Disinhibition: Difference between revisions

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'''Disinhibition''' ~~can be described~~ as ~~the partial~~ to ~~complete loss~~ of ~~restraint~~ in ~~governing normal behavior~~ and ~~decision~~-~~making processes~~. It is manifested ~~by impulsivity~~, poor risk assessment, and disregard for social conventions~~. A person with drug-induced disinhibition will experience a decreased ability to control and manage their immediate impulsive responses to the external environment~~.

'''Disinhibition''' is medically recognized as an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryDisinhibition">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=820|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ZamboniHuey2008">{{cite journal|last1=Zamboni|first1=G.|last2=Huey|first2=E. D.|last3=Krueger|first3=F.|last4=Nichelli|first4=P. F.|last5=Grafman|first5=J.|title=Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates|journal=Neurology|volume=71|issue=10|year=2008|pages=736–742|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95}}</ref><ref name="KällménGustafson1998">{{cite journal|last1=Källmén|first1=Håkan|last2=Gustafson|first2=Roland|title=Alcohol and Disinhibition|journal=European Addiction Research|volume=4|issue=4|year=1998|pages=150–162|issn=1022-6877|doi=10.1159/000018948}}</ref> This is usually manifested through recklessness, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions.

~~For the most part~~, disinhibition ~~simply allows~~ one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is ~~quite~~ controllable for the average person. ~~In many cases the disinhibited individual may be unable~~ or ~~have~~ a lack of desire to disguise some of their emotional responses, sometimes at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, or social appropriateness. This lack of constraint can be positive or negative depending on the group or individual, but this removal of social filter generally cannot be regarded as an alteration of one's views, but simply an increased ease at displaying how one already feels.

At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence.

Disinhibition often ~~occurs along with~~ [[~~Cognitive effects: Amnesia|~~amnesia]] and the [[~~Anxiety suppression~~|~~suppression~~ of ~~anxiety~~]]. Disinhibition is a ~~defining characteristic~~ of [[~~alcohol~~]] and ~~there are numerous reports~~ of ~~it occurring~~ on [[~~benzodiazepines~~]].

However, at higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, social appropriateness, or local laws and regulations. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. The negative consequences of disinhibited behaviour range from relatively benign consequences (such as embarrassing oneself) to destructive and damaging ones (such as driving under the influence or committing criminal acts).

Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]] in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]], such as [[alcohol]],<ref name="BettingerTopper2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bettinger|first1=Jill C.|last2=Topper|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Aguilar|first3=Sara C.|last4=Topper|first4=Viktoria Y.|last5=Elbel|first5=Erin|last6=Pierce-Shimomura|first6=Jonathan T.|title=Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e92965|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0092965}}</ref> [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="Paton2018">{{cite journal|last1=Paton|first1=Carol|title=Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|volume=26|issue=12|year=2018|pages=460–462|issn=0955-6036|doi=10.1192/pb.26.12.460}}</ref> [[phenibut]], and [[GHB]]. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Fillmore2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fillmore|first1=M|title=Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral control in stimulant abusers: the role of prepotent response tendencies|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=71|issue=2|year=2003|pages=143–152|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00089-9}}</ref> [[entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="AndoBenko2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ando|first1=Romeo D.|last2=Benko|first2=Anita|last3=Ferrington|first3=Linda|last4=Kirilly|first4=Eszter|last5=Kelly|first5=Paul A.T.|last6=Bagdy|first6=Gyorgy|title=Partial lesion of the serotonergic system by a single dose of MDMA results in behavioural disinhibition and enhances acute MDMA-induced social behaviour on the social interaction test|journal=Neuropharmacology|volume=50|issue=7|year=2006|pages=884–896|issn=00283908|doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.010}}</ref> and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]<ref name="LissekGüntürkün2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lissek|first1=Silke|last2=Güntürkün|first2=Onur|title=Dissociation of Extinction and Behavioral Disinhibition: The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Pigeon Associative Forebrain during Extinction|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=23|issue=22|year=2003|pages=8119–8124|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08119.2003}}</ref>.

