-%20PDFs/C-Methoxetamine-2011-01-31.pdf. Retrieved January 24th, 2017.</ref> The possession, production, and sale are illegal.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GHB]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the patient falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position.
*'''Italy:''' According to the table of drugs, MXE has been illegal in Italy since 2016.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GBL]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the patient falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Opioids]]''' - This combination can potentiate the effects of the opioid.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]'''
 
==Legal status==
In September 2014, the European Council decided that methoxetamine shall be subjected by the Member States to control measures and criminal penalties by October 2, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=025bb164-4937-11e4-a0cb-01aa75ed71a1&format=pdfa1a&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=|title=Council Implementing Decision on subjecting 25I-NBOMe, AH-7921, MDPV and methoxetamine to control measures|date=September 25, 2014|publication-date=October 1, 2014|work=Official Journal of the European Union|pages=22-26|id=L 287|publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communites|oclc=52224955}}</ref>
 
*'''Austria''': Since June 26, 2019, MXE is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)<ref>https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig</ref>
*'''Brazil''': Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 <ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>
*'''Canada''': Health Canada declared MXE a controlled substance, citing it as "considered an analogue of ketamine."<ref>"STATUS DECISION OF CONTROLLED AND NON-CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE(S)", https://web.archive.org/web/20160409135922/http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/HC/StatusDecisions/A-2013-00235%20-%20PDFs/C-Methoxetamine-2011-01-31.pdf. Retrieved January 24th, 2017.</ref> The possession, production, and sale are illegal.
*'''Cyprus''': Methoxetamine was listed in the drug control law in 2012.<ref name="JointReport">{{cite journal|issn=1977-7868|isbn=978-92-9168-686-5|doi=10.2810/28543|pages=14-15|title=EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methoxetamine (2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/818/TDAS14004ENN-1_465208.pdf|date=January 2014|access-date=April 19, 2020|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Europol}}</ref>
*'''Denmark''': Methoxetamine is covered by the Executive Order on Euphoriant Substances.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''France''': Methoxetamine was added to the list of illicit substances on August 5, 2013.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Germany''': MXE is controlled under BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage I BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html}}</ref>
*'''Italy''': According to the table of drugs, MXE has been illegal in Italy since 2016.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Japan''': MXE is a narcotic drug in Japan effective June 26th, 2016.<ref>{{Citation | title=新たに指定薬物４物質を麻薬に指定します（注意喚起）｜厚生労働省 | publisher=厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)] | url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/oshirase/20160527-1.html}}</ref>
*'''Netherlands''': It is illegal to possess, produce, trasnport, import, export, or sell MXE.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Koninkrijksrelaties, M. van B. Z. en)) | title=Opiumwet | url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2017-05-25}}</ref>
*'''Russia''': It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''Slovenia''': MXE is a controlled substance (Official Gazette of RS No. 62/2013).<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Sweden''': Methoxetamine is controlled under the Narcotic Drugs Control Act (SFS 1992-860) and the Narcotic Drugs Control Ordinance (SFS 1994:1554).<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Switzerland:''' MXE is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey''': Methoxetamine is regulated under the Law on Control of Narcotics no. 2313.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''United Kingdom''': MXE is a Class B drug.{{citation needed}}
*'''United States''': MXE is a schedule 1 controlled substance.<ref>https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/06/2022-11933/schedules-of-controlled-substances-placement-of-methoxetamine-mxe-in-schedule-i</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Ketamine]]
*[[Dissociatives]]
*[[Dissociatives]]
*[[Arylcyclohexylamines]]
*[[Arylcyclohexylamines]]
*[[Ketamine]]
*[[3-MeO-PCP]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine MXE (Wikipedia)]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine MXE (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/ MXE (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/ MXE (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=689 MXE (Isomer Design)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=689 MXE (Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/524290-The-Big-amp-Dandy-Methoxetamine(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)-Thread MXE (Bluelight)]
 
===Discussion===
 
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/524290-The-Big-amp-Dandy-Methoxetamine(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)-Thread The Big & Dandy Methoxetamine Thread (Bluelight)]


==Literature==
==Literature==
* Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
 
*Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
*Halberstadt, A. L., Slepak, N., Hyun, J., Buell, M. R., & Powell, S. B. (2016). The novel ketamine analog methoxetamine produces dissociative-like behavioral effects in rodents. Psychopharmacology, 233(7), 1215-1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4203-3


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
 
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]]
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Psychological dependence]]


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