RIMA: Difference between revisions

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'''Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A''' (RIMAs) are a class of drugs which selectively and reversibly inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). They are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia, though they have not gained widespread market share due to limited efficacy relative to other antidepressants. Because of their reversibility and selectivity, RIMAs are safer than the older [[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs).<ref>~~http~~://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2833271/</ref>

'''Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A''' (RIMAs) are a class of drugs which selectively and reversibly inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). They are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia, though they have not gained widespread market share due to limited efficacy relative to other antidepressants. Because of their reversibility and selectivity, RIMAs are safer than the older [[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fowler, J. S.)), ((Logan, J.)), ((Azzaro, A. J.)), ((Fielding, R. M.)), ((Zhu, W.)), ((Poshusta, A. K.)), ((Burch, D.)), ((Brand, B.)), ((Free, J.)), ((Asgharnejad, M.)), ((Wang, G.-J.)), ((Telang, F.)), ((Hubbard, B.)), ((Jayne, M.)), ((King, P.)), ((Carter, P.)), ((Carter, S.)), ((Xu, Y.)), ((Shea, C.)), ((Muench, L.)), ((Alexoff, D.)), ((Shumay, E.)), ((Schueller, M.)), ((Warner, D.)), ((Apelskog-Torres, K.)) | journal=Neuropsychopharmacology | title=Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase-A (RIMAs): Robust, Reversible Inhibition of Human Brain MAO-A by CX157 | volume=35 | issue=3 | pages=623–631 | date= February 2010 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2833271/ | issn=0893-133X | doi=10.1038/npp.2009.167}}</ref>

==Interactions==

{{~~mbox|type=notice|text=This section will never be complete since too many psychoactive substances interact with~~ RIMAs~~. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.~~ }}

{{For|psychoactive MAO-A substance interactions (but not food interactions)|MAOI#Interactions}}

While safer than general MAOIs, RIMAs still have highly dangerous and sometimes fatal interactions with many common drugs; in particular, they can cause [[serotonin#serotonin syndrome|serotonin syndrome]] or hypertensive crisis when combined with almost any antidepressant or [[stimulant]], common migraine medications, certain herbs, or even most cold medicines (including decongestants, [[antihistamines]], and cough syrup).

===Dangerous interactions===

==List of RIMAs==

* Naturally occurring sources

===Naturally occurring sources===

** [[Peganum harmala (botany)|Syrian rue (''Peganum harmala'')]]: [[Harmaline]]<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref> ~~''Peganum harmala'' also contains a [[MAOI]]s.~~

* [[Peganum harmala (botany)|Syrian rue (''Peganum harmala'')]] (note that it also contains a [[MAOI|MAO-A and MAO-B]] inhibitors)

** Turmeric (''Curcuma longa''): Curcumin<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=SK |last2=Bhutani |first2=AK |last3=Bishnoi |first3=M. |title=Antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system. |journal=Psychopharmacology |date=3 September 2008 |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=435–442 |doi=10.1007/s00213-008-1300-y |pmid=18766332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=S. K. |last2=Dhir |first2=A. |title=An Overview of Curcumin in Neurological Disorders |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |date=March 2010 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=149–154 |pmc=2929771 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.65012 |pmid=20838516}}</ref> (selectivity for MAO-A is disputed<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin and the MAO Inhibitor "Cheese Effect" from Tyramine Triggered Hypertension |url=https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |website=EmediaHealth |date=17 January 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330014040/https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |archivedate=30 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>). Curcumin is commonly sold with piperine that enhances the effect of MAO inhibition.

** [[Harmaline]]<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref>

* Psychoactive substances

** Harmine

** [[5-IT]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1530/abstract |title=5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT): a psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes is an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |author =Tomás Herraiz |author2 =Simon D. Brandt |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |date=July–August 2014 |volume=6 |issue=7–8 |pages=607–613 |doi=10.1002/dta.1530 |pmid=24115740}}</ref>

* Turmeric (''Curcuma longa''): Curcumin<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=SK |last2=Bhutani |first2=AK |last3=Bishnoi |first3=M. |title=Antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system. |journal=Psychopharmacology |date=3 September 2008 |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=435–442 |doi=10.1007/s00213-008-1300-y |pmid=18766332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=S. K. |last2=Dhir |first2=A. |title=An Overview of Curcumin in Neurological Disorders |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |date=March 2010 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=149–154 |pmc=2929771 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.65012 |pmid=20838516}}</ref> (selectivity for MAO-A is disputed<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin and the MAO Inhibitor "Cheese Effect" from Tyramine Triggered Hypertension |url=https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |website=EmediaHealth |date=17 January 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330014040/https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |archivedate=30 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>). Curcumin is commonly sold with piperine that enhances the effect of MAO inhibition.

