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'''Ethcathinone''' (also known as '''Ethylcathinone''', '''Ethylpropion''', '''ETH-CAT''', or '''ETHCAT''') is a synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] chemical class that produces typical [[amphetamine|amphetamine-like]] [[stimulation]] when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is an active metabolite of the [[prodrug]] [[diethylcathinone]] and is thought to be responsible for its psychoactive effects. Ethcathinone has been identified as an ingredient in both quasi-legal "party pills", and, along with another [[substituted cathinone]], [[mephedrone]], has also been reported as having been sold as "ecstasy"<ref>Police warn of potentially fatal 'fake ecstasy' | http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-06-17/police-warn-of-potentially-fatal-fake-ecstasy/2475270</ref>


Ethcathinone has a relatively short period of human use and is generally considered to be well tolerated due to its low ceiling and euphoria ceiling. Of the simple substituted cathinones, ethcathinone has been reported to be moderate and residually enduring in its stimulation. Although it has no strong, habit-forming rush component like [[mephedrone]] ('''4-methylmethcathinone'''), ethcathinone is often reported to exhibit a tendency to induce compulsive redosing.  
'''Ethylcathinone''' (also known as '''Ethylpropion''', '''Ethcathinone''', and commonly as '''ETH-CAT''') is a [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] chemical class that produces [[stimulating]] and [[focus enhancement|focus enhancing]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. It is structurally related to [[cathinone]] and [[methcathinone]] (MCAT), which broadly shares the effects profile of [[amphetamine]] or [[methylphenidate]].  


Ethcathinone is rarely available on the streets, but is instead primarily distributed as a [[research chemical]] on the online. grey market.<ref>Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs) (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609</ref><ref>Chemical analysis of four capsules containing the controlled substance analogues 4-methylmethcathinone, 2-fluoromethamphetamine, alpha-phthalimidopropiophenone and N-ethylcathinone (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20074881</ref> Due to its short history of human use, moderately compulsive nature, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly advised to use [[harm reduction]] techniques if choosing to use this substance.
Of the [[substituted cathinones]], ETH-CAT reportedly produces the most moderate and residually long-lasting stimulation, with subtle effects that persist well after the initial rush. It has been described as having a more functional than recreational character due to the limited euphoria it produces for a stimulant, although its short active duration can promote [[compulsive redosing]].
 
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of ETH-CAT, and it has little history of human usage. It is primarily distributed as a [[research chemical]] on the online grey market.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Rösner, P.)), ((Quednow, B.)), ((Girreser, U.)), ((Junge, T.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs) | volume=148 | issue=2–3 | pages=143–156 | date=10 March 2005 | issn=0379-0738 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.003}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Camilleri, A.)), ((Johnston, M. R.)), ((Brennan, M.)), ((Davis, S.)), ((Caldicott, D. G. E.)) | journal=Forensic Science International | title=Chemical analysis of four capsules containing the controlled substance analogues 4-methylmethcathinone, 2-fluoromethamphetamine, alpha-phthalimidopropiophenone and N-ethylcathinone | volume=197 | issue=1–3 | pages=59–66 | date=15 April 2010 | issn=1872-6283 | doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.048}}</ref> In 2008 it was identified as an ingredient in both quasi-legal "party pills". It has also been reported as having been sold as "ecstasy" along with another [[substituted cathinone]], [[mephedrone]].<ref>{{Citation | year=2008 | title=Police warn of potentially fatal “fake ecstasy” | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-06-17/police-warn-of-potentially-fatal-fake-ecstasy/2475270}}</ref> It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.  


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Ethcathinone is comprised of a [[phenethylamine]] core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group through an ethyl chain containing a beta-ketone group (what is known as a '''cathinone''' molecule) with an additional ethyl substitution at R<sub>α</sub>. It can be thought of as the cathinone homolog of [[ethylamphetamine]] as it has the same general formula, differing only in the addition of a single double bonded oxygen.
Ethylcathinone, or ETH-CAT, is a synthetic [[alkaloid]] of the [[substituted cathinone]] class. Substituted cathinones are all derivatives of [[cathinone]], a stimulant substance which is structurally and functionally related to [[amphetamine]] and the principal active psychoactive component present in the [[khat]] plant (''Catha edulis''). The cathinone molecule is comprised of a [[phenethylamine]] core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group at the end of an ethyl side-chain that contains ketone group in the beta position.  


[[File:Cathinone-general-structure.gif|thumbnail|right|245px|Cathinone substitutive structure.]]
In distinction to its N-methylated lower homolog, methcathinone (M-CAT), ETH-CAT possesses an additional ethyl substitution at R<sub>α</sub>. ETH-CAT can be thought of as the cathinone analog of [[ethylamphetamine]] given it has the same general formula, differing only by the addition of a single double-bonded oxygen (i.e. the ketone group).
 
[[File:Substituted_cathinone.svg|thumbnail|right|215px|Cathinone substitutive structure.]]


