DPT: Difference between revisions

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'''N,N-Dipropyltryptamine''' (also known as '''Dipropyltryptamine''', '''DPT''',  and '''"The Light"''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. It is closely related to [[DMT]] and is reported to be uniquely similar in its hallucinogenic intensity, albeit with a moderately longer duration and greater unpredictability relative to DMT and other psychedelic tryptamines.  
'''N,N-Dipropyltryptamine''' (also known as '''Dipropyltryptamine''', '''DPT''',  and '''"The Light"''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. It is closely related to [[DMT]] and is reported to be uniquely similar in its hallucinogenic intensity, albeit with a moderately longer duration and greater unpredictability relative to DMT and other psychedelic tryptamines.  


DPT was first synthesized in 1950.<ref>Li, J. X., Rice, K., & France, C. P. (2007). Behavioral effects of dipropyltryptamine (DPT) in rats: role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.</ref> Human use was first reported in 1973, where it was researched in low doses as an adjunct to therapy for alcoholism.<ref>Grof, S., Soskin, R. A., Richards, W. A., & Kurland, A. A. (1972). DPT as an adjunct in psychotherapy of alcoholics. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 8(1), 104-115. PMID: 4150711</ref> It has also been researched in high doses to induce peak experiences for terminal cancer patients.<ref>Richards, W. A., Rhead, J. C., DiLeo, F. B., Yensen, R., & Kurland, A. A. (1977). The peak experience variable in DPT-assisted psychotherapy with cancer patients. ''Journal of Psychedelic Drugs'', 9(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1977.10472020</ref> It has gained some notoriety for its adoption as the primary sacrament for the "Temple of the True Inner Light" in the United States, a Christian off-shoot organization who believe in the ritual use of [[psychedelics]] and refer to them as "the true flesh of God."<ref>Temple of the True Inner Light | http://psychede.tripod.com/</ref>
DPT was first synthesized in 1950.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=J. X.|last2=Rice|first2=K.|last3=France|first3=C. P.|year=2007|title=Behavioral effects of dipropyltryptamine in rats: evidence for 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A agonist activity|journal=Behavioural Pharmacology|issn=0955-8810|eissn=1473-5849|oclc=22170289|volume=18|issue=4|pages=283-288|doi=10.1097/FBP.0b013e3281f19ca0|pmid=17551320}}</ref> Human use was first reported in 1973, where it was researched in low doses as an adjunct to therapy for alcoholism.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grof|first1=S.|last2=Soskin|first2=R. A.|last3=Richards|first3=W. A.|last4=Kurland|first4=A. A.|title=DPT as an Adjunct in Psychotherapy of Alcoholics|year=1973|journal=International Pharmacopsychiatry|issn=0020-8272|oclc=1753673|doi=10.1159/000467979|pmid=4150711|volume=8|issue=1|pages=104-115}}</ref> It has also been researched in high doses to induce peak experiences for terminal cancer patients.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Richards|first1=W. A.|last2=Rhead|first2=J. C.|last3=Dileo|first3=F. B.|last4=Yensen|first4=R.|last5=Kurland|first5=A. A.|title=The Peak Experience Variable in DPT-Assisted Psychotherapy with Cancer Patients|year=1977|volume=9|issue=1|journal=Journal of Psychedelic Drugs|pages=1-10|issn=0022-393X|oclc=7565359|doi=10.1080/02791072.1977.10472020}}</ref> It has gained some notoriety for its adoption as the primary sacrament for the "Temple of the True Inner Light" in the United States, a Christian off-shoot organization who believe in the ritual use of [[psychedelics]] and refer to them as "the true flesh of God."<ref>{{cite web|title=Temple of the True Inner Light|access-date=January 9, 2020|url=http://psychede.tripod.com/}}</ref>


