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4F-EPH: Difference between revisions
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{{SubstanceBox/4F-EPH}} | {{SubstanceBox/4F-EPH}} | ||
'''4-Fluoroethylphenidate''' (commonly known as '''4F-EPH''') is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class:: | '''4-Fluoroethylphenidate''' (commonly known as '''4F-EPH''') is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::phenidate]] chemical class that produces long-lasting [[Euphoria|euphoric]] and [[stimulant|stimulating]] effects associated with potent [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor|reuptake inhibitors]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is a closely related structural analog of the commonly prescribed ADHD drug [[methylphenidate]] (known by the brand-names ''Ritalin'' and ''Concerta'') as well as a [[designer drug]] analog [[ethylphenidate]]. Based on its similarities to other memebers of this class, it is speculated to exert its activity as some form of double or triple [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. | ||
Like other members of the [[substituted phenidate]] family, anecdotal reports suggest that 4F-EPH can be corrosive to the nasal cavities, albeit not to the degree of [[ethylphenidate]]. | Like other members of the [[substituted phenidate]] family, anecdotal reports suggest that 4F-EPH can be corrosive to the nasal cavities, albeit not to the degree of [[ethylphenidate]]. | ||
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==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
4F-EPH, or 4-fluoroethylphenidate, is a synthetic molecule of the | 4F-EPH, or 4-fluoroethylphenidate, is a synthetic molecule of the [[phenidate]] and [[substituted phenethylamine]] classes. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino -NH2 group through an ethyl chain. It is structurally similar to [[amphetamine]], featuring a substitution at R<sub>α</sub> which is incorporated into a [[piperidine]] ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. It contains an ethyl acetate bound to R<sub>β</sub> of its structure and is fluorinated at R<sub>4</sub> of its phenyl ring. | ||
4F-EPH is the 4-substituted flourine derivative of [[ethylphenidate]], and is structurally different to [[methylphenidate]] by elongation of the carbon chain and the addition of a fluorine group. ''Ethyl-'' regards the side chain of two carbon atoms, ''phen-'' indicates the phenyl ring, ''id-'' is contracted from a piperidine ring, and ''-ate'' indicates the acetate group containing the oxygens. 4F-EPH is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture. | 4F-EPH is the 4-substituted flourine derivative of [[ethylphenidate]], and is structurally different to [[methylphenidate]] by elongation of the carbon chain and the addition of a fluorine group. ''Ethyl-'' regards the side chain of two carbon atoms, ''phen-'' indicates the phenyl ring, ''id-'' is contracted from a piperidine ring, and ''-ate'' indicates the acetate group containing the oxygens. 4F-EPH is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture. | ||
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==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
{{pharmacology}} | {{pharmacology}} | ||
4F-EPH is believed to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] than the closely related [[methylphenidate]],<ref>Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | 4F-EPH is believed to act as a higher efficiency [[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] than the closely related [[methylphenidate]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Davies, H. M. L.)), ((Hopper, D. W.)), ((Hansen, T.)), ((Liu, Q.)), ((Childers, S. R.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | title=Synthesis of methylphenidate analogues and their binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transport sites | volume=14 | issue=7 | pages=1799–1802 | date=5 April 2004 | issn=0960-894X | doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.097}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Misra, M.)), ((Shi, Q.)), ((Ye, X.)), ((Gruszecka-Kowalik, E.)), ((Bu, W.)), ((Liu, Z.)), ((Schweri, M. M.)), ((Deutsch, H. M.)), ((Venanzi, C. A.)) | journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | title=Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of threo-methylphenidate analogs | volume=18 | issue=20 | pages=7221–7238 | date=15 October 2010 | issn=1464-3391 | doi=10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.034}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Singh, S.)) | journal=Chemical Reviews | title=Chemistry, design, and structure-activity relationship of cocaine antagonists | volume=100 | issue=3 | pages=925–1024 | date=8 March 2000 | issn=1520-6890 | doi=10.1021/cr9700538}}</ref> meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those [[monoamine]]s from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine to accumulate within the certain focalized regions of the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects. | ||
==Subjective effects== | ==Subjective effects== | ||
{{effectStub}} | {{effectStub}} | ||
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}} | ||
{{effects/base | |||
