Cocoa: Difference between revisions

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==Dosage==

~~===Strains===~~

See [[UserWiki:David_Hedlund/Dark_chocolate_milk|dark chocolate milk]] for preparation.

~~Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref>https~~:/~~/books~~.~~google.se/books?id~~=~~WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg~~=~~PA171&redir_esc~~=~~y#v~~=~~onepage&q&f~~=~~false</ref>~~

* Criollo (defatted): 11.3 mg/g

===Dosages based on cocoa strain===

* Trinitario (defatted): 6.3/g

* Nacional (defatted): 2.4 mg/g

* Forastero (defatted): 1.3 mg/g

~~===Orally===~~

The caffeine content in the table is base on the calculation from various [[#Cocoa varieties|cocoa varieties]].<ref name="Gene A. Spiller" />

~~See~~ [[~~UserWiki:David_Hedlund/Dark_chocolate_milk~~|~~dark chocolate milk~~]] ~~for preparation~~.

====~~Dosages based on cocoa~~ strain~~====~~

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="font-size:smaller"

* Threshold: 20-50 mg caffeine

|-

** Criollo: 2-4 g

! rowspan="2" | Level

** Trinitario 3-9 g

! colspan="4" | Cocoa bean strain

** Nacional 8-21 g

|-

** Forastero 15-38 g

! Criollo

* Light: 50-100 mg caffeine

! Trinitario

** Criollo: 4-9 g

! Nacional

** Trinitario 9-16 g

! Forastero

** Nacional 21-42 g

|-

** Forastero 38-77 g

| Threshold: 20-50 mg caffeine

* Common: 100-200 mg caffeine

| 2-4 g

** Criollo: 9-18 g

| 3-9 g

** Trinitario 16-32

| 8-21 g

** Nacional 42-83 g

| 15-38 g

** Forastero 77-154 g

|-

* Strong: 200-300 mg caffeine

| Light: 50-100 mg caffeine

** Criollo: 18-27 g

| 4-9 g

** Trinitario 32-48 g

| 9-16 g

** Nacional 83-125 g

| 21-42 g

** Forastero 154-231 g

| 38-77 g

* Heavy: 300-400 mg caffeine

|-

** Criollo: 27-35 g

| Common: 100-200 mg caffeine

** Trinitario 48-63 g

| 9-18 g

** Nacional 125-167 g

| 16-32

** Forastero 231-308 g

| 42-83 g

| 77-154 g

|-

| Strong: 200-300 mg caffeine

| 18-27 g

| 32-48 g

| 83-125 g

| 154-231 g

|-

| Heavy: 300-400 mg caffeine

| 27-35 g

| 48-63 g

| 125-167 g

| 231-308 g

|}

==History and culture==

~~{{historyStub}}~~

Several mixtures of cacao are described in ancient texts, for ceremonial or medicinal, as well as culinary, purposes. Some mixtures included maize, chili, vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), and honey. Archaeological evidence for use of cacao, while relatively sparse, has come from the recovery of whole cacao beans at Uaxactun, Guatemala.<ref>Kidder (1947).</ref>

Ceremonial cacao has been experiencing a surge in popularity in recent years.

Ceremonial cacao, along with retreats centered around its use, has been experiencing a surge in popularity in recent years.

==Chemistry==

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===Cocoa varieties===

Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref>https://books.google.se/books?id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref name="Gene A. Spiller">https://books.google.se/books?id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

* Forastero (defatted): 1.3 mg/g

* Nacional (defatted): 2.4 mg/g

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Theobromine has a half-life of 10 hours but over 16% may be unmodified 48 h after a single dose of 10 mg/Kg.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martínez-Pinilla |first1=E |last2=Oñatibia-Astibia |first2=A |last3=Franco |first3=R |title=The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption. |journal=Frontiers in pharmacology |date=2015 |volume=6 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fphar.2015.00030 |pmid=25750625 |pmc=4335269}}</ref>

It may take 4-8 weeks of caffeine abstinence to reset tolerance in regular users.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cappelletti |first1=S |last2=Piacentino |first2=D |last3=Sani |first3=G |last4=Aromatario |first4=M |title=Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? |journal=Current neuropharmacology |date=January 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=71-88 |doi=10.2174/1570159X13666141210215655 |pmid=26074744 |pmc=4462044}}</ref>