DPT is commonly consumed via [[insufflation]] or [[orally]]. Many report the experience of insufflation to be very congestive and painful which, with the rapidness of onset, does not give the user much time to acclimate themselves to its powerful effects. It can also be administered [[intramuscular|intramuscularly]] or via [[vaporization]] after conversion to the freebase form. Smoking the freebase is reported to be the preferred route used by the "Temple of True Inner Light".{{citation needed}}
DPT is commonly consumed via [[insufflation]] or [[orally]]. Many report the experience of insufflation to be very congestive and painful which, with the rapidness of onset, does not give the user much time to acclimate themselves to its powerful effects. It can also be administered [[intramuscular|intramuscularly]] or via [[vaporization]] after conversion to the freebase form. Smoking the freebase is reported to be the preferred route used by the "Temple of True Inner Light". More experienced members ingest a DPT tea. {{citation needed}}


Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of DPT, and it has relatively little history of human usage. It has long been available on the [[research chemicals]] market as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[DMT]], and commercially distributed through online vendors. Many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely for those who are not already very experienced with [[hallucinogens]]. It is highly advised to approach this powerful [[psychedelic]] substance with the proper amount of precaution and [[Responsible drug use#Hallucinogens|harm reduction practices]] when using it.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of DPT, and it has relatively little history of human usage. It has long been available on the [[research chemicals]] market as a legal, grey-market alternative to [[DMT]], and commercially distributed through online vendors. Many reports also suggest that this substance may be overly difficult to use safely for those who are not already very experienced with [[hallucinogens]]. It is highly advised to approach this powerful [[psychedelic]] substance with the proper amount of precaution and [[Responsible drug use#Hallucinogens|harm reduction practices]] when using it.
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{{pharmacology}}
{{pharmacology}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
DPT's [[psychedelic]] effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] and [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]] [[receptor]] as a [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]].<ref>William E. Fantegrossi, Chad J. Reissig, Elyse B. Katz, Haley L. Yarosh, Kenner C. Rice, Jerrold C. Winterb. Hallucinogen-like effects of N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT): possible mediation by serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in rodents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 January; 88(3): 358–365.</ref>
Studies on rodents have found that the effectiveness with which a selective 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonist blocks the behavioral actions of this compound strongly suggest that the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor is an important site of action for DPT, but the modulatory actions of a 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor antagonist also imply a 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>-mediated component to the actions of DPT.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fantegrossi, W.)), ((Reissig, C.)), ((Katz, E.)), ((Yarosh, H.)), ((Rice, K.)), ((Winter, J.)) | journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior | title=Hallucinogen-like effects of N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT): Possible mediation by serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in rodents | volume=88 | issue=3 | pages=358–365 | date= January 2008 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091305707002894 | issn=00913057 | doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2007.09.007}}</ref> The role of these interactions and how they result in the [[psychedelic]] experience remains the subject of ongoing scientific investigation.
 
The role of these interactions and how they result in the [[psychedelic]] experience remains the subject of ongoing scientific investigation.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
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{{toxicity}}
{{toxicity}}
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DPT do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because DPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DPT do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because DPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. There has been one death associated with the use DPT and seizures, but the dose is unknown.<ref>{{Citation | vauthors=((Tribune, B. D. S.)) | title=Carver County teen’s death puts spotlight on ease of purchasing synthetic drugs online | url=https://www.startribune.com/carver-county-teen-s-death-puts-spotlight-on-ease-of-purchasing-synthetic-drugs-online/330344661/}}</ref>


Anecdotal reports from those who have taken DPT suggests that negative health effects are not likely to occur from simply trying it by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (although nothing can be guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Anecdotal reports from those who have taken DPT suggests that negative health effects are not likely to occur from simply trying it by itself at low to moderate doses and using it sparingly (although nothing can be guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
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DPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. As with most psychedelics, it is reported to be self-limiting.
DPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. As with most psychedelics, it is reported to be self-limiting.


