Color enhancement: Difference between revisions

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'''Color enhancement''' can be described as the experience of colors becoming extremely bright or vivid and standing out.<ref>Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 886-887. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493119</ref><ref>Baggott, M. J., Coyle, J. R., Erowid, E., Erowid, F., & Robertson, L. C. (2011). Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: a Web-based questionnaire. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 114(1), 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006</ref> During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener, ” etc and all colors will likely have become much more distinct, powerful, and intense to look at than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="DecreasedHueDiscrimination">Hartman, A. M., & Hollister, L. E. (1963). Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception. Psychopharmacologia, 4(6), 449-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00403349</ref><ref name="ImpossibleColours">Kleinman, J. E., Gillin, J. C., & Wyatt, R. J. (1977). A comparison of the phenomenology of hallucinogens and schizophrenia from some autobiographical accounts. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 3(4), 562-567. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/3.4.560</ref><ref>Gallimore, A. R. (2015). Restructuring consciousness–the psychedelic state in light of integrated information theory. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, 346. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnhum.2015.00346</ref><ref>Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS. PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Violina_Angelova2/publication/317528151_Pharmaco-toxicological_aspects_and_analysis_of_phenylalkylamine_and_indolylallkylamine_hallucinogens_Review/links/593d59f50f7e9b3317a45adf/Pharmaco-toxicological-aspects-and-analysis-of-phenylalkylamine-and-indolylallkylamine-hallucinogens-Review.pdf</ref><ref>Luke, D., & Terhune, D. B. (2013). The induction of synaesthesia with chemical agents: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 753. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2013.00753</ref><ref>Dillon, P., Copeland, J., & Jansen, K. (2003). Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 69(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0</ref><ref name="25B_multiple>Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref name="25C_multiple">Bersani, F. S., Corazza, O., Albano, G., Valeriani, G., Santacroce, R., Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F., ... & Schifano, F. (2014). 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F734749</ref>
'''Color enhancement''' is defined as an intensification of the brightness and vividness of colors in the external environment. During this experience, reds may seem “redder”, greens may seem “greener", and all colors will likely appear much more distinct, complex, and visually intense than they comparatively would be during everyday sober living.<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref><ref name="HartmanHollister1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hartman|first1=Alan M.|last2=Hollister|first2=Leo E.|title=Effect of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin on color perception|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=4|issue=6|year=1963|pages=441–451|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00403349}}</ref><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560}}</ref><ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BaggottCoyle2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baggott|first1=M.J.|last2=Coyle|first2=J.R.|last3=Erowid|first3=E.|last4=Erowid|first4=F.|last5=Robertson|first5=L.C.|title=Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: A web-based questionnaire|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=114|issue=1|year=2011|pages=61–67|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.006}}</ref> At higher levels, this effect can sometimes result in seeing colors which are perceived as surreal or seemingly impossible.<ref name="HartmanHollister1963" /><ref name="KleinmanGillin1977" />


Studies have also suggested an accompanying effect of decreased hue discrimination resulting in anecdotal accounts of perceiving colours which are seemingly impossible.<ref name="DecreasedHueDiscrimination"/><ref name="ImpossibleColours"/>
Color enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[Visual acuity enhancement|visual acuity enhancement]] and [[pattern recognition enhancement]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014" /><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014" /> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain [[stimulants]] and [[dissociatives]] such as [[MDMA]], [[ketamine]]<ref name="Dillon2003">{{cite journal|last1=Dillon|first1=P|title=Patterns of use and harms associated with non-medical ketamine use|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=69|issue=1|year=2003|pages=23–28|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00243-0}}</ref>, or [[3-MeO-PCP]].
 
Colour enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[pattern recognition enhancement]].<ref name="25B_multiple"/><ref name="25C_multiple"/> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain [[stimulants]] and [[dissociatives]] such as [[MDMA]] or [[3-MeO-PCP]].
====Image examples====
====Image examples====
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{{Gallery|[[Effect::color enhancement]]}}
{{Gallery|[[Effect::color enhancement]][[Category:Replication]]}}
</center>
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===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Colour enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Color enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Colour enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Color enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===See also===
===See also===
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
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*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
===External links===
===External links===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_adaptation Chromatic adaptation (Wikipedia)]
 
* [https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2010.528240 Hyperchromatopsia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_adaptation Chromatic adaptation (Wikipedia)]
*[https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2010.528240 Hyperchromatopsia]
 
===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]] [[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Enhancement]] [[Category:Effect]]
[[Category:Sensory]]  
[[Category:Visual]]  
[[Category:Enhancement]]  
[[Category:Effect]]