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Although the effects of ethcathinone have not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]] or other substituted cathinones like [[methcathinone]], it is possible to speculate that like other simple [[substituted cathinone]], it most likely acts primarily as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Cathinone derivatives: A review of their
Although the effects of ETH-CAT have not been formally studied on the same level as traditional [[amphetamines]] or other substituted cathinones like [[methcathinone]], it is possible to speculate that like other simple [[substituted cathinone]], it most likely acts principally as a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Deventer, K.)), ((Van Eenoo, P.)), ((Baele, G.)), ((Pozo, O. J.)), ((Van Thuyne, W.)), ((Delbeke, F. T.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Interpretation of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and its metabolite cathine in relation to doping control | volume=1 | issue=5 | pages=209–213 | date= May 2009 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.31 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.31}}</ref> It however has been shown that ETH-CAT is a selective substrate for the norepinephrine transporter (NET).<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Trachsel, D.)), ((Lehmann, D.)), ((Enzensperger, C.)) | date= 2013 | title=Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion | publisher=Nachtschatten Verlag | series=Edition Nachtschatten Science | isbn=9783037887004}}</ref>
chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology | DOI 10.1002/dta.31</ref> The result of this is an effective increase in the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine [[neurotransmitters]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the key area of the brain linked to reward and pleasure to extra-endogenous levels, resulting in stimulating, motivatory and euphoric effects.
 
The result of this is an effective increase in the levels of [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitters]] like [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear these neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. This enables dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate between the [[synaptic cleft|synaptic clefts]] of key regions of the brain associated with reward, motivation, satisfaction and pleasure to extra-endogenous levels. This mechanism is thought to account for the [[Stimulation|stimulating]], [[Motivation enhancement|motivation enhancing]] and [[Euphoria|euphoric]] effects that this substance produces.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
Ethylcathinone at low to moderate doses has been reported as being a relatively functional and effective amphetamine-like stimulant for performing general productivity tasks -- although its short action of duration may present a drawback compared to other stimulants due to the compulsive redosing it requires to maintain a steady concentration. However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity oriented stimuant and more of a recreational one, due to the distracting nature of the euphoria and stimulation it can produce, although it is reported to fall short of other related cathinone stimulants such as [[mephedrone]], [[methylone]], and [[methcathinone]]. Users should not that while the main effects of this substance is short, the residual stimulation it can produce can be quite long lasting.
At low to moderate doses, ETH-CAT has been reported as being a relatively functional and effective amphetamine-like stimulant for performing general productivity tasks. It has a noticeably short duration of activity combined with a tendency to produce long-lasting residual stimulation well after the main effects have worn off, which can promote patterns of [[compulsive redosing]] in order to maintain a steady level of the desired amount of physical and cognitive [[stimulation]].  
 
However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity-oriented stimulant and takes on a recreational character, perhaps owing to the inherently distracting nature of the type of [[thought acceleration]] and [[cognitive euphoria]] it can induce. However, even at high doses, it is reported as falling short of many other, far more hedonic and recreational [[substituted cathinones]] such as [[mephedrone]], [[methylone]], and [[methcathinone]] (M-CAT).


{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
 
{{effects/base
===Physical effects===
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
Line 34: Line 35:
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].


===Cognitive effects===
}}
The cognitive effects of ethcathinone can be broken down into several components which intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of ethcathinone is described by many as one of mental stimulation coupled with mild euphoria, less present than that of [[amphetamine]], even at higher doses.
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
 
 
|{{effects/cognitive|
The cognitive effects of ETH-CAT can be broken down into several components which intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of ETH-CAT is described by many as one of mental [[stimulation]], [[focus enhancement]] and [[thought acceleration]] coupled with a mild sense of [[euphoria]] that is less pronounced than the head space of [[amphetamine]], even at strong to heavy doses.


*'''[[Effect::Addiction suppression]]''' - In comparison to [[amphetamines]], ethylcathinone lacks pronounced euphoria, yet retains a similar effect profile, potentially offering reduced propensity to abuse.<ref>Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017961</ref> This does not, however, mean that ethylcathinone is absent from habit-forming effects on its own.
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - This compound produces little to no anxiety unless it is taken in large doses or redosed repeatedly.
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought organization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought organization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - The cognitive euphoria that this substance produces is often reported to be extremely mild compared to other stimulants in its class.
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''


===Visual effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Vibrating vision]]''' - This component primarily occurs at higher doses and may be indicative of toxicity and/or overdose.
 
{{effects/visual|
*'''[[Effect::Visual haze]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual haze]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]''' - This component primarily occurs at higher doses or after a sustained period of redosing.
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]''' - As with most other stimulants, this component primarily occurs at higher doses or after a sustained period of redosing.
 
