PsychonautWiki Archive

Methoxetamine: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
>Josikins
No edit summary
>Blackhole
added important category
 
(336 intermediate revisions by 42 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Substance
{{Distinguish|Methoxmetamine}}
|name=Methoxetamine
{{SummarySheet}}
|abbreviation=MXE
{{SubstanceBox/Methoxetamine}}
|IUPAC=(RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone
 
|img-skel=File:Methoxetamine.png
'''3-MeO-2'-Oxo-PCE''' (commonly known as '''Methoxetamine''', '''MXE''', '''Mexxy''', among others) is a [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class that produces [[ketamine|ketamine-like]] [[dissociative]] effects when [[administered]]. It is structurally related to [[ketamine]], [[PCE]], and [[3-MeO-PCP]].<ref name="ACMDMXE2012">{{Citation | title=Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) Methoxetamine report, 2012 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advisory-council-on-the-misuse-of-drugs-acmd-methoxetamine-report-2012}}</ref>
|img-skel-width=292px
|img-3d=File:MXE3D.gif
|dosage-method=insufflated
|dosage-threshold=5 - 20 mg
|dosage-light=10 - 50 mg
|dosage-common=30 - 75 mg
|dosage-strong=60 - 125 mg
|dosage-heavy=100 - 250 mg
|duration-total=3 - 5 hrs
|duration-onset=10 - 20 mins
|duration-coming-up=15 - 30 mins
|duration-peak=60 - 120 mins
|duration-coming-down=60 - 120 mins
}}


'''Methoxetamine (MXE)''' or '''3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE''' is a chemical of the [[arylcyclohexylamines|arylcyclohexylamine]] class which acts as [[hallucinogenic]] [[dissociative]] and is primarily used as a recreational drug..  
MXE was originally developed through the use of intelligent drug design, as a potential treatment for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_pain Phantom Limb Syndrome] among other ailments.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Morris, H.)) | year=2011 | title=Interview with a Ketamine Chemist | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ppzgk9/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2}}</ref>


This substance was originally developed as a research chemical through the use of intelligent drug design.
MXE had no documented history of human usage until it was first identified by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in November 2010. By July 2011, they had identified 58 websites selling the compound at the cost of 145–195 euros for 10 grams.<ref>Online sales of new psychoactive substances/‘legal highs’ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_143801_EN_SnapshotSummary.pdf</ref> Once highly popular, it is now thought to be extinct on the online [[research chemical]] market due to the global ban of the drug.
<ref>Interview with a ketamine chemist | http://www.viceland.com/int/v18n2/htdocs/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704.php</ref>. It is a chemical derivative of [[Ketamine]] that also contains structural features of [[phencyclidine|phencyclidine (PCP)]] and [[3-MeO-PCP]].  
<ref>MXE Binding profile | http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/acmd1/methoxetamine2012?view=Binary</ref>


MXE has almost no history of human usage prior and was first identified by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, which monitors the Internet for new psychoactive substances within the European Union, in November 2010. By July 2011, they had identified 58 websites selling the compound, at a cost of 145–195&nbsp;euros for 10&nbsp;grams.
Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of MXE in humans, and it has a limited history of human use. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.  
<ref>Online sales of new psychoactive substances/‘legalhighs’ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_143801_EN_SnapshotSummary.pdf</ref>


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:Ach base.png|thumb|255px|right|General formula of arylcyclohexylamine molecule.]]
Methoxetamine, or (RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone, is classed as an [[arylcyclohexylamine]]. Arylcyclohexylamines are named for their structures which include a cyclohexane ring bound to an aromatic ring along with an amine group.  
MXE is classed as an arylcyclohexylamine drug. The Ar group is methoxybenzene in MXE. The nitrogen has one substituted ethyl group. There is an acetyl group attached at carbon R<sub>2</sub>.
 