|{{effects/physical| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - 4F-EPH is considered to be mildly to moderately stimulating in a way that is quite unique for a dopaminergic stimulant and likely is the result of activity beyond dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Even in high doses it is much less stimulating and distinctively different than the closely related chemical [[4F-MPH]]. The style of stimulation can be described as smooth, with a slight to moderate energetic push similar to, but drastically weaker than [[methamphetamine]]. It is much subtler and less forced than that of [[4F-MPH]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[amphetamine]]. | *'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - 4F-EPH is considered to be mildly to moderately stimulating in a way that is quite unique for a dopaminergic stimulant and likely is the result of activity beyond dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Even in high doses it is much less stimulating and distinctively different than the closely related chemical [[4F-MPH]]. The style of stimulation can be described as smooth, with a slight to moderate energetic push similar to, but drastically weaker than [[methamphetamine]]. It is much subtler and less forced than that of [[4F-MPH]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[amphetamine]]. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Relatively mild, provided one consumes an appropriate amount of water. Water should be sipped slowly at spaced intervals to prevent water intoxication. | *'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Relatively mild, provided one consumes an appropriate amount of water. Water should be sipped slowly at spaced intervals to prevent water intoxication. | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - A mild and pleasant feeling of lightness/floating as well as effortless movement in the entire body frequently occurs during the rush and often persists into the peak for some time. This may occur via any route. It is most common at moderate-high doses and tends to reduce or disappear at excessive doses. | *'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - A mild and pleasant feeling of lightness/floating as well as effortless movement in the entire body frequently occurs during the rush and often persists into the peak for some time. This may occur via any route. It is most common at moderate-high doses and tends to reduce or disappear at excessive doses. | ||
}} | |||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |||
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' - The thought acceleration induced by 4F-EPH is mild to moderate and is not usually strong enough to induce confusion. It tends towards semantic, emotional, social, and abstract thought patterns. | *'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]''' - The thought acceleration induced by 4F-EPH is mild to moderate and is not usually strong enough to induce confusion. It tends towards semantic, emotional, social, and abstract thought patterns. | ||
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - 4F-EPH has the capability of enhancing analytical ability, but only at low doses and very inconsistently. Moderate to high doses do not usually enhance logical analytical abilities and tend instead toward semantic and emotional thought patterns. | *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - 4F-EPH has the capability of enhancing analytical ability, but only at low doses and very inconsistently. Moderate to high doses do not usually enhance logical analytical abilities and tend instead toward semantic and emotional thought patterns. | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - 4F-EPH may result in mild empathetic and affectionate feelings, particularly at lower doses. This substance commonly results in an intense drive to socialize with others that strengthens with increasing dosage. | *'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - 4F-EPH may result in mild empathetic and affectionate feelings, particularly at lower doses. This substance commonly results in an intense drive to socialize with others that strengthens with increasing dosage. | ||
}} | |||
{{effects/aftereffects| | |||
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include: | The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include: | ||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' | ||
}} | |||
}} | |||
===Experience reports=== | |||
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include: | |||
{{#ask: [[Category:4F-EPH]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
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{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=4F-EPH}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants|self=4F-EPH}} | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}} | {{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}} | ||
==Legal | ==Legal status== | ||
{{legalStub}} | {{legalStub}} | ||
*'''United Kingdom''' | *'''Germany''': 4-Fluoroethylphenidate is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Switzerland''': 4F-EPH is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | |||
*'''Turkey:''' 4F-EPH is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı CK Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref> | |||
*'''United Kingdom''': 4-Fluoroethylphenidate is a class B drug in the UK as of May 31st 2017, making it illegal to possess, produce or supply. <ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2017 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/634/made}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[Ethylphenidate]] | *[[Ethylphenidate]] | ||
*[[4F-MPH]] | *[[4F-MPH]] | ||
==External links== | |||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=634 4F-EPH (Isomer Design)] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Phenidate]] | |||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | [[Category:Research chemical]] | ||
[[Category:Stimulant]] | [[Category:Stimulant]] | ||