Emotion suppression: Difference between revisions

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'''Emotion suppression''' ~~can be described~~ as a ~~person’s~~ current emotional state ~~being suppressed~~ and ~~simply blocked out regardless~~ of ~~how positive~~ or ~~negative~~ it ~~would usually~~ be ~~regarded~~ as. ~~This results~~ in ~~strong feelings~~ of ~~apathy~~ and emotional ~~neutrality~~ and ~~leads into catatonic states of disinterest or indifference~~.

'''Emotion suppression''' (also known as '''flat affect''', '''apathy''', or '''emotional blunting''') is medically recognized as a flattening or decrease in the intensity of one's current emotional state below normal levels.<ref name="UedaSakayori2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ueda|first1=Satoshi|last2=Sakayori|first2=Takeshi|last3=Omori|first3=Ataru|last4=Fukuta|first4=Hajime|last5=Kobayashi|first5=Takashi|last6=Ishizaka|first6=Kousuke|last7=Saijo|first7=Tomoyuki|last8=Okubo|first8=Yoshiro|title=Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome in bipolar disorder with psychosis|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|year=2016|pages=265|issn=1178-2021|doi=10.2147/NDT.S99577}}</ref><ref name="DSM5NeurocognitiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Neurocognitive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=609|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm17}}</ref><ref name="GurKohler2006">{{cite journal|last1=Gur|first1=R. E|last2=Kohler|first2=C. G|last3=Ragland|first3=J D.|last4=Siegel|first4=S. J|last5=Lesko|first5=K.|last6=Bilker|first6=W. B|last7=Gur|first7=R. C|title=Flat Affect in Schizophrenia: Relation to Emotion Processing and Neurocognitive Measures|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=32|issue=2|year=2006|pages=279–287|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/sbj041}}</ref> This dulls or suppresses the genuine emotions that a person was already feeling prior to ingesting the drug. For example, an individual who is currently feeling somewhat anxious or emotionally unstable may begin to feel very apathetic, neutral, uncaring, and emotionally blank. This also impacts the degree to which the person will express their emotional state through body language, tone of voice, and facial expressions.

It is worth noting that although a reduction in the intensity of one's emotions may be beneficial at times (e.g., the blunting of an anger response in a volatile patient), it may be detrimental at other times (e.g., emotional indifference at the funeral of a close family member).<ref name="Sansone2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sansone, R. A.)), ((Sansone, L. A.)) | journal=Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa.: Township)) | title=SSRI-Induced Indifference | volume=7 | issue=10 | pages=14–18 | date= October 2010 | issn=1555-5194}}</ref>

Emotion suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[motivation suppression]], [[thought deceleration]], and [[analysis suppression]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[antipsychotic]] compounds, such as [[quetiapine]], [[haloperidol]], and [[risperidone]].<ref name="UedaSakayori2016" /><ref name="MoncrieffCohen2009">{{cite journal|last1=Moncrieff|first1=J.|last2=Cohen|first2=D.|last3=Mason|first3=J. P.|title=The subjective experience of taking antipsychotic medication: a content analysis of Internet data|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica|volume=120|issue=2|year=2009|pages=102–111|issn=0001690X|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01356.x}}</ref> However, it can also occur in less consistent form under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] dosages of [[dissociative|dissociatives]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Vollenweider, F. X.)) | journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience | title=Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens | volume=3 | issue=4 | pages=265–279 | date=31 December 2001 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider | issn=1958-5969 | doi=10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider}}</ref><ref name="MicallefTardieu2003">{{cite journal|last1=Micallef|first1=J|last2=Tardieu|first2=S|last3=Gentile|first3=S|last4=Fakra|first4=E|last5=Jouve|first5=E|last6=Sambuc|first6=R|last7=Blin|first7=O|title=Évaluation psychocomportementale de l’administration de faible dose de kétamine chez le sujet sain|journal=Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology|volume=33|issue=3|year=2003|pages=138–147|issn=09877053|doi=10.1016/S0987-7053(03)00028-5}}</ref> [[SSRI|SSRI's]],<ref name="Sansone2010" /><ref name="BollingKohlenberg2004">{{cite journal|last1=Bolling|first1=Madelon Y.|last2=Kohlenberg|first2=Robert J.|title=Reasons for Quitting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy: Paradoxical Psychological Side Effects and Patient Satisfaction|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=73|issue=6|year=2004|pages=380–385|issn=0033-3190|doi=10.1159/000080392}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Oscar-Berman, M.)), ((Bowirrat, A.)) | journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment | title=Genetic influences in emotional dysfunction and alcoholism-related brain damage | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=211–229 | date= September 2005 | issn=1176-6328}}</ref>.

