Banisteriopsis caapi: Difference between revisions

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~~#REDIRECT~~ [[Harmala alkaloids#Banisteriopsis caapi]]

{{for|the [[DMT]]/[[MAOI]] plant brew that shares the same name as this plant|ayahuasca}}

'''''Banisteriopsis caapi''''', also known as '''ayahuasca''', '''caapi''' or '''yagé''', is a South American liana of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare [[ayahuasca]], a decoction with a long history of its [[entheogen]]ic use and its status as a "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest.

==History and culture==

===Research===

====Neurogenesis====

The alkaloids of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen [[ayahuasca]], stimulate adult neurogenesis ''in vitro''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morales-García, J. A.)), ((Fuente Revenga, M. de la)), ((Alonso-Gil, S.)), ((Rodríguez-Franco, M. I.)), ((Feilding, A.)), ((Perez-Castillo, A.)), ((Riba, J.)) | journal=Scientific Reports | title=The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro | volume=7 | issue=1 | pages=5309 | date=13 July 2017 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05407-9 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9}}</ref>

==Chemistry==

Banisteriopsis caapi (also known as ayahuasca, caapi or yajé) is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine in the following proportions:

*'''Harmine:''' 0.31-8.43%

*'''Harmaline:''' 0.03-0.83%

* '''Proanthocyanidins''' (less known MAOIs)

** '''(−)-epicatechin'''

** '''(−)-procyanidins'''

*'''Tetrahydroharmine:''' 0.05-2.94%

==Toxicity and harm potential==

===Dangerous interactions===

====Cholinergics====

[[Cholinergic]] substances combined with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' can cause a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis cholinergic crisis] because the plant contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs):

* Harmaline<ref name="Pubmed-19784581">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zheng, X.)), ((Zhang, Z.)), ((Chou, G.)), ((Wu, T.)), ((Cheng, X.)), ((Wang, C.)), ((Wang, Z.)) | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay | volume=32 | issue=9 | pages=1245–1251 | date= September 2009 | issn=0253-6269 | doi=10.1007/s12272-009-1910-x}}</ref>

* Harmine<ref name="Pubmed-19784581" />

==See also==

*''[[Peganum harmala]]''

*[[Beta-Carbolines]]

*[[Psychedelics]]

*[[Tryptamines]]

*[[Phenethylamines]]

==External links==

** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banisteriopsis_caapi ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Wikipedia)]

** [https://erowid.org/plants/banisteriopsis/banisteriopsis.shtml ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Erowid Vault)]

* Harmala alkaloids

** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid Harmala alkaloids (Wikipedia)]

*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmaline Harmaline (Wikipedia)]

*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmine Harmine (Wikipedia)]

*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroharmine Tetrahydroharmine (Wikipedia)]

** [https://erowid.org/chemicals/harmala/harmala.shtml Harmala Alkaloids (Erowid Vault)]

** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=13 Harmaline (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]

** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=14 Harmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]

** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=54 Tetrahydroharmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]

==Literature==

* Morales-García, J. A., de la Fuente Revenga, M., Alonso-Gil, S., Rodríguez-Franco, M. I., Feilding, A., Perez-Castillo, A., & Riba, J. (2017). The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9

==References==

[[Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]

[[Category:beta-Carboline]]

[[Category:Entheogen]]

[[Category:MAOI]]

[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-#REDIRECT [[Harmala alkaloids#Banisteriopsis caapi]]
+{{for|the [[DMT]]/[[MAOI]] plant brew that shares the same name as this plant|ayahuasca}}
+{{BotanyBox/Banisteriopsis caapi}}
+'''''Banisteriopsis caapi''''', also known as '''ayahuasca''', '''caapi''' or '''yagé''', is a South American liana of the family Malpighiaceae. It is used to prepare [[ayahuasca]], a decoction with a long history of its [[entheogen]]ic use and its status as a "plant teacher" among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest.
+==History and culture==
+===Research===
+====Neurogenesis====
+The alkaloids of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen [[ayahuasca]], stimulate adult neurogenesis ''in vitro''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morales-García, J. A.)), ((Fuente Revenga, M. de la)), ((Alonso-Gil, S.)), ((Rodríguez-Franco, M. I.)), ((Feilding, A.)), ((Perez-Castillo, A.)), ((Riba, J.)) | journal=Scientific Reports | title=The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro | volume=7 | issue=1 | pages=5309 | date=13 July 2017 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05407-9 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9}}</ref>
+==Chemistry==
+Banisteriopsis caapi (also known as ayahuasca, caapi or yajé) is a South American jungle vine of the family Malpighiaceae. It contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine in the following proportions:
+*'''Harmine:''' 0.31-8.43%
+*'''Harmaline:''' 0.03-0.83%
+* '''Proanthocyanidins''' (less known MAOIs)
+** '''(−)-epicatechin'''
+** '''(−)-procyanidins'''
+*'''Tetrahydroharmine:''' 0.05-2.94%
+==Toxicity and harm potential==
+===Dangerous interactions===
+====Cholinergics====
+[[Cholinergic]] substances combined with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' can cause a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis cholinergic crisis] because the plant contains acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs):
+* Harmaline<ref name="Pubmed-19784581">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zheng, X.)), ((Zhang, Z.)), ((Chou, G.)), ((Wu, T.)), ((Cheng, X.)), ((Wang, C.)), ((Wang, Z.)) | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay | volume=32 | issue=9 | pages=1245–1251 | date= September 2009 | issn=0253-6269 | doi=10.1007/s12272-009-1910-x}}</ref>
+* Harmine<ref name="Pubmed-19784581" />
+==See also==
+*''[[Peganum harmala]]''
+*[[Beta-Carbolines]]
+*[[Psychedelics]]
+*[[Tryptamines]]
+*[[Phenethylamines]]
+==External links==
+** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banisteriopsis_caapi ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Wikipedia)]
+** [https://erowid.org/plants/banisteriopsis/banisteriopsis.shtml ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' (Erowid Vault)]
+* Harmala alkaloids
+** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid Harmala alkaloids (Wikipedia)]
+*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmaline Harmaline (Wikipedia)]
+*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmine Harmine (Wikipedia)]
+*** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydroharmine Tetrahydroharmine (Wikipedia)]
+** [https://erowid.org/chemicals/harmala/harmala.shtml Harmala Alkaloids (Erowid Vault)]
+** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=13 Harmaline (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
+** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=14 Harmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
+** [https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=54 Tetrahydroharmine (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
+==Literature==
+* Morales-García, J. A., de la Fuente Revenga, M., Alonso-Gil, S., Rodríguez-Franco, M. I., Feilding, A., Perez-Castillo, A., & Riba, J. (2017). The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9
+==References==
+<references/>
+[[Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]
+[[Category:beta-Carboline]]
+[[Category:Entheogen]]
+[[Category:MAOI]]
+[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]