MXE contains a phenyl ring with a methoxy (CH<sub>3</sub>-O-) substituent at R<sub>3</sub> bonded to a cyclohexane ring substituted at R<sub>2</sub> with an oxo group (cyclohexanone). Bound to the same location (R<sub>1</sub>) of the cyclohexanone ring is an amino ethyl chain -N-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>.
 
MXE is a chiral molecule that is often produced as a racemate, although batches of its stereo-exclusive isomers have occasionally been produced and distributed.


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
MXE acts as an [[Dissociatives#Mechanism_of_Action|NMDA Receptor Antagonist]]. NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurones in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. NMDA receptor antagonists close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurones leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually the famous “hole”.
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
MXE acts as a non-competitive [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] and [[serotonin]]-[[Reuptake Inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]].<ref name="ACMDMXE2012" /> NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole].” MXE was reported to be similar to [[Ketamine|ketamine]] <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Kjellgren, A.)), ((Jonsson, K.)) | journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | title=Methoxetamine (MXE) – A Phenomenological Study of Experiences Induced by a “Legal High” from the Internet | volume=45 | issue=3 | pages=276–286 | date=1 July 2013 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2013.803647 | issn=0279-1072 | doi=10.1080/02791072.2013.803647}}</ref>, despite being stronger and having a longer duration. <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Coppola, M.)), ((Mondola, R.)) | journal=Medical Hypotheses | title=Methoxetamine: From drug of abuse to rapid-acting antidepressant | volume=79 | issue=4 | pages=504–507 | date= October 2012 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030698771200312X | issn=03069877 | doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.002}}</ref>
 
Because of its structural similarity to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-HO-PCP 3-HO-PCP], it was falsely believed to carry [[opioid]] properties.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morris, H.)), ((Wallach, J.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs: PCP to MXE | volume=6 | issue=7–8 | pages=614–632 | date= July 2014 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1620 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.1620}}</ref> This claim cannot be supported by actual data, instead showing only insignificant affinity for the µ-opioid receptor by the substance itself, although in-vivo metabolites could yield different effects.<ref name="ACMDMXE2012"/>
 
==Subjective effects==
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 
{{effects/base
 
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The MXE "body high" can be described as a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet, and head.
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - This creates the sensation that the body is floating and has become entirely weightless. This effect is strangely stimulating and encourages physical activities at low to moderate doses by making the body feel light and effortless to move.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - A loss of gross and fine motor control alongside balance and coordination is prevalent within MXE and becomes especially strong at higher doses. This means that one should be sitting down before the onset (unless experienced) in the case of falling over and injuring oneself.
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]
*'''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - This partially to entirely suppresses one's sense of touch, creating feelings of numbness within the extremities. It is responsible for the anesthetic properties of this substance.
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Although uncommon, some people report dizziness under the influence of MXE.
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - High dose MXE experience can sometimes result in nausea and vomiting at the peak of the trip. For most people, this is surprisingly not as unpleasant as they would initially expect due to the accompanying detachment from the physical senses.
*'''[[Effect::Optical sliding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]''' & '''[[Effect::Orgasm enhancement]]''' - Orgasm enhancement can sometimes also be present, even at higher doses, although this effect is not reliable.
 
}}
{{effects/disconnective|
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This eventually results in MXE's equivalent of the "k-hole" or more specifically, ''[[Visual disconnection#Holes, spaces and voids|holes, spaces and voids]]'' alongside of ''[[Visual disconnection#Structures|structures]]''.
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''


MXE also acts as a [[dopamine]]-[[Reuptake Inhibitor|reuptake inhibitor]] and a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] with [[Opioid receptors|µ-opioid]] affinity and typical [[Dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative]] effects. This provides an explanation for its euphoric and often stimulating effects.
}}
{{effects/visual|
====Suppression====
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]''' - This component is prevalent at moderate to heavy doses and makes reading impossible unless one closes an eye.
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition suppression]]''' - This effect generally occurs at higher doses and makes one unable to recognize and interpret perceivable visual data.
*'''[[Effect::Frame rate suppression]]'''