** [[AMT]]<ref>Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs1951/41/2/41_2_191/_article</ref>

===Pharmaceuticals===

===Psychoactive substances===

* Moclobemide ~~(trade~~ names: Apo-Moclob, Apo-Moclobemide, Auromid, Aurorix, Bei Su, Biorix, Depnil, Eutac, Hai Bei Lin, Langtian, Manerix, Mobemid, Moclamine, Moclo A, Moclobemid - 1 A Pharma, Moclobemid AL, Moclobemid HEXAL, Moclobemid ratiopharm, Moclobemida, Moclobemida Genedec, Moclobemida Teva, Moclobemide Actavis, Moclobemide Aurobindo, Moclobemide CF, Moclobemide Mylan, Moclobemide Sandoz, Moclobemide Sopharma, Moclobemide Teva, Moclobemid-neuraxpharm, Moclobemid-ratiopharm, Moclobeta, Moclod, moclodura, Moclostad, Mocrim, Modafinil Arrow, Moklar, Teva-Moclobemide, Tian Tai, Ya Zheng, and Zorix<ref name=drugs.comINTMoclobemide>{{cite web|title=Moclobemide International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/Moclobemide.html|publisher=Drugs.com|accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref>)

* [[5-IT]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1530/abstract |title=5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT): a psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes is an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |author =Tomás Herraiz |author2 =Simon D. Brandt |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |date=July–August 2014 |volume=6 |issue=7–8 |pages=607–613 |doi=10.1002/dta.1530 |pmid=24115740}}</ref>

* Toloxatone (Humoryl) (available in France)

* [[AMT]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Arai, Y.)), ((Toyoshima, Y.)), ((Kinemuchi, H.)) | journal=The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology | title=Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages=191–197 | date= 1986 | doi=10.1254/jjp.41.191}}</ref>

====Pharmaceuticals====

For an updated list of RIMAs, see: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor#List_of_RIMAs List of RIMAs (Wikipedia)]

=====Moclobemide=====

Trade names: Apo-Moclob, Apo-Moclobemide, Auromid, Aurorix, Bei Su, Biorix, Depnil, Eutac, Hai Bei Lin, Langtian, Manerix, Mobemid, Moclamine, Moclo A, Moclobemid - 1 A Pharma, Moclobemid AL, Moclobemid HEXAL, Moclobemid ratiopharm, Moclobemida, Moclobemida Genedec, Moclobemida Teva, Moclobemide Actavis, Moclobemide Aurobindo, Moclobemide CF, Moclobemide Mylan, Moclobemide Sandoz, Moclobemide Sopharma, Moclobemide Teva, Moclobemid-neuraxpharm, Moclobemid-ratiopharm, Moclobeta, Moclod, moclodura, Moclostad, Mocrim, Modafinil Arrow, Moklar, Teva-Moclobemide, Tian Tai, Ya Zheng, and Zorix)<ref name=drugs.comINTMoclobemide>{{cite web|title=Moclobemide International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/Moclobemide.html|publisher=Drugs.com|accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref>

======Tyramine interaction======

With moclobemide doses above 900 mg/d the risk of interaction with ingested tyramine might become clinically relevant.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595913/</ref>

==References==

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[[Category:MAOI]]

[[Category:Antidepressant]]