Tolerance to the effects of DPT have been shown to not be built in animal models.<ref>Tolerance and cross-tolerance to head twitch behavior elicited by phenethylamine- and tryptamine-derived hallucinogens in mice. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25271256</ref> However, it has been reported to be able to build slightly relative to [[DMT]], although still to an insignificant degree compared to most psychedelics.
Tolerance to the effects of DPT has been shown to not be built in animal models.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=D. A.|last2=Bailey|first2=J. M.|last3=Williams|first3=D.|last4=Fantegrossi|first4=W. E.|title=Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance to Head Twitch Behavior Elicited by Phenethylamine- and Tryptamine-Derived Hallucinogens in Mice|year=2014|journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics|volume=351|issue=2|pages=485-491|doi=10.1124/jpet.114.219337|pmid=    25271256|pmc=4309922|issn=0022-3565|eissn=1521-0103|oclc=1606914}}</ref> However, it has been reported to be able to build slightly relative to [[DMT]], although still to an insignificant degree compared to most psychedelics.


===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}


*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089</ref> and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Tramadol]]''' - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Talaie|first1=H.|last2=Panahandeh|first2=R.|last3=Fayaznouri|first3=M. R.|last4=Asadi|first4=Z.|last5=Abdollahi|first5=M.|title=Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol|year=2009|journal=Journal of Medical Toxicology|volume=5|issue=2|pages=63-67|doi=10.1007/BF03161089|issn=1556-9039|eissn=1937-6995|oclc=163567183|pmid=19415589|pmc=3550327}}</ref> and LSD also has the potential to induce seizures in susceptible individuals. and [[psychedelics]] may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable [[anxiety]], [[Panic attacks|panic]], [[thought loops]] and [[paranoia]]. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.{{citation needed}}
*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}}
*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication) Lithium]''' - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its [[Glutamate|glutaminergic]] and [[GABA|GABAergic]] effects.{{citation needed}}
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==Legal status==
==Legal status==


*'''Latvia:''' DPT is a Schedule I drug.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (Triptamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>
*'''Germany''': DPT is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''New Zealand:''' DPT is an analogue of DMT, so is a Class C controlled drug in New Zealand.<ref>http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html#DLM436576</ref>
*'''Latvia''': DPT is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086|title=Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem|publisher=VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=November 10, 2005|language=lv}}</ref>
*'''Sweden:''' Following its sale as a [[designer drug]], DPT was made illegal in Sweden on 26 January 2016.<ref>(in Swedish) Folkhälsomyndigheten. | https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2016/januari/31-nya-substanser-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/</ref>
*'''New Zealand''': DPT is an analogue of DMT, therefore it is a Class C controlled substance in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 1 Class A controlled drugs|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1975/0116/latest/whole.html#DLM436576|work="Reprint as at 13 August 2019: Misuse of Drugs Act 1975"|access-date=January 7, 2020|publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' DPT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Legislation.gov.uk) |http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I#reference-M_F_c7632653-ddad-4420-f307-e3da1e36d30e</ref>
*'''Sweden''': Following its sale as a [[designer drug]], DPT was made illegal in Sweden on January 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2016/januari/31-nya-substanser-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara|title=31 nya substanser klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara|publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency of Sweden]|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=January 26, 2016|language=sv}}</ref>
*'''United States:''' DPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of [[DET]], a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}} DPT is a Schedule I controlled substance in the states of Florida, Maine, and Oklahoma making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess.<ref>http://leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0800-0899/0893/0893.html | Florida Statutes - Chapter 893 - DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL</ref> <ref>http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=98866</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': DPT is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': DPT is a Class A controlled substance in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=January 7, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': DPT is unscheduled in most of the United States. However, some states prohibited DPT, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess:
**'''Florida''': DPT is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0800-0899/0893/0893.html|title=Title XLVI: Chapter 893: Drug Abuse Prevention And Control|work=The 2019 Florida Statutes|access-date=January 10, 2020|publisher=The Florida Legislature}}</ref>
**'''Maine''': DPT is a Schedule X controlled substance.<ref>http://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/17-a/title17-Asec1102.html</ref>
**'''Oklahoma''': DPT is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709113340/http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=98866|archive-date=July 9, 2019|url=http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=98866|title=Section 2-204 - Schedule I|work=Oklahoma Statutes Citationized|date=January 11, 2019|access-date=January 10, 2020|publisher=Oklahoma Judicial Center}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Entheogen]]
[[Category:Entheogen]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
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