Template:Warning/Refeeding syndrome: Difference between revisions

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{{GenericPanel/warning

| title=~~2C-P is very difficult to dose properly.~~

| title=Refeeding syndrome if severe enough, may result in death

| content=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refeeding_syndrome Refeeding syndrome] (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are ~~starvation|~~starved, severely ~~malnourishment|~~malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium (hypokalemia), magnesium (magnesium deficiency) and phosphate (hypophosphatemia).<ref name=pmid18583681>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J |title=Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1495–8 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18583681 |pmc=2440847 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a301 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Doig|first1=GS|last2=Simpson|first2=F|last3=Heighes|last4=Bellomo|first4=R|last5=Chesher|first5=D|last6=Caterson|first6=ID|last7=Reade|first7=MC|last8=Harrigan|first8=PWJ|date=2015-12-01|title=Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=3|issue=12|pages=943–952|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X|issn=2213-2619|pmid=26597128}}</ref> The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe enough, may result in death.

| content=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refeeding_syndrome Refeeding syndrome] (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium (hypokalemia), magnesium (magnesium deficiency) and phosphate (hypophosphatemia).<ref name=pmid18583681>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J |title=Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1495–8 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18583681 |pmc=2440847 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a301 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Doig|first1=GS|last2=Simpson|first2=F|last3=Heighes|last4=Bellomo|first4=R|last5=Chesher|first5=D|last6=Caterson|first6=ID|last7=Reade|first7=MC|last8=Harrigan|first8=PWJ|date=2015-12-01|title=Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=3|issue=12|pages=943–952|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X|issn=2213-2619|pmid=26597128}}</ref> The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe enough, may result in death.

<p>

Refeeding syndrome can occur when someone does not eat for several days at a time usually beginning after 4–5 days with no food.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN |title=Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review |journal=Acute Medicine |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=69–76 |year=2011 |doi=10.52964/AMJA.0470 |pmid=22041604 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

</p>

Stimulants like [[amphetamines]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[cocaine]], along with [[opiates]], contribute to [[appetite suppression]]. This can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa. ~~If someone misuses these substances and then starts~~ eating ~~normally again, they~~ may be at increased risk of refeeding syndrome.

<p>

Stimulants like [[amphetamines]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[cocaine]], along with [[opiates]], contribute to [[appetite suppression]]. This can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa. Individuals with drug abuse who begin to reintroduce normal eating habits after a period of malnutrition may be at increased risk for refeeding syndrome.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uhbw.nhs.uk/assets/1/23-639_refeedingsyndromeguideline-4_redacted.pdf}}</ref>

</p>

}}<noinclude>[[Category:Panels]]</noinclude>

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 {{GenericPanel/warning
-| title=2C-P is very difficult to dose properly.
+| title=Refeeding syndrome if severe enough, may result in death
-| content=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refeeding_syndrome Refeeding syndrome] (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starvation|starved, severely malnourishment|malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium (hypokalemia), magnesium (magnesium deficiency) and phosphate (hypophosphatemia).<ref name=pmid18583681>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J |title=Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1495–8 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18583681 |pmc=2440847 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a301 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Doig|first1=GS|last2=Simpson|first2=F|last3=Heighes|last4=Bellomo|first4=R|last5=Chesher|first5=D|last6=Caterson|first6=ID|last7=Reade|first7=MC|last8=Harrigan|first8=PWJ|date=2015-12-01|title=Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=3|issue=12|pages=943–952|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X|issn=2213-2619|pmid=26597128}}</ref> The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe enough, may result in death.
+| content=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refeeding_syndrome Refeeding syndrome] (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium (hypokalemia), magnesium (magnesium deficiency) and phosphate (hypophosphatemia).<ref name=pmid18583681>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J |title=Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1495–8 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18583681 |pmc=2440847 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a301 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Doig|first1=GS|last2=Simpson|first2=F|last3=Heighes|last4=Bellomo|first4=R|last5=Chesher|first5=D|last6=Caterson|first6=ID|last7=Reade|first7=MC|last8=Harrigan|first8=PWJ|date=2015-12-01|title=Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|volume=3|issue=12|pages=943–952|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X|issn=2213-2619|pmid=26597128}}</ref> The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe enough, may result in death.
+<p>
 Refeeding syndrome can occur when someone does not eat for several days at a time usually beginning after 4–5 days with no food.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN |title=Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review |journal=Acute Medicine |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=69–76 |year=2011 |doi=10.52964/AMJA.0470 |pmid=22041604 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+</p>
-Stimulants like [[amphetamines]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[cocaine]], along with [[opiates]], contribute to [[appetite suppression]]. This can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa. If someone misuses these substances and then starts eating normally again, they may be at increased risk of refeeding syndrome.
+<p>
+Stimulants like [[amphetamines]], [[methylphenidate]], and [[cocaine]], along with [[opiates]], contribute to [[appetite suppression]]. This can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa. Individuals with drug abuse who begin to reintroduce normal eating habits after a period of malnutrition may be at increased risk for refeeding syndrome.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uhbw.nhs.uk/assets/1/23-639_refeedingsyndromeguideline-4_redacted.pdf}}</ref>
+</p>
 }}<noinclude>[[Category:Panels]]</noinclude>