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Ketobemidone: Difference between revisions
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{{headerpanel|{{DepressantOD|opiates}}}} | {{headerpanel|{{DepressantOD|opiates}}{{approval}}}} | ||
{{SummarySheet}} | {{SummarySheet}} | ||
{{SubstanceBox/Ketobemidone}} | {{SubstanceBox/Ketobemidone}} | ||
'''Ketobemidone''' (also known by the brand names '''Ketogan''', and '''Ketorax''') is | '''Ketobemidone''' (also known by the brand names '''Ketogan''', and '''Ketorax''') is an [[psychoactive class::opioid]] substance of the [[chemical class::piperidine]] class. It belongs to a group of synthetic opioids. The mechanism of action involves [[agonist|binding activity]] at [[opioid]] [[receptors]]. | ||
It is marketed in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden | It is commonly prescribed to treat severe pain (i.e. cancer pain, postoperative pain, gallstone pain, and kidney pain). It is marketed in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden for this purpose.<ref>Brayfield A, ed. (9 January 2017). "Ketobemidone Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference". ''MedicinesComplete''. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press.</ref> | ||
[[Subjective effects]] include [[sedation]], [[pain relief]], [[muscle relaxation]], [[compulsive redosing]], and [[euphoria]]. Its effectiveness against pain is in the same range as morphine, and it also has some NMDA-antagonist properties imparted, in part, by its metabolite norketobemidone.<ref>Ebert B, Thorkildsen C, Andersen S, Christrup LL, Hjeds H (September 1998). "Opioid analgesics as noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists". ''Biochemical Pharmacology''. '''56''' (5): 553–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00088-4. <nowiki>PMID 9783723</nowiki>.</ref> | |||
It has high abuse potential comparable to that of [[morphine]]. Chronic use is associated with psychological dependence and addiction. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance. | |||
==History and culture== | ==History and culture== | ||
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==Toxicity and harm potential== | ==Toxicity and harm potential== | ||
{{toxicityStub}} | |||
=== | ===Dependence and abuse potential=== | ||
===Dangerous interactions=== | ===Dangerous interactions=== | ||
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{{legalStub}} | {{legalStub}} | ||
*'''Australia:''' S9 (Prohibited substance) | *'''Australia:''' S9 (Prohibited substance).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Canada:''' Schedule I | *'''Canada:''' Schedule I.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''Germany:''' Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible) | *'''Germany:''' Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible).{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''United States:''' Schedule I | *'''United States:''' Ketobemidone is a Schedule I substance.{{citation needed}} | ||
*'''European Union:''' | *'''European Union:''' Available by prescription only<ref>https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/ketobemidone-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/0001807/202005_en.pdf</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||