=Subjective effects=
====Distortions====
==[[Physical effects - Dissociatives|Physical effects]]==
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
The subjective physical effects of MXE however can be broken down into nine components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:
*'''[[Effect::Environmental cubism]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Environmental orbism]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''


*'''[[Disconnective effects: Disconnection from tactile input|Disconnection from tactile input]]'''
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
*'''[[Physical effects: Spontaneous tactile sensations|Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The MXE body high is a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet and head.
The visual geometry found within MXE can be described as very dark and bland when compared to that of [[ketamine]] or [[DXM]] and often consists of many tiny interlocking and woven lines. It does not extend beyond level 4 and can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as simplistic in complexity, algorithmic in style, synthetic in feel, unstructured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity.
*'''[[Physical effects: Suppression of touch|Suppression of touch]]''' - This partially to entirely suppresses one's own sense of touch, creating feelings of numbness within the extremities. It is responsible for the anaesthetic properties of this substance.
*'''[[Physical effects: Physical autonomy|Physical autonomy]]'''
*'''[[Physical effects: Loss of motor control|Loss of motor control]]''' - A loss of gross and fine motor control alongside of balance and coordination is prevalent within MXE and becomes especially strong at higher dosages. This means that one should be sitting down before the onset unless they are experienced in case of falling over and injuring oneself.
*'''[[Physical effects: Euphoria|Euphoria]]''' - This results in feelings of physical euphoria which range between mild pleasure to powerful all-encompassing bliss.
*'''[[Physical effects: Weightlessness|Weightlessness]]''' - This creates the sensation that the body is floating and has become entirely weightless. This effect is strangely stimulating and encourages physical activities at low to moderate dosages by making the body feel light and effortless to move.
*'''[[Physical effects: Dizziness|Dizziness]]''' - Although uncommon, some people report dizziness under the influence of MXE.
*'''[[Physical effects: Nausea|Nausea]]''' - It's worth noting that high dose MXE trips can sometimes result in nausea and vomiting at the peak of trip. For most people, this is surprisingly not as unpleasant as they would initially expect due to the accompanying detachment from the physical senses.


==[[Cognitive effects - Dissociatives|Cognitive effects]]==
High doses entering the "hole" can yield a white glow visual phenomena like ketamine.
The general head space of MXE is often described as particularly euphoric and clear headed in comparison to that of [[DXM]] and [[Ketamine]]. The specific cognitive effects can be broken down into 8 separate subcomponents which are listed and described below:


*'''[[Disconnective effects: Disconnection from consciousness|Disconnection from consciousness]]'''
====Hallucinatory states====
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Ego suppression, loss and death|Ego suppression, loss and death]]'''
At high doses, MXE can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used [[psychedelic]]s. These effects include:
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Time distortion|Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Euphoria|Euphoria]]
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Introspection|Introspection]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Deja-Vu|Deja-Vu]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Removal of cultural filter|Removal of cultural filter]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Conceptual thinking|Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Direct communication with the subconscious|Direct communication with the subconscious]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: States of unity and interconnectedness|States of unity and interconnectedness]]'''


==[[Visual effects - Dissociatives|Visual effects]]==
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is considerably less common than the same effect found within [[psychedelic]]s and [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, fixed in style, equal in new experiences and memory replays in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in style.
===Suppression===
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - In comparison to other [[dissociative]]s, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is extremely infrequent in comparison to the same effect found within [[deliriant]]s. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. The most common theme for this effect to follow is one of experiencing and talking to friends when they are not actually present.
This substance does not enhance visual stimuli; instead it tends to degrade and decrease visual aptitude in a variety of ways which generally includes:


*'''[[Disconnective effects: Disconnection from visual input|Disconnection from visual input]]''' - This eventually results in the MXE's equivalent of the famous "K-hole" or more specifically, ''[[Disconnective effects: Disconnection from visual input#Holes, spaces and voids|holes, space and voids]]'' alongside of ''[[Disconnective effects: Disconnection from visual input#Structures|structures]]''.
}}
*'''[[Visual effects: Decreased visual acuity|Decreased visual acuity]]'''
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Visual effects: Double vision|Double vision]]''' - This component is prevalent at moderate to heavy dosages and makes reading impossible unless one closes an eye.
The general head space of MXE is often described as particularly euphoric and clear-headed in comparison to that of [[DXM]] and [[ketamine]]. The specific cognitive effects can be broken down into several separate subcomponents which are listed and described below:
*'''[[Visual effects: Suppression of pattern recognition|Suppression of pattern recognition]]''' - This effect generally occurs at higher dosages and makes one unable to recognize and interpret perceivable visual data.


===[[Visual effects: Distortions (dissociative)|Distortions]]===
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]'''
MXE exhibits a full array of dissociative distortions and alterations in visual perception which generally includes:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Decreased libido]]''' - This is not experienced in all environments, as [[Effect::increased libido]] may also be experienced especially at lower dosage ranges.
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::analysis suppression]]
*'''[[Effect::Introspection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This can potentially occur with users who are compulsively and regularly consuming large amounts of this compound. This effect occurs less often on MXE than it does on more stimulating dissociatives such as [[3-MeO-PCP]] or [[2-Oxo-PCE]].
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal meaning enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''


*'''[[Visual effects: Perspective distortions|Perspective distortions]]'''
}}
*'''[[Visual effects: Environmental cubism|Environmental cubism]]'''
{{effects/auditory|
*'''[[Visual effects: Environmental orbism|Environmental orbism]]'''
*'''[[Visual effects: Scenery slicing|Scenery slicing]]'''


===[[Visual effects: Geometry (dissociative)|Geometry]]===
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
The visual geometry found within MXE can be described as simplistic in complexity, slow in movement, large in size, immersive in presence and particularly dark in colour scheme when compared to that of [[DXM]] or [[Ketamine]].
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory suppression|Suppression]]'''


===[[Visual effects: Hallucinatory states (dissociative)|Hallucinatory states]]===
}}
At high dosages MXE can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelic. These effects include:
{{effects/transpersonal|
*'''[[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations (dissociative)|Internal hallucinations]]''' - These hallucinatory states can be described as containing plots, settings, autonomous entity contact and scenarios. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability and fixed in style. They can include both new experiences and memory replays which are capable of being weeks in length and real time in experience.
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]'''
*'''[[Visual effects: External hallucinations (dissociative)|External hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''


==[[Auditory effects - Dissociatives|Auditory effects]]==
}}
The auditory effects of MXE are common in their occurrence and exhibit a range of effects which commonly includes:
}}
*'''[[Auditory effects: Enhancements|Enhancements]]'''
===Experience reports===
*'''[[Auditory effects: Suppression|Suppression]]'''
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
*'''[[Auditory effects: Distortions|Distortions]]'''
{{#ask: [[Category:MXE]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
*'''[[Auditory effects: Hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
Additional experience reports can be found here:


=Toxicity and harm potential=
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Methoxetamine_.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: MXE]
The toxicity and long term health effects of recreational MXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because MXE is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried MXE within the psychedelic community confirm that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses or using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).


MXE does not seem to physically addictive, but can become habit-forming as there is no real tolerance attributed to this drug, meaning that it could potentially be used multiple days in a row if somebody chooses to do so. There have been multiple reports across the internet of people becoming seriously addicted daily users of this substance so serious precautions and considerations should be taken before trying this substance.  
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]].
This is because MXE is a research chemical with a very brief history of human usage.  