[[Category:Pharmacology]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{See also|MAOI}}
+{{For|irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)|MAOI}}
-'''Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A''' (RIMAs) are a class of drugs which selectively and reversibly inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). They are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia, though they have not gained widespread market share due to limited efficacy relative to other antidepressants. Because of their reversibility and selectivity, RIMAs are safer than the older [[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs).<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2833271/</ref>
+'''Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A''' (RIMAs) are a class of drugs which selectively and reversibly inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). They are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia, though they have not gained widespread market share due to limited efficacy relative to other antidepressants. Because of their reversibility and selectivity, RIMAs are safer than the older [[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fowler, J. S.)), ((Logan, J.)), ((Azzaro, A. J.)), ((Fielding, R. M.)), ((Zhu, W.)), ((Poshusta, A. K.)), ((Burch, D.)), ((Brand, B.)), ((Free, J.)), ((Asgharnejad, M.)), ((Wang, G.-J.)), ((Telang, F.)), ((Hubbard, B.)), ((Jayne, M.)), ((King, P.)), ((Carter, P.)), ((Carter, S.)), ((Xu, Y.)), ((Shea, C.)), ((Muench, L.)), ((Alexoff, D.)), ((Shumay, E.)), ((Schueller, M.)), ((Warner, D.)), ((Apelskog-Torres, K.)) | journal=Neuropsychopharmacology | title=Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase-A (RIMAs): Robust, Reversible Inhibition of Human Brain MAO-A by CX157 | volume=35 | issue=3 | pages=623–631 | date= February 2010 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2833271/ | issn=0893-133X | doi=10.1038/npp.2009.167}}</ref>
 ==Interactions==
-{{mbox|type=notice|text=This section will never be complete since too many psychoactive substances interact with RIMAs. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. }}
+{{Information/MAOIs and RIMAs}}
 {{For|psychoactive MAO-A substance interactions (but not food interactions)|MAOI#Interactions}}
 While safer than general MAOIs, RIMAs still have highly dangerous and sometimes fatal interactions with many common drugs; in particular, they can cause [[serotonin#serotonin syndrome|serotonin syndrome]] or hypertensive crisis when combined with almost any antidepressant or [[stimulant]], common migraine medications, certain herbs, or even most cold medicines (including decongestants, [[antihistamines]], and cough syrup).
+===Dangerous interactions===
+{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
+{{DangerousInteractions/MAOIs}}
 ==List of RIMAs==
 {{see also|MAOI#List of MAOIs}}
-* Naturally occurring sources
+===Naturally occurring sources===
-** [[Peganum harmala (botany)|Syrian rue (''Peganum harmala'')]]: [[Harmaline]]<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref> ''Peganum harmala'' also contains a [[MAOI]]s.
+* [[Peganum harmala (botany)|Syrian rue (''Peganum harmala'')]] (note that it also contains a [[MAOI|MAO-A and MAO-B]] inhibitors)
-** Turmeric (''Curcuma longa''): Curcumin<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=SK |last2=Bhutani |first2=AK |last3=Bishnoi |first3=M. |title=Antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system. |journal=Psychopharmacology |date=3 September 2008 |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=435–442 |doi=10.1007/s00213-008-1300-y |pmid=18766332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=S. K. |last2=Dhir |first2=A. |title=An Overview of Curcumin in Neurological Disorders |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |date=March 2010 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=149–154 |pmc=2929771 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.65012 |pmid=20838516}}</ref> (selectivity for MAO-A is disputed<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin and the MAO Inhibitor "Cheese Effect" from Tyramine Triggered Hypertension |url=https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |website=EmediaHealth |date=17 January 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330014040/https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |archivedate=30 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>). Curcumin is commonly sold with piperine that enhances the effect of MAO inhibition.
+** [[Harmaline]]<ref>{{ cite book | author = Massaro, E. J. | title = Handbook of Neurotoxicology | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, NJ | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-89603-796-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2c2K-epbCDQC&pg=PA237&lpg=PA237&dq=harmaline+antidepressant | page = 237 }}</ref>
-* Psychoactive substances
+** Harmine
