Spatial disorientation: Difference between revisions

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~~{{proofread}}~~

<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Peters, R. A.)) | journal=NASA | title=Dynamics of the vestibular system and their relation to motion perception, spatial disorientation, and illusions | date=1 April 1969 | url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690013275.pdf}}</ref> within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref name="Cheung2013">{{cite journal|last1=Cheung|first1=Bob|title=Spatial Disorientation: More Than Just Illusion|journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine|volume=84|issue=11|year=2013|pages=1211–1214|issn=00956562|doi=10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013}}</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.

<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' ~~can be described~~ as ~~one's inability~~ to ~~orient themselves in 3-dimensional space~~. In this state, a person ~~can not distinguish~~ up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another~~, or one~~ might also perceive the world as being flipped sideways or ~~even upsidedown~~. ~~This effect~~ is ~~relatively uncommon~~ and ~~happens mostly on~~ [[~~hallucinogen~~]]~~ics but can also be induced by heavy dosages of any drug~~, ~~for example~~ [[~~alcohol~~]]. ~~It is also worth noting that this effect is usually triggered indirectly, for example by laying sideways, doing~~ a ~~handstand or looking into a tilted mirror~~. It ~~differes from just seeing~~ the ~~environment flipped by making the user actually perceive it that way~~, ~~which usually results in the outside world appearing strange and unrecognizable. This effect is generally described~~ as ~~mildly confusing and is sometimes accompanied by~~ [[~~changes in gravity~~]] and [[~~dizziness~~]].</onlyinclude>

Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref name="EspiardLecardeur2005">{{cite journal|last1=Espiard|first1=M|last2=Lecardeur|first2=L|last3=Abadie|first3=P|last4=Halbecq|first4=I|last5=Dollfus|first5=S|title=Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study|journal=European Psychiatry|volume=20|issue=5-6|year=2005|pages=458–460|issn=09249338|doi=10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008}}</ref> and [[dizziness]].<ref name="KatselouPapoutsis2018">{{cite journal|last1=Katselou|first1=Maria|last2=Papoutsis|first2=Ioannis|last3=Nikolaou|first3=Panagiota|last4=Misailidi|first4=Nektaria|last5=Spiliopoulou|first5=Chara|last6=Athanaselis|first6=Sotiris|title=Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=36|issue=2|year=2018|pages=233–242|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-018-0421-1}}</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[diphenidine]],<ref name="KatselouPapoutsis2018" /> [[ketamine]],<ref name="Bianchi1997">{{cite journal|last1=Bianchi|first1=Antonio|title=Comments on “The Ketamine Model of the Near-Death Experience: A Central Role for the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor”|journal=Journal of Near-Death Studies|volume=16|issue=1|year=1997|pages=71–78|issn=08914494|doi=10.1023/A:1025067412205}}</ref> and [[DXM]].

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

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*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:~~Cognitive~~]] [[Category:~~Suppression~~]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_disorientation Spatial disorientation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_of_balance Sense of balance (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception Proprioception (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographical_disorientation Topographical disorientation (Wikipedia)]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphesthesia Agraphesthesia (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Physical]]

[[Category:Novel]]

[[Category:Effect]]

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-{{proofread}}
+<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' is defined as the failure to perceive or perceiving incorrectly the position, motion, or altitude of oneself<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Peters, R. A.)) | journal=NASA | title=Dynamics of the vestibular system and their relation to motion perception, spatial disorientation, and illusions | date=1 April 1969 | url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690013275.pdf}}</ref> within the fixed coordinate system provided by the surface of the Earth and the gravitational vertical.<ref name="Cheung2013">{{cite journal|last1=Cheung|first1=Bob|title=Spatial Disorientation: More Than Just Illusion|journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine|volume=84|issue=11|year=2013|pages=1211–1214|issn=00956562|doi=10.3357/ASEM.3657.2013}}</ref> In this state, a person may have trouble distinguishing up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another. The person might also perceive the world or their own body as being flipped sideways or upside down.
-<onlyinclude>'''Spatial disorientation''' can be described as one's inability to orient themselves in 3-dimensional space. In this state, a person can not distinguish up from down, right from left, or any two different directions from another, or one might also perceive the world as being flipped sideways or even upsidedown. This effect is relatively uncommon and happens mostly on [[hallucinogen]]ics but can also be induced by heavy dosages of any drug, for example [[alcohol]]. It is also worth noting that this effect is usually triggered indirectly, for example by laying sideways, doing a handstand or looking into a tilted mirror. It differes from just seeing the environment flipped by making the user actually perceive it that way, which usually results in the outside world appearing strange and unrecognizable. This effect is generally described as mildly confusing and is sometimes accompanied by [[changes in gravity]] and [[dizziness]].</onlyinclude>
+Spatial disorientation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[holes, spaces and voids]], [[changes in felt gravity]],<ref name="EspiardLecardeur2005">{{cite journal|last1=Espiard|first1=M|last2=Lecardeur|first2=L|last3=Abadie|first3=P|last4=Halbecq|first4=I|last5=Dollfus|first5=S|title=Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study|journal=European Psychiatry|volume=20|issue=5-6|year=2005|pages=458–460|issn=09249338|doi=10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008}}</ref> and [[dizziness]].<ref name="KatselouPapoutsis2018">{{cite journal|last1=Katselou|first1=Maria|last2=Papoutsis|first2=Ioannis|last3=Nikolaou|first3=Panagiota|last4=Misailidi|first4=Nektaria|last5=Spiliopoulou|first5=Chara|last6=Athanaselis|first6=Sotiris|title=Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=36|issue=2|year=2018|pages=233–242|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-018-0421-1}}</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[diphenidine]],<ref name="KatselouPapoutsis2018" /> [[ketamine]],<ref name="Bianchi1997">{{cite journal|last1=Bianchi|first1=Antonio|title=Comments on “The Ketamine Model of the Near-Death Experience: A Central Role for the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor”|journal=Journal of Near-Death Studies|volume=16|issue=1|year=1997|pages=71–78|issn=08914494|doi=10.1023/A:1025067412205}}</ref> and [[DXM]].
+</onlyinclude>
+===Psychoactive substances===
+Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
 *[[Responsible use]]
@@ Line 7: / Line 15: @@
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_disorientation Spatial disorientation (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_of_balance Sense of balance (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception Proprioception (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographical_disorientation Topographical disorientation (Wikipedia)]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphesthesia Agraphesthesia (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Physical]]
+[[Category:Novel]]
+[[Category:Effect]]