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2-Fluorodeschloroketamine: Difference between revisions
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{{SummarySheet}} | {{SummarySheet}} | ||
{{SubstanceBox/2- | {{SubstanceBox/2-FDCK}} | ||
'''2-Fl-2'-Oxo-PCM''' (also known as '''2-Fluorodeschloroketamine''', '''2-FDCK''', and inaccurately as '''2-Fluroketamine''', '''Fluoroketamine''', and '''2-FK''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] class.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Moghimi, A.)), ((Rahmani, S.)), ((Zare, R.)), ((Sadeghzadeh, M.)) | journal=Synthetic Communications | title=Synthesis of 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-Cyclohexanone as a New Ketamine Derivative | volume=44 | issue=14 | pages=2021–2028 | date=18 July 2014 | url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2014.885053 | issn=0039-7911 | doi=10.1080/00397911.2014.885053}}</ref> It is chemically similar to [[ketamine]] and [[deschloroketamine]] (DCK). It is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]], although research is currently limited. | |||
The origins of 2F-DCK are not well-documented. It appears to have first become available for sale on the online [[research chemical]] market in 2017, in which it was marketed as a legal replacement for [[ketamine]].<ref name="one">The Big & Dandy 2-Fluoroketamine Thread | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/776753-The-Big-amp-Dandy-2-Fluoroketamine-Thread</ref> It was released after the successful introduction of a similar ketamine analog, [[deschloroketamine]]. | |||
[[Subjective effects]] include [[sedation]], [[motor control loss]], [[pain relief]], [[internal hallucinations]], [[conceptual thinking]], [[euphoria]], and [[disconnective effects|dissociation]]. Dissociation is a complex mental state characterized by perceptual distortions and feelings of detachment from the environment and one's self. 2F-DCK's effects are reported to be similar to those of ketamine. Like ketamine, 2F-DCK's effects are highly dose-dependent, with lower doses producing [[alcohol|alcohol-like]] intoxication and higher doses producing [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] out-of-body states (also known as a "k-hole"). | |||
Limited data exist on the pharmacology, metabolism, or toxicity of 2-FDCK. It has an extremely brief history of human use. It is strongly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance. | |||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
|{{effects/cognitive| | |{{effects/cognitive| | ||
The cognitive effects of 2-FDCK are best compared to [[ketamine]] and some users find the effects nearly indistinguishable. Subjectively, the experience on 2-FDCK tends to be paced at a slower rate alongside distinct psychedelic effects which differ slightly from ketamine. Some users also report that 2-FDCK can sometimes produce slightly more confusion and generally more difficulty to "hole" with higher dosages, while others don't seem to notice this and instead treat it being equally enjoyable whilst also retaining the same antidepressant effects that ketamine produces. | |||
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' | ||
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*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | *'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' | ||
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' | |||
}} | }} | ||
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===Experience reports=== | ===Experience reports=== | ||
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here: | ||
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_2Fluorodeschloroketamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine] | |||
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_2Fluorodeschloroketamine.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine] | |||
==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{ | {{toxicity}} | ||
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}} | |||
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). | ||
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===Urinary tract effects=== | ===Urinary tract effects=== | ||
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]] but to a lesser extent. This is because 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a little more potent than ketamine, meaning that less of the drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and | In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]] but to a lesser extent. This is because 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a little more potent than ketamine, meaning that less of the drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and include: | ||
*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes. | *'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes. | ||
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate. | *'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate. | ||
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination. | *'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination. | ||
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===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | {{DangerousInteractions/Intro}} | ||
{{ | |||
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Benzodiazepines]]''' - Both substances potentiate the ataxia and sedation caused by the other and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. While unconscious, vomit aspiration is a risk if not placed in the recovery position. | |||
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::MAOIs]]''' - MAO-B inhibitors appear to increase the potency of ketamine. MAO-A inhibitors have some negative reports associated with the combination but there isn't much information available | |||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Alcohol]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a very high risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the user falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position. | |||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GHB]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the user falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position. | |||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::GBL]]''' - Both substances cause ataxia and bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the user falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position. | |||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Opioids]]''' - Both substances bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the user falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position. | |||
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]''' - Potential increased risk of seizures. | |||
*'''Grapefruit''' - Grapefruit juice significantly increases oral absorption of ketamine. This may result in the user having double the concentration of ketamine in their system compared to normal. The ketamine may also have a longer duration of effect.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Peltoniemi, M. A.)), ((Saari, T. I.)), ((Hagelberg, N. M.)), ((Laine, K.)), ((Neuvonen, P. J.)), ((Olkkola, K. T.)) | journal=European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | title=S-ketamine concentrations are greatly increased by grapefruit juice | volume=68 | issue=6 | pages=979–986 | date= June 2012 | issn=1432-1041 | doi=10.1007/s00228-012-1214-9}}</ref> It is likely that this property extends to 2F-DCK as well. | |||
==Legal status== | ==Legal status== | ||
*'''Austria:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG. (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) {{ | |||
*'''Austria:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG. (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) <ref>{{Citation | title=RIS - Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung - Bundesrecht konsolidiert, Fassung vom 21.07.2022 | url=https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007642}}</ref> | |||
*'''Canada:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is not specifically listed in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) but could be considered controlled under schedule I: "14 Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: (1) Ketamine . . ." It could presumably be considered an analogue of PCP due to its structural similarity to ketamine. <ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) | http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C-38.8.pdf</ref> | *'''Canada:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is not specifically listed in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) but could be considered controlled under schedule I: "14 Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: (1) Ketamine . . ." It could presumably be considered an analogue of PCP due to its structural similarity to ketamine. <ref>Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19) | http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C-38.8.pdf</ref> | ||
*'''Czech Republic:''' 6-APB is a Schedule I (List 4) substance. It may be used for research and restricted therapeutic purposes. (§ 1, d), 1. of ''Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.'') <ref>https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463?text=o+seznamech+n%C3%A1vykov%C3%BDch</ref> | |||
*'''Germany:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> | |||
*'''Italy:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a Schedule I (''Tabella I'') controlled substance.<ref>MINISTERO DELLA SALUTE, DECRETO 13 marzo 2020 https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/03/30/20A01820/sg</ref> | |||
*'''Latvia:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is illegal in Latvia.<ref>http://www.vm.gov.lv/images/userfiles/metodiskas_vadlinijas_080914.doc</ref> | *'''Latvia:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is illegal in Latvia.<ref>http://www.vm.gov.lv/images/userfiles/metodiskas_vadlinijas_080914.doc</ref> | ||
*'''United Kingdom:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As an N-alkyl derivative of 2-Amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone substituted in the phenyl ring with a halide substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | *'''Switzerland:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> | ||
*'''Turkey:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı: Karar Sayısı: 1335|url=https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf|publisher=Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü [General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication]|publication-date=July 20, 2019|date=July 19, 2020|work=Resmî Gazete, Sayı: 30837|language=tr}}</ref> | |||
*'''United Kingdom:''' 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As an N-alkyl derivative of 2-Amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone substituted in the phenyl ring with a halide substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Designer drug]] | *[[Designer drug]] | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Fluorodeschloroketamine 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Fluorodeschloroketamine 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=981 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (Isomer Design)] | *[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=981 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (Isomer Design)] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | [[Category:Psychoactive substance]] | ||
[[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]] | [[Category:Arylcyclohexylamine]] | ||
[[Category:Dissociative]] | [[Category:Dissociative]] | ||
[[Category:Research chemical]] | |||
{{#set:Featured=true}} | |||