-** [[5-IT]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1530/abstract |title=5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT): a psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes is an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |author =Tomás Herraiz |author2 =Simon D. Brandt |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |date=July–August 2014 |volume=6 |issue=7–8 |pages=607–613 |doi=10.1002/dta.1530 |pmid=24115740}}</ref>
+* Turmeric (''Curcuma longa''): Curcumin<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=SK |last2=Bhutani |first2=AK |last3=Bishnoi |first3=M. |title=Antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system. |journal=Psychopharmacology |date=3 September 2008 |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=435–442 |doi=10.1007/s00213-008-1300-y |pmid=18766332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kulkarni |first1=S. K. |last2=Dhir |first2=A. |title=An Overview of Curcumin in Neurological Disorders |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |date=March 2010 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=149–154 |pmc=2929771 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.65012 |pmid=20838516}}</ref> (selectivity for MAO-A is disputed<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin and the MAO Inhibitor "Cheese Effect" from Tyramine Triggered Hypertension |url=https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |website=EmediaHealth |date=17 January 2012 |accessdate=28 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330014040/https://emediahealth.com/2012/01/17/curcumin-and-the-mao-inhibitor-cheese-effect-from-tyramine-triggered-hypertension/ |archivedate=30 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>). Curcumin is commonly sold with piperine that enhances the effect of MAO inhibition.
-** [[AMT]]<ref>Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs1951/41/2/41_2_191/_article</ref>
-===Pharmaceuticals===
+===Psychoactive substances===
-* Moclobemide (trade names: Apo-Moclob, Apo-Moclobemide, Auromid, Aurorix, Bei Su, Biorix, Depnil, Eutac, Hai Bei Lin, Langtian, Manerix, Mobemid, Moclamine, Moclo A, Moclobemid - 1 A Pharma, Moclobemid AL, Moclobemid HEXAL, Moclobemid ratiopharm, Moclobemida, Moclobemida Genedec, Moclobemida Teva, Moclobemide Actavis, Moclobemide Aurobindo, Moclobemide CF, Moclobemide Mylan, Moclobemide Sandoz, Moclobemide Sopharma, Moclobemide Teva, Moclobemid-neuraxpharm, Moclobemid-ratiopharm, Moclobeta, Moclod, moclodura, Moclostad, Mocrim, Modafinil Arrow, Moklar, Teva-Moclobemide, Tian Tai, Ya Zheng, and Zorix<ref name=drugs.comINTMoclobemide>{{cite web|title=Moclobemide International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/Moclobemide.html|publisher=Drugs.com|accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref>)
+* [[5-IT]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1530/abstract |title=5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT): a psychoactive substance used for recreational purposes is an inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) |author =Tomás Herraiz |author2 =Simon D. Brandt |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |date=July–August 2014 |volume=6 |issue=7–8 |pages=607–613 |doi=10.1002/dta.1530 |pmid=24115740}}</ref>
-* Toloxatone (Humoryl) (available in France)
+* [[AMT]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Arai, Y.)), ((Toyoshima, Y.)), ((Kinemuchi, H.)) | journal=The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology | title=Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages=191–197 | date= 1986 | doi=10.1254/jjp.41.191}}</ref>
+====Pharmaceuticals====
+For an updated list of RIMAs, see: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor#List_of_RIMAs List of RIMAs (Wikipedia)]
+=====Moclobemide=====
+Trade names: Apo-Moclob, Apo-Moclobemide, Auromid, Aurorix, Bei Su, Biorix, Depnil, Eutac, Hai Bei Lin, Langtian, Manerix, Mobemid, Moclamine, Moclo A, Moclobemid - 1 A Pharma, Moclobemid AL, Moclobemid HEXAL, Moclobemid ratiopharm, Moclobemida, Moclobemida Genedec, Moclobemida Teva, Moclobemide Actavis, Moclobemide Aurobindo, Moclobemide CF, Moclobemide Mylan, Moclobemide Sandoz, Moclobemide Sopharma, Moclobemide Teva, Moclobemid-neuraxpharm, Moclobemid-ratiopharm, Moclobeta, Moclod, moclodura, Moclostad, Mocrim, Modafinil Arrow, Moklar, Teva-Moclobemide, Tian Tai, Ya Zheng, and Zorix)<ref name=drugs.comINTMoclobemide>{{cite web|title=Moclobemide International Brands|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/Moclobemide.html|publisher=Drugs.com|accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref>
+======Tyramine interaction======
+With moclobemide doses above 900 mg/d the risk of interaction with ingested tyramine might become clinically relevant.<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595913/</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 35: / Line 47: @@
 [[Category:MAOI]]
 [[Category:Antidepressant]]
+[[Category:Pharmacology]]
+{{#set:Featured=true}}