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Substances which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Emotion suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Emotion suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Subjective effects index]]

*[[Emotion enhancement]]

*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]

*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]

[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_dysregulation Emotional dysregulation (Wikipedia)]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_affect_display Reduced affect display (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Cognitive]]

[[Category:Suppression]]

[[Category:Effect]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-'''Emotion suppression''' can be described as a person’s current emotional state being suppressed and simply blocked out regardless of how positive or negative it would usually be regarded as. This results in strong feelings of apathy and emotional neutrality and leads into catatonic states of disinterest or indifference.
+'''Emotion suppression''' (also known as '''flat affect''', '''apathy''', or '''emotional blunting''') is medically recognized as a flattening or decrease in the intensity of one's current emotional state below normal levels.<ref name="UedaSakayori2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ueda|first1=Satoshi|last2=Sakayori|first2=Takeshi|last3=Omori|first3=Ataru|last4=Fukuta|first4=Hajime|last5=Kobayashi|first5=Takashi|last6=Ishizaka|first6=Kousuke|last7=Saijo|first7=Tomoyuki|last8=Okubo|first8=Yoshiro|title=Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome in bipolar disorder with psychosis|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|year=2016|pages=265|issn=1178-2021|doi=10.2147/NDT.S99577}}</ref><ref name="DSM5NeurocognitiveDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Neurocognitive Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=609|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm17}}</ref><ref name="GurKohler2006">{{cite journal|last1=Gur|first1=R. E|last2=Kohler|first2=C. G|last3=Ragland|first3=J D.|last4=Siegel|first4=S. J|last5=Lesko|first5=K.|last6=Bilker|first6=W. B|last7=Gur|first7=R. C|title=Flat Affect in Schizophrenia: Relation to Emotion Processing and Neurocognitive Measures|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=32|issue=2|year=2006|pages=279–287|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/sbj041}}</ref> This dulls or suppresses the genuine emotions that a person was already feeling prior to ingesting the drug. For example, an individual who is currently feeling somewhat anxious or emotionally unstable may begin to feel very apathetic, neutral, uncaring, and emotionally blank. This also impacts the degree to which the person will express their emotional state through body language, tone of voice, and facial expressions.
+It is worth noting that although a reduction in the intensity of one's emotions may be beneficial at times (e.g., the blunting of an anger response in a volatile patient), it may be detrimental at other times (e.g., emotional indifference at the funeral of a close family member).<ref name="Sansone2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sansone, R. A.)), ((Sansone, L. A.)) | journal=Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa.: Township)) | title=SSRI-Induced Indifference | volume=7 | issue=10 | pages=14–18 | date= October 2010 | issn=1555-5194}}</ref>
+Emotion suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[motivation suppression]], [[thought deceleration]], and [[analysis suppression]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[antipsychotic]] compounds, such as [[quetiapine]], [[haloperidol]], and [[risperidone]].<ref name="UedaSakayori2016" /><ref name="MoncrieffCohen2009">{{cite journal|last1=Moncrieff|first1=J.|last2=Cohen|first2=D.|last3=Mason|first3=J. P.|title=The subjective experience of taking antipsychotic medication: a content analysis of Internet data|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica|volume=120|issue=2|year=2009|pages=102–111|issn=0001690X|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01356.x}}</ref> However, it can also occur in less consistent form under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] dosages of [[dissociative|dissociatives]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Vollenweider, F. X.)) | journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience | title=Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens | volume=3 | issue=4 | pages=265–279 | date=31 December 2001 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider | issn=1958-5969 | doi=10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider}}</ref><ref name="MicallefTardieu2003">{{cite journal|last1=Micallef|first1=J|last2=Tardieu|first2=S|last3=Gentile|first3=S|last4=Fakra|first4=E|last5=Jouve|first5=E|last6=Sambuc|first6=R|last7=Blin|first7=O|title=Évaluation psychocomportementale de l’administration de faible dose de kétamine chez le sujet sain|journal=Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology|volume=33|issue=3|year=2003|pages=138–147|issn=09877053|doi=10.1016/S0987-7053(03)00028-5}}</ref> [[SSRI|SSRI's]],<ref name="Sansone2010" /><ref name="BollingKohlenberg2004">{{cite journal|last1=Bolling|first1=Madelon Y.|last2=Kohlenberg|first2=Robert J.|title=Reasons for Quitting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy: Paradoxical Psychological Side Effects and Patient Satisfaction|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=73|issue=6|year=2004|pages=380–385|issn=0033-3190|doi=10.1159/000080392}}</ref> and [[GABAergic|GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Oscar-Berman, M.)), ((Bowirrat, A.)) | journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment | title=Genetic influences in emotional dysfunction and alcoholism-related brain damage | volume=1 | issue=3 | pages=211–229 | date= September 2005 | issn=1176-6328}}</ref>.
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
 Substances which may cause this effect include:
-{{#ask:[[Effect::Emotion suppression]]|format=ul}}
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Emotion suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Emotion suppression]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
 ===See also===
+*[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Subjective effects index]]
+*[[Emotion enhancement]]
 *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
 *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_dysregulation Emotional dysregulation (Wikipedia)]
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_affect_display Reduced affect display (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+[[Category:Cognitive]]
+[[Category:Suppression]]
+[[Category:Effect]]
+<references />