Serotonergic psychedelic: Difference between revisions

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The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops (also known as CSTC-loops) appear to be central to the function of psychedelics,<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref> which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.

The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31887~~%2FDCNS~~.2001.3.4~~%2Ffxvollenweider~~</ref><ref>[http://archive.today/jcBm Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref>

The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider</ref><ref>[http://archive.today/jcBm Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref>

Furthermore, over-activation of the ''locus coeruleus'' and subsequent widespread [[norepinephrine]] secretion may occur, causing a perceived state of sensory transcendence and sometimes even intense spiritual or [[transpersonal]] experiences.

It is worth noting that [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (a class of [[antidepressants]] including ~~Paxil, Prozac~~, and ~~Zoloft~~) can increase the dosage required for hallucinogenic effects in some people (based on anecdotal reports). Some users, however, have found this to be entirely untrue for them, so those who are using daily antidepressants should, at first, only attempt a common dosage.

It is worth noting that [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (a class of [[antidepressants]] including Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Sertraline) can increase the dosage required for hallucinogenic effects in some people (based on anecdotal reports). Some users, however, have found this to be entirely untrue for them, so those who are using daily antidepressants should, at first, only attempt a common dosage.

==Examples==

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 The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops (also known as CSTC-loops) appear to be central to the function of psychedelics,<ref>Taylor, S. B., Lewis, C. R., & Olive, M. F. (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 4, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S39684; [..] The overall output of the basal ganglia is predominantly via the thalamus, which then projects back to the PFC to form cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops. [..]</ref> which are also regulated by the serotonergic system. These control loops connect brain areas like the frontal lobe, the striatum and the thalamus; they aggregate, process and forward internal and external information.
-The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31887%2FDCNS.2001.3.4%2Ffxvollenweider</ref><ref>[http://archive.today/jcBm Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref>
+The disruption of the neurotransmitter balance causes these control loops to collapse overwhelmed, leading to the flooding of the frontal lobe with neuronal excitatory glutamate; internal and external stimuli as well as all kinds of non-conscious contents can freely move up to the cerebral cortex and appear as visions in consciousness.<ref>Vollenweider, F. X. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 265–79. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider</ref><ref>[http://archive.today/jcBm Edelrausch im Labor] – ''Neuro Culture Lab'' (German)</ref>
 Furthermore, over-activation of the ''locus coeruleus'' and subsequent widespread [[norepinephrine]] secretion may occur, causing a perceived state of sensory transcendence and sometimes even intense spiritual or [[transpersonal]] experiences.
-It is worth noting that [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (a class of [[antidepressants]] including Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft) can increase the dosage required for hallucinogenic effects in some people (based on anecdotal reports). Some users, however, have found this to be entirely untrue for them, so those who are using daily antidepressants should, at first, only attempt a common dosage.
+It is worth noting that [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (a class of [[antidepressants]] including Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Sertraline) can increase the dosage required for hallucinogenic effects in some people (based on anecdotal reports). Some users, however, have found this to be entirely untrue for them, so those who are using daily antidepressants should, at first, only attempt a common dosage.
 ==Examples==