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Dream suppression: Difference between revisions
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'''Dream suppression''' is defined as a decrease in the vividness, intensity, frequency, and recollection of a person's dreams. At its lower levels, this can be a partial suppression which results in the person having dreams of a lesser intensity and a lower rate of frequency. However, at its higher levels, this can be a complete suppression which results in the person not experiencing any dreams at all. | '''Dream suppression''' is defined as a decrease in the vividness, intensity, frequency, and recollection of a person's dreams. At its lower levels, this can be a partial suppression which results in the person having dreams of a lesser intensity and a lower rate of frequency. However, at its higher levels, this can be a complete suppression which results in the person not experiencing any dreams at all. | ||
Dream suppression is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]]<ref name="SchierenbeckRiemann2008">{{cite journal|last1=Schierenbeck|first1=Thomas|last2=Riemann|first2=Dieter|last3=Berger|first3=Mathias|last4=Hornyak|first4=Magdolna|title=Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: Cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|volume=12|issue=5|year=2008|pages=381–389|issn=10870792|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.004}}</ref> and most types of antidepressants<ref name="SharpleyCowen1995">{{cite journal|last1=Sharpley|first1=Ann L.|last2=Cowen|first2=Philip J.|title=Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=37|issue=2|year=1995|pages=85–98|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/0006-3223(94)00135-P}}</ref><ref name="Trivedi1999">{{cite journal|last1=Trivedi|first1=M|title=Effects of Fluoxetine on the Polysomnogram in Outpatients with Major Depression|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=20|issue=5|year=1999|pages=447–459|issn=0893133X|doi=10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00131-6}}</ref><ref name="VogelBuffenstein1990">{{cite journal|last1=Vogel|first1=G.W.|last2=Buffenstein|first2=A.|last3=Minter|first3=K.|last4=Hennessey|first4=Ann|title=Drug effects on REM sleep and on endogenous depression|journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews|volume=14|issue=1|year=1990|pages=49–63|issn=01497634|doi=10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80159-9}}</ref>. This is due to the way in which they increase REM latency, decrease REM sleep, reduce total sleep time and efficiency, and increase [[wakefulness]].<ref name="SchierenbeckRiemann2008" /><ref name="SharpleyCowen1995" /><ref name="Trivedi1999" /><ref>Feinberg, I., Jones, R., Walker, J. M., Cavness, C., | Dream suppression is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]]<ref name="SchierenbeckRiemann2008">{{cite journal|last1=Schierenbeck|first1=Thomas|last2=Riemann|first2=Dieter|last3=Berger|first3=Mathias|last4=Hornyak|first4=Magdolna|title=Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: Cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|volume=12|issue=5|year=2008|pages=381–389|issn=10870792|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2007.12.004}}</ref> and most types of antidepressants<ref name="SharpleyCowen1995">{{cite journal|last1=Sharpley|first1=Ann L.|last2=Cowen|first2=Philip J.|title=Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=37|issue=2|year=1995|pages=85–98|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/0006-3223(94)00135-P}}</ref><ref name="Trivedi1999">{{cite journal|last1=Trivedi|first1=M|title=Effects of Fluoxetine on the Polysomnogram in Outpatients with Major Depression|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=20|issue=5|year=1999|pages=447–459|issn=0893133X|doi=10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00131-6}}</ref><ref name="VogelBuffenstein1990">{{cite journal|last1=Vogel|first1=G.W.|last2=Buffenstein|first2=A.|last3=Minter|first3=K.|last4=Hennessey|first4=Ann|title=Drug effects on REM sleep and on endogenous depression|journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews|volume=14|issue=1|year=1990|pages=49–63|issn=01497634|doi=10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80159-9}}</ref>. This is due to the way in which they increase REM latency, decrease REM sleep, reduce total sleep time and efficiency, and increase [[wakefulness]].<ref name="SchierenbeckRiemann2008" /><ref name="SharpleyCowen1995" /><ref name="Trivedi1999" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Feinberg, I.)), ((Jones, R.)), ((Walker, J. M.)), ((Cavness, C.)), ((March, J.)) | journal=Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics | title=Effects of high dosage delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man | volume=17 | issue=4 | pages=458–466 | date= April 1975 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt1975174458 | issn=00099236 | doi=10.1002/cpt1975174458 | access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> REM sleep is where the majority of dreams occur.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Hobson, J. A.)), ((Stickgold, R.)), ((Pace-Schott, E. F.)) | journal=NeuroReport | title=The neuropsychology of REM sleep dreaming: | volume=9 | issue=3 | pages=R1–R14 | date= February 1998 | url=http://journals.lww.com/00001756-199802160-00033 | issn=0959-4965 | doi=10.1097/00001756-199802160-00033 | access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
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===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||