Reports of compulsive redosing during high dose trips resulting in over doses have also been reported. This can be prevented by keeping your MXE far away from you when tripping and addiction can be avoided by manually limiting your usage of the drug. It’s worth noting however that just as with most hallucinogens, most users note that the desire to use them can actually decrease with use.
Anecdotal reports from those who have tried MXE suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
In terms of its long term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, MXE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within ketamine but to a lesser extent. This is because MXE is 4 times as potent as ketamine so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of Ketamine cystitis can become extremely serious and can described as,
[https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  


*'''urinary frequency''' - a need to empty your bladder every few minutes.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
*'''urinary urgency''' - a sudden, compelling need to urinate
*'''urinary pressure''' - a constant sensation of fullness in your bladder that is unrelieved by urination
*'''pelvic and bladder pain''' - pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
*'''hematuria''' - visible blood in the urine.
*'''incontinence''' - leakage of urine


All of these however can easily be avoided by simply not using MXE on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting your usage of the substance.
===Dependence and abuse potential===
As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of MXE can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of producing psychological dependence among certain users.
When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.


==Lethal Dosage==
Tolerance to many of the effects of MXE [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]].
There is currently no data for the LD<sub>50</sub> of MXE in humans.
This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects.  
==Tolerance and Addiction Potential==
After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption).  
In terms of MXE tolerance, this can take weeks to build up for some but for others it can take a single night of heavy use. Once a physical tolerance to MXE has set itself in, it can often take a month or more to reset itself. MXE has a fairly high potential to be abused.


=Legal Issues=
MXE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of MXE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.
*'''Germany:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.
*'''Japan:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.
*'''Russia:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.
*'''Switzerland:''' Possession, production and sale is illegal.
*'''UK:''' MXE is a Class B drug.


=See Also=
===Urinary tract effects===
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, MXE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]], but to a lesser extent.
This is because MXE is four times as potent as ketamine, so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed.
Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
 
*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
*'''Pelvic and bladder pain''' - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
*'''Hematuria''' - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
*'''Incontinence''' - This is the leakage of urine.
 
All of these, however, can easily be avoided by simply not using MXE on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
 
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
 
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::DOx]]''' - As an NMDA antagonist MXE potentiates DOx which can be unpleasantly intense.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::25x-NBOMe]]''' - As an NMDA antagonist MXE potentiates NBOMes which can be unpleasantly intense.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::2C-T-x]]'''
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::PCP]]''' - There are no reports available about this combination.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Amphetamines]]''' - Risk of tachycardia, hypertension, and manic states.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::MDMA]]''' - There have been reports of risky serotonergic interactions when the two are taken at the same time, but MXE taken to the end of an MDMA experience does not appear to cause the same issues.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Cocaine]]''' - Stimulants taken with MXE can lead to hypermanic states much more easily, especially if sleep is avoided.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Benzodiazepines]]''' - Both substances potentiate the ataxia and sedation caused by the other and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. Place affected patients in the recovery position to prevent vomit aspiration from excess.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::SSRIs]]''' - Depending on the SSRI this combination can be unpredictable.
*'''[[UnsafeInteraction::MAOIs]]''' - MAO-B inhibitors appear to increase the potency of MXE. MAO-A inhbitors have some negative reports associated with the combination but there isn't much information available.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::ΑMT]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Alcohol]]''' - There is a high risk of memory loss, vomiting and severe ataxia from this combination.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GHB]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the patient falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GBL]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the patient falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Opioids]]''' - This combination can potentiate the effects of the opioid.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]'''
 
==Legal status==
In September 2014, the European Council decided that methoxetamine shall be subjected by the Member States to control measures and criminal penalties by October 2, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=025bb164-4937-11e4-a0cb-01aa75ed71a1&format=pdfa1a&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=|title=Council Implementing Decision on subjecting 25I-NBOMe, AH-7921, MDPV and methoxetamine to control measures|date=September 25, 2014|publication-date=October 1, 2014|work=Official Journal of the European Union|pages=22-26|id=L 287|publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communites|oclc=52224955}}</ref>
 
