Paranoia: Difference between revisions

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'''Paranoia''' ~~can be described as negative and often irrational feelings of fear~~, ~~worry~~, and ~~[[anxiety]]~~. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. Paranoia also frequently leads to excessively secretive and overcautious behavior which stems from the perceived ideation of one or more scenarios, some of which commonly include: fear of surveillance, imprisonment, conspiracies ~~and~~ plots against an individual, betrayal, and being caught. This effect can be the result of real evidence, but is often based on assumption and false pretense.

'''Paranoia''' is the suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=826|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[anxiety#panic attacks|panic attacks]] and [[feelings of impending doom]]. Paranoia also frequently leads to excessively secretive and overcautious behavior which stems from the perceived ideation of one or more scenarios, some of which commonly include: fear of surveillance, imprisonment, conspiracies, plots against an individual, betrayal, and being caught. This effect can be the result of real evidence, but is often based on assumption and false pretense.

Paranoia is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[anxiety]] and [[delusions]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Freeman, D.)), ((Dunn, G.)), ((Murray, R. M.)), ((Evans, N.)), ((Lister, R.)), ((Antley, A.)), ((Slater, M.)), ((Godlewska, B.)), ((Cornish, R.)), ((Williams, J.)), ((Di Simplicio, M.)), ((Igoumenou, A.)), ((Brenneisen, R.)), ((Tunbridge, E. M.)), ((Harrison, P. J.)), ((Harmer, C. J.)), ((Cowen, P.)), ((Morrison, P. D.)) | journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin | title=How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of ∆ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages=391–399 | date= March 2015 | url=https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/schbul/sbu098 | issn=1745-1701 | doi=10.1093/schbul/sbu098}}</ref> [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]]. However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]] and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Paranoia]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Paranoia]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:

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*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Cannabis]]

*[[Stimulants]]

*[[Cocaine]]

*[[Anxiety]]

*[[Delusions]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia Paranoia (Wikipedia)]

[[Category:~~Cognitive~~]] [[Category:~~Novel]] [[Category:Effect~~]]

===References===

[[Category:Effect]]

[[Category:Cognitive]]

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 <onlyinclude>
-'''Paranoia''' can be described as negative and often irrational feelings of fear, worry, and [[anxiety]]. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. Paranoia also frequently leads to excessively secretive and overcautious behavior which stems from the perceived ideation of one or more scenarios, some of which commonly include: fear of surveillance, imprisonment, conspiracies and plots against an individual, betrayal, and being caught. This effect can be the result of real evidence, but is often based on assumption and false pretense.
+'''Paranoia''' is the suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=826|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[anxiety#panic attacks|panic attacks]] and [[feelings of impending doom]]. Paranoia also frequently leads to excessively secretive and overcautious behavior which stems from the perceived ideation of one or more scenarios, some of which commonly include: fear of surveillance, imprisonment, conspiracies, plots against an individual, betrayal, and being caught. This effect can be the result of real evidence, but is often based on assumption and false pretense.
+Paranoia is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[anxiety]] and [[delusions]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Freeman, D.)), ((Dunn, G.)), ((Murray, R. M.)), ((Evans, N.)), ((Lister, R.)), ((Antley, A.)), ((Slater, M.)), ((Godlewska, B.)), ((Cornish, R.)), ((Williams, J.)), ((Di Simplicio, M.)), ((Igoumenou, A.)), ((Brenneisen, R.)), ((Tunbridge, E. M.)), ((Harrison, P. J.)), ((Harmer, C. J.)), ((Cowen, P.)), ((Morrison, P. D.)) | journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin | title=How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of ∆ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages=391–399 | date= March 2015 | url=https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/schbul/sbu098 | issn=1745-1701 | doi=10.1093/schbul/sbu098}}</ref> [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]]. However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]] and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
-{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Paranoia]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Paranoia]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===Experience reports===
 Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 *[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
-*[[Cannabis]]
-*[[Stimulants]]
-*[[Cocaine]]
-*[[Anxiety]]
-*[[Delusions]]
 ===External links===
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia Paranoia (Wikipedia)]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Novel]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===References===
+<references/>
+[[Category:Effect]]
+[[Category:Cognitive]]