==Subjective effects==

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Dosage==
-===Strains===
+See [[UserWiki:David_Hedlund/Dark_chocolate_milk|dark chocolate milk]] for preparation.
-Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref>https://books.google.se/books?id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
-* Criollo (defatted): 11.3 mg/g
+===Dosages based on cocoa strain===
-* Trinitario (defatted): 6.3/g
-* Nacional (defatted): 2.4 mg/g
-* Forastero (defatted): 1.3 mg/g
-===Orally===
+The caffeine content in the table is base on the calculation from various [[#Cocoa varieties|cocoa varieties]].<ref name="Gene A. Spiller" />
-See [[UserWiki:David_Hedlund/Dark_chocolate_milk|dark chocolate milk]] for preparation.
-====Dosages based on cocoa strain====
+{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="font-size:smaller"
-* Threshold: 20-50 mg caffeine
+|-
-** Criollo: 2-4 g
+! rowspan="2" | Level
-** Trinitario 3-9 g
+! colspan="4" | Cocoa bean strain
-** Nacional 8-21 g
+|-
-** Forastero 15-38 g
+! Criollo
-* Light: 50-100 mg caffeine
+! Trinitario
-** Criollo: 4-9 g
+! Nacional
-** Trinitario 9-16 g
+! Forastero
-** Nacional 21-42 g
+|-
-** Forastero 38-77 g
+| Threshold: 20-50 mg caffeine
-* Common: 100-200 mg caffeine
+| 2-4 g
-** Criollo: 9-18 g
+| 3-9 g
-** Trinitario 16-32
+| 8-21 g
-** Nacional 42-83 g
+| 15-38 g
-** Forastero 77-154 g
+|-
-* Strong: 200-300 mg caffeine
+| Light: 50-100 mg caffeine
-** Criollo: 18-27 g
+| 4-9 g
-** Trinitario 32-48 g
+| 9-16 g
-** Nacional 83-125 g
+| 21-42 g
-** Forastero 154-231 g
+| 38-77 g
-* Heavy: 300-400 mg caffeine
+|-
-** Criollo: 27-35 g
+| Common: 100-200 mg caffeine
-** Trinitario 48-63 g
+| 9-18 g
-** Nacional 125-167 g
+| 16-32
-** Forastero 231-308 g
+| 42-83 g
+| 77-154 g
+|-
+| Strong: 200-300 mg caffeine
+| 18-27 g
+| 32-48 g
+| 83-125 g
+| 154-231 g
+|-
+| Heavy: 300-400 mg caffeine
+| 27-35 g
+| 48-63 g
+| 125-167 g
+| 231-308 g
+|}
 ==History and culture==
-{{historyStub}}
 Several mixtures of cacao are described in ancient texts, for ceremonial or medicinal, as well as culinary, purposes. Some mixtures included maize, chili, vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), and honey. Archaeological evidence for use of cacao, while relatively sparse, has come from the recovery of whole cacao beans at Uaxactun, Guatemala.<ref>Kidder (1947).</ref>
-Ceremonial cacao has been experiencing a surge in popularity in recent years.
+Ceremonial cacao, along with retreats centered around its use, has been experiencing a surge in popularity in recent years.
 ==Chemistry==
@@ Line 76: / Line 84: @@
 ===Cocoa varieties===
-Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref>https://books.google.se/books?id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
+Caffeine content mg/g (sorted by lowest caffeine content):<ref name="Gene A. Spiller">https://books.google.se/books?id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>
 * Forastero (defatted): 1.3 mg/g
 * Nacional (defatted): 2.4 mg/g
@@ Line 87: / Line 95: @@
 Theobromine has a half-life of 10 hours but over 16% may be unmodified 48 h after a single dose of 10 mg/Kg.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martínez-Pinilla |first1=E |last2=Oñatibia-Astibia |first2=A |last3=Franco |first3=R |title=The relevance of theobromine for the beneficial effects of cocoa consumption. |journal=Frontiers in pharmacology |date=2015 |volume=6 |pages=30 |doi=10.3389/fphar.2015.00030 |pmid=25750625 |pmc=4335269}}</ref>
+It may take 4-8 weeks of caffeine abstinence to reset tolerance in regular users.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cappelletti |first1=S |last2=Piacentino |first2=D |last3=Sani |first3=G |last4=Aromatario |first4=M |title=Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? |journal=Current neuropharmacology |date=January 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=71-88 |doi=10.2174/1570159X13666141210215655 |pmid=26074744 |pmc=4462044}}</ref>
 ==Subjective effects==