*'''Austria''': Since June 26, 2019, MXE is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG. (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich)<ref>https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2019_II_167/BGBLA_2019_II_167.pdfsig</ref>
*'''Brazil''': Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 <ref>http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7</ref>
*'''Canada''': Health Canada declared MXE a controlled substance, citing it as "considered an analogue of ketamine."<ref>"STATUS DECISION OF CONTROLLED AND NON-CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE(S)", https://web.archive.org/web/20160409135922/http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/HC/StatusDecisions/A-2013-00235%20-%20PDFs/C-Methoxetamine-2011-01-31.pdf. Retrieved January 24th, 2017.</ref> The possession, production, and sale are illegal.
*'''Cyprus''': Methoxetamine was listed in the drug control law in 2012.<ref name="JointReport">{{cite journal|issn=1977-7868|isbn=978-92-9168-686-5|doi=10.2810/28543|pages=14-15|title=EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methoxetamine (2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/818/TDAS14004ENN-1_465208.pdf|date=January 2014|access-date=April 19, 2020|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Europol}}</ref>
*'''Denmark''': Methoxetamine is covered by the Executive Order on Euphoriant Substances.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''France''': Methoxetamine was added to the list of illicit substances on August 5, 2013.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Germany''': MXE is controlled under BtMG Anlage I, making it illegal to manufacture, import, possess, sell, or transfer it without a license.<ref>{{Citation | title=Anlage I BtMG - Einzelnorm | url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html}}</ref>
*'''Italy''': According to the table of drugs, MXE has been illegal in Italy since 2016.<ref>http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pagineAree_3729_listaFile_itemName_0_file.pdf</ref>
*'''Japan''': MXE is a narcotic drug in Japan effective June 26th, 2016.<ref>{{Citation | title=新たに指定薬物４物質を麻薬に指定します（注意喚起）｜厚生労働省 | publisher=厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)] | url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/oshirase/20160527-1.html}}</ref>
*'''Netherlands''': It is illegal to possess, produce, trasnport, import, export, or sell MXE.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Koninkrijksrelaties, M. van B. Z. en)) | title=Opiumwet | url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2017-05-25}}</ref>
*'''Russia''': It is illegal to possess, produce, or sell MXE.{{citation needed}}
*'''Slovenia''': MXE is a controlled substance (Official Gazette of RS No. 62/2013).<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Sweden''': Methoxetamine is controlled under the Narcotic Drugs Control Act (SFS 1992-860) and the Narcotic Drugs Control Ordinance (SFS 1994:1554).<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''Switzerland:''' MXE is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey''': Methoxetamine is regulated under the Law on Control of Narcotics no. 2313.<ref name="JointReport" />
*'''United Kingdom''': MXE is a Class B drug.{{citation needed}}
*'''United States''': MXE is a schedule 1 controlled substance.<ref>https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/06/2022-11933/schedules-of-controlled-substances-placement-of-methoxetamine-mxe-in-schedule-i</ref>
 
==See also==
 
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Dissociatives]]
*[[Dissociatives]]
*[[Arylcyclohexylamines]]
*[[Arylcyclohexylamines]]
*[[Ketamine]]
*[[3-MeO-PCP]]
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine MXE (Wikipedia)]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxetamine MXE (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/ MXE (Erowid)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/methoxetamine/ MXE (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=689 MXE (Isomer Design)]
 
===Discussion===
 
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/524290-The-Big-amp-Dandy-Methoxetamine(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)-Thread The Big & Dandy Methoxetamine Thread (Bluelight)]
 
==Literature==
 
*Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
*Halberstadt, A. L., Slepak, N., Hyun, J., Buell, M. R., & Powell, S. B. (2016). The novel ketamine analog methoxetamine produces dissociative-like behavioral effects in rodents. Psychopharmacology, 233(7), 1215-1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4203-3
 
==References==
<references />


=references=
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
<references/>
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]


[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamines]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/Methoxetamine"