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:


===After effects===
*[https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Ethylcathinone.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: Ethylcathinone]
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational ethcathinone use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because ethcathinone has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal reports from people within the community who have tried ethcathinone suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Others have commented that its d-isomer form is virtually similar to the effects of d-[[amphetamine]], and thus far little has been shown to give reason to suspect that its toxicity is radically different (though future evidence to the contrary may prove otherwise).  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational ETH-CAT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because ETH-CAT has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal reports from people within the community who have tried ETH-CAT suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (although nothing can be completely guaranteed). Others have commented that its d-isomer form is virtually similar to the effects of [[amphetamine|d-isomer amphetamine]], and has thus far shown little reason to suspect that its toxicity is radically different (though this has yet to be scientifically validated).{{citation needed}}
 
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulants]], ETH-CAT may also possess habit-forming or reinforcing properties. Compared with other stimulants, however, chronic use of ETH-CAT is more likely to be considered to be only [[Addiction potential::mildly addictive with a comparatively low potential for abuse]]. Early studies demonstrate ETH-CAT suppresses cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys, without the adverse effects associated with older dopamine [[releasers|releasing agent]] (e.g., amphetamine).{{citation needed}} Despite this, ethcathinone may still be capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users.


As with other [[stimulant]]s, ethcathinone may also possess habit-forming or reinforcing properties. Compared with other stimulants, however chronic use of ethcathinone can be considered only [[Addiction potential::mildly addictive with a comparatively low potential for abuse]]. Early studies demonstrate ethcathinone suppresses cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys, without the adverse effects associated with older DA releasers (e.g., amphetamine).{{citation needed}} Despite this, ethcathinone may still be capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users.
Tolerance to many of the effects of ETH-CAT [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::2 - 3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::3-5 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). ETH-CAT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of ETH-CAT all [[stimulants]] will have a reduced effect.
 
Tolerance to many of the effects of ethyathinone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 10 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Ethylcathinone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of ethcathinone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.


===Psychosis===
===Psychosis===
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextro[[amphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.<ref>Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>
Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[delusions]]).<ref name="amptreat">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for [[amphetamine]] and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="amptreat" /><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="amptreat" /> Psychosis is known to arises only very rarely from therapeutic use.<ref>http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf</ref>


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
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{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Ethylcathinone can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Ethylcathinone can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]]s.
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamines]].
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous levels.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous levels.


==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
Ethylcathinone is currently an unscheduled compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and is not explicitly prohibited within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws due to its similarity to methcathinone -- a widely prohibited substance -- and with intent to sell or consume.
ETH-CAT is currently a grey area compound within many parts of the world. People may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.


*'''China''' - As of October 2015 Ethylcathinone is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
*'''Brazil''': On September 7, 2018, all cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>New blanket ban on synthetic illegal drugs is approved (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/noticias/-/asset_publisher/FXrpx9qY7FbU/content/combate-a-drogas-ilicitas-sinteticas-fica-mais-facil</ref>
*'''Denmark''' - Ethcathinone, along with mephedrone and flephedrone, was banned in Denmark on December 18, 2008.<ref>Forbud mod tre nye stoffer | http://nyheder.tv2.dk/article.php/id-19197033.html?forside=</ref>
*'''China''': As of October 2015 Ethylcathinone is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''Denmark''': Ethcathinone, along with mephedrone and flephedrone, was banned in Denmark on December 18, 2008.<ref>Forbud mod tre nye stoffer | http://nyheder.tv2.dk/article.php/id-19197033.html?forside=</ref>
*'''United States''' - Ethylcathinone may be considered to be an analog of amphetamine, thus falling under the Federal Analog Act.The Federal Analog Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.  
*'''Germany''': Ethylcathinone is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 26, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?start=%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl112s1639.pdf%27%5D|title=Sechsundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 25, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Poland''': Ethylcathinone is a Group I-P controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | title=Ustawa z dnia 24 kwietnia 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii oraz niektórych innych ustaw (Dz.U. z 2015 r. poz. 875).
  | url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20150000875}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': Ethylcathinone in list I.<ref>https://www.lakemedelsverket.se/sv/lagar-och-regler/foreskrifter/2011-10-konsoliderad</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': Ethylcathinone is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': Ethylcathinone is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': Ethylcathinone may be considered to be an analogue of amphetamine under the Federal Analogue Act.The Federal Analogue Act, 21 U.S.C. § 813, is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act, allowing any chemical "substantially similar" to an illegal drug (in Schedule I or II) to be treated as if it were also in Schedule I or II, but only if it is intended for human consumption.<ref>{{Citation | title=21 U.S. Code § 813 - Treatment of controlled substance analogues | url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/813}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Substituted cathinone]]
*[[Substituted cathinone]]
*[[Methcathinone]]
*[[Amphetamine]]
*[[Amphetamine]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethcathinone Ethcathinone (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethcathinone Ethcathinone (Wikipedia)]
*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/ethylcathinone/ethylcathinone.shtml Ethcathinone (Erowid)]
*[https://erowid.org/chemicals/ethylcathinone/ethylcathinone.shtml Ethcathinone (Erowid Vault)]
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/ethylcathinone Ethcathinone (TripSit)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=2019 ETH-CAT (Isomer Design)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
 
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Stimulant]]
[[Category:Cathinone]]
[[Category:Cathinone]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
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Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/ETH-CAT"