</onlyinclude>

===Psychoactive substances===

Compounds ~~from~~ our [[psychoactive substance index]] which ~~our~~ may cause this effect include:

Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive ~~substances~~]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===Experience reports===

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:

{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}

===See also===

*[[Responsible use]]

*[[Subjective effects index]]

*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]

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*[[Benzodiazepines]]

*[[Alcohol]]

[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]

===External links===

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition Disinhibition (Wikipedia)]

===References===

[[Category:Cognitive]]

[[Category:Suppression]]

[[Category:Effect]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>
-'''Disinhibition''' can be described as the partial to complete loss of restraint in governing normal behavior and decision-making processes. It is manifested by impulsivity, poor risk assessment, and disregard for social conventions. A person with drug-induced disinhibition will experience a decreased ability to control and manage their immediate impulsive responses to the external environment.
+'''Disinhibition''' is medically recognized as an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryDisinhibition">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=820|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ZamboniHuey2008">{{cite journal|last1=Zamboni|first1=G.|last2=Huey|first2=E. D.|last3=Krueger|first3=F.|last4=Nichelli|first4=P. F.|last5=Grafman|first5=J.|title=Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates|journal=Neurology|volume=71|issue=10|year=2008|pages=736–742|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95}}</ref><ref name="KällménGustafson1998">{{cite journal|last1=Källmén|first1=Håkan|last2=Gustafson|first2=Roland|title=Alcohol and Disinhibition|journal=European Addiction Research|volume=4|issue=4|year=1998|pages=150–162|issn=1022-6877|doi=10.1159/000018948}}</ref> This is usually manifested through recklessness, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions.
-For the most part, disinhibition simply allows one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is quite controllable for the average person. In many cases the disinhibited individual may be unable or have a lack of desire to disguise some of their emotional responses, sometimes at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, or social appropriateness. This lack of constraint can be positive or negative depending on the group or individual, but this removal of social filter generally cannot be regarded as an alteration of one's views, but simply an increased ease at displaying how one already feels.
+At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence.
-Disinhibition often occurs along with [[Cognitive effects: Amnesia|amnesia]] and the [[Anxiety suppression|suppression of anxiety]]. Disinhibition is a defining characteristic of [[alcohol]] and there are numerous reports of it occurring on [[benzodiazepines]].
+However, at higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, social appropriateness, or local laws and regulations. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. The negative consequences of disinhibited behaviour range from relatively benign consequences (such as embarrassing oneself) to destructive and damaging ones (such as driving under the influence or committing criminal acts).
+Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]] in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]], such as [[alcohol]],<ref name="BettingerTopper2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bettinger|first1=Jill C.|last2=Topper|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Aguilar|first3=Sara C.|last4=Topper|first4=Viktoria Y.|last5=Elbel|first5=Erin|last6=Pierce-Shimomura|first6=Jonathan T.|title=Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e92965|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0092965}}</ref> [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="Paton2018">{{cite journal|last1=Paton|first1=Carol|title=Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|volume=26|issue=12|year=2018|pages=460–462|issn=0955-6036|doi=10.1192/pb.26.12.460}}</ref> [[phenibut]], and [[GHB]]. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Fillmore2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fillmore|first1=M|title=Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral control in stimulant abusers: the role of prepotent response tendencies|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=71|issue=2|year=2003|pages=143–152|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00089-9}}</ref> [[entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="AndoBenko2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ando|first1=Romeo D.|last2=Benko|first2=Anita|last3=Ferrington|first3=Linda|last4=Kirilly|first4=Eszter|last5=Kelly|first5=Paul A.T.|last6=Bagdy|first6=Gyorgy|title=Partial lesion of the serotonergic system by a single dose of MDMA results in behavioural disinhibition and enhances acute MDMA-induced social behaviour on the social interaction test|journal=Neuropharmacology|volume=50|issue=7|year=2006|pages=884–896|issn=00283908|doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.010}}</ref> and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]<ref name="LissekGüntürkün2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lissek|first1=Silke|last2=Güntürkün|first2=Onur|title=Dissociation of Extinction and Behavioral Disinhibition: The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Pigeon Associative Forebrain during Extinction|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=23|issue=22|year=2003|pages=8119–8124|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08119.2003}}</ref>.
 </onlyinclude>
 ===Psychoactive substances===
-Compounds from our [[psychoactive substance index]] which our may cause this effect include:
+Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
-{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substances]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
+===Experience reports===
+Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
+{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 ===See also===
+*[[Responsible use]]
 *[[Subjective effects index]]
 *[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
@@ Line 16: / Line 23: @@
 *[[Benzodiazepines]]
 *[[Alcohol]]
-[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]
+===External links===
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition Disinhibition (Wikipedia)]
+===References===
+<references />
+[[Category:Cognitive]]
+[[Category:Suppression]]
+[[Category:Effect]]