Personal bias suppression: Difference between revisions

>MerlinMimer
Psychoactive substances: Added new psychoactive substance to the list. LSA, which creates the effects related to the full article.
>Graham
Placing analysis back to what I made it.
 
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===Analysis===
===Analysis===
Established personal bias heavily influences how human beings act. People's decisions and opinions seem to be at least partially based upon a consistent and unconscious tendency to notice and assign significance to observations that confirm existing beliefs whilst filtering out and rationalizing observations that do not confirm pre-existing beliefs. This is a well-established concept within the scientific literature known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias confirmation bias].<ref name="Nickerson1998">{{cite journal|last1=Nickerson|first1=Raymond S.|title=Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises.|journal=Review of General Psychology|volume=2|issue=2|year=1998|pages=175–220|issn=1089-2680|doi=10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175}}</ref><ref name="JonasSchulz-Hardt2001">{{cite journal|last1=Jonas|first1=Eva|last2=Schulz-Hardt|first2=Stefan|last3=Frey|first3=Dieter|last4=Thelen|first4=Norman|title=Confirmation bias in sequential information search after preliminary decisions: An expansion of dissonance theoretical research on selective exposure to information.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=80|issue=4|year=2001|pages=557–571|issn=1939-1315|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.80.4.557}}</ref><ref name="MynattDoherty2018">{{cite journal|last1=Mynatt|first1=Clifford R.|last2=Doherty|first2=Michael E.|last3=Tweney|first3=Ryan D.|title=Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment: An Experimental Study of Scientific Inference|journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology|volume=29|issue=1|year=2018|pages=85–95|issn=0033-555X|doi=10.1080/00335557743000053}}</ref><ref name="Klayman1995">{{cite journal|last1=Klayman|first1=Joshua|title=Varieties of Confirmation Bias|volume=32|year=1995|pages=385–418|issn=00797421|doi=10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60315-1}}</ref> Confirmation bias affects everyone's thoughts to a varying degree, but its effects are significantly stronger in the case of emotionally charged issues and deeply entrenched cultural beliefs.
Imitation was a basis for human evolution and the development of culture in early hominins, beginning with the primordial roles of mimesis in human learning and shared intersubjective experience. It's been proposed that mimesis was at the basis of a co-evolution of our capacities for cognition and culture, providing a “a single neurocognitive adaptation…[for] mime, imitation, gesture, and the rehearsal of skill.” This intuitive form of communication provided by the mirror neuron system also facilitated interpretation of complex social situations and attributing meaning to others through this capacity to infer others' thoughts, intentions and desires.
 
These expressive manifestations of mimesis in dance, music, and ritual provided a publicly accessible system of meaning. These expressive capacities of mimesis provided the basis for the evolution of the symbolic human mind into what is called mimetic culture and mythic culture. It's been shown how this mimetic complex of dance, music, drumming and rhythmic enactment was the context within which the collective rituals of ancient hominins were transformed into the visionary rituals of shamanism. Psychedelic plant use enhanced the access to this visual system and its information capacities.
 
The recognition of these visual experiences of psychedelics as symbolic representations has a precedent in the concept of presentational symbolism. Presentational symbolism is an imagetic capacity that is foundational to meaning-making, a symbolic representation system that precedes and supports our rational, language based consciousness. This ancient mode of imaginal consciousness appears in dreams and daydreaming, as well as shamanic visions, mystical experiences, near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences, and psychedelic visions. These processes may be released by a variety of mechanisms that cause disruptions in filtering processes that normally repress these archaic forms of cognition.
 
It's also been proposed that these processes also function constantly in our daily life, a kind of autonomic cognitive act that produces conscious experiences and affect in a synthesis of perception and thinking. Visionary experiences express a personal affectivity and representational capacities that directly present to the subject material that emerges from their own deep personal affective layers of consciousness. Psychedelic-induced visionary experiences involve the stimulation of powerful manifestations of this latent human cognitive capacity that is a background to all experience. When released by psychedelics this visionary modality easily and effortlessly takes dominance of our consciousness through an internal engagement with deep narrative levels of the mind that present the significant affective dynamics of life. It's been noted that this expressive system provides a medium for three forms of material essential for the performance of thinking: the ability to retain in mind an object; engender other cognitions regarding this image object; and manipulate these to consider future possibilities.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Winkelman, M. J.)) | journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience | title=The Mechanisms of Psychedelic Visionary Experiences: Hypotheses from Evolutionary Psychology | volume=11 | date= 2017 | url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00539 | issn=1662-453X}}</ref>


===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
*LSA
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include: