PsychonautWiki Archive

5F-PB-22: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
>LockPicker
m Legal issues== -> ==Legal status
>Graham
wiki ref formatting
 
(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{SubstanceBox/5F-PB-22}}
{{SubstanceBox/5F-PB-22}}


'''5F-PB-22''' ('''1-pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester''' also known as '''5F-QUPIC''')<ref>http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0</ref><ref>https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/13169m.pdf</ref> is a synthetic [[cannabinoid]]<ref>http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/51</ref> and agonist of the [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]] receptors which produces predominantly [[sedation|sedating]] subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]]. There is very little information regarding the pharmacology of this compound within the scientific literature. Despite this, however, it has been sold as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors.
'''5F-PB-22''' ('''1-pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester''' also known as '''5F-QUPIC''')<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Wohlfarth, A.)), ((Gandhi, A. S.)), ((Pang, S.)), ((Zhu, M.)), ((Scheidweiler, K. B.)), ((Huestis, M. A.)) | journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | title=Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry | volume=406 | issue=6 | pages=1763–1780 | date=1 February 2014 | url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0 | issn=1618-2650 | doi=10.1007/s00216-014-7668-0}}</ref><ref>https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/13169m.pdf</ref> is a synthetic [[cannabinoid]]<ref>http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/51</ref> and agonist of the [[Psychoactive class::cannabinoid]] receptors which produces predominantly [[sedation|sedating]] subjective effects somewhat similar to that of [[cannabis]]. There is very little information regarding the pharmacology of this compound within the scientific literature. Despite this, however, it has been sold as a grey area [[research chemical]] through online vendors.


Cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick [[onset]] of effects and rapid [[offset]]. 5F-PB-22 is [[oral]]ly active when dissolved in a lipid, which can increase the duration significantly. Like other [[cannabinoid]]s, it is insoluble in water but dissolves in [[ethanol]] and lipids.
Cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick [[onset]] of effects and rapid [[offset]]. 5F-PB-22 is [[oral]]ly active when dissolved in a lipid, which can increase the duration significantly. Like other [[cannabinoid]]s, it is insoluble in water but dissolves in [[ethanol]] and lipids.


Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Five deaths have been associated with the use of 5F-PB-22 in the United States.<ref>Perspectives of drugs: synthetic cannabinoids in Europe (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids</ref> Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.
Unlike [[cannabis]], the chronic abuse of [[synthetic cannabinoids]] has been [[Synthetic_cannabinoid#Deaths|associated with multiple deaths]] and [[Synthetic cannabinoid#Harm potential|more dangerous side effects and toxicity]] in general. Five deaths have been associated with the use of 5F-PB-22 in the United States.<ref name="Synthetic">{{Citation | title=Synthetic cannabinoids in Europe | url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids}}</ref> Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Line 22: Line 22:
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Generally, the effects on the user's energy levels are very sedating. This encourages one to relax, lie down, and (at higher doses) fall asleep. It produces strong sedative effects that can be described as on par with [[JWH-018]] and more sedating when compared to [[THC]], [[JWH-073]], [[THJ-018]], [[AM-2201]], or [[5F-UR-144]] but less than that of [[5F-AKB48]].
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Generally, the effects on the user's energy levels are very sedating. This encourages one to relax, lie down, and (at higher doses) fall asleep. It produces strong sedative effects that can be described as on par with [[JWH-018]] and more sedating when compared to [[THC]], [[JWH-073]], [[THJ-018]], [[AM-2201]], or [[5F-UR-144]] but less than that of [[5F-AKB48]].
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose, but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose, but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite enhancement]]''' - As with many other cannabinoids, 5F-PB-22 causes an increase in appetite<ref>Mechoulam, R. (1984). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-5772-1.</ref>, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.<ref name="HMW">How Marijuana Works | http://science.howstuffworks.com/marijuana4.htm</ref> This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.<ref name="HMW"></ref>
*'''[[Effect::Appetite enhancement]]''' - As with many other cannabinoids, 5F-PB-22 causes an increase in appetite<ref>{{cite book | veditors=((Mechoulam, R.)) | date= 1986 | title=Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents | publisher=CRC Press | isbn=9780849357725}}</ref>, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.<ref name="HMW">{{Citation | year=2001 | title=How Marijuana Works | url=https://science.howstuffworks.com/marijuana.htm}}</ref> This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.<ref name="HMW"></ref>
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''- This is known colloquially as "cotton mouth" in popular American and United Kingdom culture.
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''- This is known colloquially as "cotton mouth" in popular American and United Kingdom culture.
*'''[[Effect::Vasodilation]]''' - Cannabinoids appear to decrease blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood flow throughout the body. The arteries in the eyeball expand from the decreased blood pressure and the heart rate increases to compensate for the reduction in pressure.  
*'''[[Effect::Vasodilation]]''' - Cannabinoids appear to decrease blood pressure by dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood flow throughout the body. The arteries in the eyeball expand from the decreased blood pressure and the heart rate increases to compensate for the reduction in pressure.  
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - Cannabinoids have been clinically demonstrated to provide pain relief via agonism of cannabinoid receptors CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub>, which extends to [[synthetic cannabinoid]] receptor agonists.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00703.x/abstract</ref><ref>Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x/abstract</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - Cannabinoids have been clinically demonstrated to provide pain relief via agonism of cannabinoid receptors CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub>, which extends to [[synthetic cannabinoid]] receptor agonists.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Martín-Sánchez, E.)), ((Furukawa, T. A.)), ((Taylor, J.)), ((Martin, J. L. R.)) | journal=Pain Medicine | title=Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cannabis Treatment for Chronic Pain | volume=10 | issue=8 | pages=1353–1368 | date= November 2009 | url=https://academic.oup.com/painmedicine/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00703.x | issn=1526-2375 | doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00703.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Lynch, M. E.)), ((Campbell, F.)) | journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | title=Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials: Cannabinoids for pain | volume=72 | issue=5 | pages=735–744 | date= November 2011 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x | issn=03065251 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x}}</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]''' ''or'' '''[[Perception of bodily lightness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]''' ''or'' '''[[Perception of bodily lightness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in gravity]]''' - 5F-PB-22, like other cannabinoids, is capable of causing vertigo with which the environment appears to be spinning or oscillating. At moderate doses, it can spontaneously induce the sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable. The propensity of this is greatly reduced and eliminated in proportion to tolerance.
*'''[[Effect::Changes in gravity]]''' - 5F-PB-22, like other cannabinoids, is capable of causing vertigo with which the environment appears to be spinning or oscillating. At moderate doses, it can spontaneously induce the sensation of falling, which can be overwhelming and uncomfortable. The propensity of this is greatly reduced and eliminated in proportion to tolerance.
Line 51: Line 51:
*'''[[Effect::Dream suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - The prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004">Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence - The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2004, 184 (2) 110-117  | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/184/2/110.short</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011">Every-Palmer, S. [[Synthetic cannabinoid]] use and psychosis: an explorative study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011.</ref><ref name="Schneir2011">“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication - The Journal of Emergency Medicine  Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 296–299 (ScienceDirect) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802</ref><ref name="Vearrier2010">A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed - Pediatric Emergency Care: June 2010 - Volume 26 - Issue 6 - pp 462-465 | http://journals.lww.com/pec-online/Abstract/2010/06000/A_Teenager_With_Agitation__Higher_Than_She_Should.16.aspx</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - The prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Arseneault, L.)), ((Cannon, M.)), ((Witton, J.)), ((Murray, R. M.)) | journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry | title=Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence | volume=184 | issue=2 | pages=110–117 | date= February 2004 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/causal-association-between-cannabis-and-psychosis-examination-of-the-evidence/71BA37D16485F186CE7B6B785E5B69A4 | issn=0007-1250 | doi=10.1192/bjp.184.2.110}}</ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Every-Palmer, S.)) | journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence | title=Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: An explorative study | volume=117 | issue=2–3 | pages=152–157 | date= September 2011 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376871611000639 | issn=03768716 | doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.012}}</ref><ref name="Schneir2011">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Schneir, A. B.)), ((Cullen, J.)), ((Ly, B. T.)) | journal=The Journal of Emergency Medicine | title=“Spice” Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication | volume=40 | issue=3 | pages=296–299 | date=1 March 2011 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736467910008802 | issn=0736-4679 | doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.10.014}}</ref><ref name="Vearrier2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Vearrier, D.)), ((Osterhoudt, K. C.)) | journal=Pediatric Emergency Care | title=A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed | volume=26 | issue=6 | pages=462–465 | date= June 2010 | url=http://journals.lww.com/00006565-201006000-00016 | issn=0749-5161 | doi=10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181e4f416}}</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''


Line 72: Line 72:
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5F-PB-22 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 5F-PB-22 has very little history of human usage. Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5F-PB-22 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 5F-PB-22 has very little history of human usage. Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of [[anxiety]] or to fall asleep.  


There have been many hospital reports involving 5F-PB-22, as well as cases of post-mortem analysis involving 5F-PB-22.<ref>jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/29/jat.bku048.short</ref> Five deaths have been associated with the use of 5F-PB-22 in the United States.<ref>Perspectives of drugs: synthetic cannabinoids in Europe (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/synthetic-cannabinoids</ref>
There have been many hospital reports involving 5F-PB-22, as well as cases of post-mortem analysis involving 5F-PB-22.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Behonick, G.)), ((Shanks, K. G.)), ((Firchau, D. J.)), ((Mathur, G.)), ((Lynch, C. F.)), ((Nashelsky, M.)), ((Jaskierny, D. J.)), ((Meroueh, C.)) | journal=Journal of Analytical Toxicology | title=Four Postmortem Case Reports with Quantitative Detection of the Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5F-PB-22 | volume=38 | issue=8 | pages=559–562 | date= October 2014 | url=https://academic.oup.com/jat/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jat/bku048 | issn=0146-4760 | doi=10.1093/jat/bku048}}</ref> Five deaths have been associated with the use of 5F-PB-22 in the United States.<ref name="Synthetic"/>


It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004"></ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011"></ref><ref name="Schneir2011"></ref><ref name="Vearrier2010"></ref>
It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase [[emotion enhancement|one's current state of mind and emotions]]. Also, like [[THC]], prolonged usage of synthetic [[cannabinoids]] may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis<ref name="Arseneault2004"></ref>, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).<ref name="Every-Palmer2011"/><ref name="Schneir2011"/><ref name="Vearrier2010"/>


As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.
As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to [[Dosage|use proper precautions when dosing]] to avoid a negative experience.
Line 93: Line 93:
*'''China''': As of October 2015 5F-PB-22 is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
*'''China''': As of October 2015 5F-PB-22 is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': 5F-PB-22 is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 30, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of December 13, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl114s1999.pdf|title=Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': 5F-PB-22 is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (''Narcotics Act, Schedule II'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html|title=Anlage II BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 30, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of December 13, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl114s1999.pdf|title=Achtundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=§ 29 BtMG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 19, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Latvia''': 5F-PB-22 is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (Indola-3-karbonskābes esteri) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086</ref>
*'''Latvia''': 5F-PB-22 is a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref>{{Citation | title=Zaudējis spēku - Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem | url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 5F-PB-22 is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 5F-PB-22 is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 5F-PB-22 is a Class B controlled substance under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on December 14, 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 5F-PB-22 is a Class B controlled substance under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on December 14, 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1109/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': In January 2014, 5F-PB-22 was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0110_10.htm</ref>
*'''United States''': In January 2014, 5F-PB-22 was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.<ref>http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2014/fr0110_10.htm</ref>


Line 114: Line 114:
==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
[[Category:Indole]]
[[Category:Indolecarboxylate]]
[[Category:Cannabinoid]]
[[Category:Cannabinoid]]
[[Category:Substance]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/wiki/5F-PB-22"