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Talk:Dextrorphan: Difference between revisions

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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/DXO}}


{{SubstanceBox/DXO}}
'''Dextrorphan''' (also known as '''DXO''') is a [[dissociative]] drug of the [[morphinan]] class. It's the main active metabolite of [[dextromethorphan]] ('''DXM'''). It appears as a colorless powder.<ref>
'''Dextrorphan''' (also known as '''DXO''') is a [[dissociative]] drug of the [[morphinan]] class. It's the main active metabolite of [[dextromethorphan]] ('''DXM'''). It appears as a colorless powder.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml]</ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Dextrorphan is a dextrorotatory molecule of the morphinan class. It contains a phenanthrene core structure with one aromatic ring (benzene) bound to two saturated rings (cyclohexane). [[Dextromethorphan]] is metabolized in the body by o-demethylation through the CYP2D6 enzyme to form Dextrorphan.<ref>Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dextromethorphan: fetal and adult studies. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1306804]</ref>
Dextrorphan is a dextrorotatory molecule of the morphinan class. It contains a phenanthrene core structure with one aromatic ring (benzene) bound to two saturated rings (cyclohexane). [[Dextromethorphan]] is metabolized in the body by o-demethylation through the CYP2D6 enzyme to form Dextrorphan.<ref>Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dextromethorphan: fetal and adult studies. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1306804</ref>


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] as well as essentially inactive as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Psychotropic Effects of Dextromethorphan Are Altered by the CYP2D6 Polymorphism: A Pilot Study [http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=1998&issue=08000&article=00014&type=abstract]</ref> DXO is an active chemical and contributes to the [[DXM#Subjective effects|subjective effects]] experienced when active doses of DXM are consumed.<ref>Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders - 3. Pharmacodynamics (January 2016)[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292212463_Dextromethorphan_An_update_on_its_utility_for_neurological_and_neuropsychiatric_disorders]</ref>
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] as well as essentially inactive as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Psychotropic Effects of Dextromethorphan Are Altered by the CYP2D6 Polymorphism: A Pilot Study | http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=1998&issue=08000&article=00014&type=abstract</ref> DXO is an active chemical and contributes to the [[DXM#Subjective effects|subjective effects]] experienced when active doses of DXM are consumed.<ref>Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders - 3. Pharmacodynamics (January 2016) | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292212463_Dextromethorphan_An_update_on_its_utility_for_neurological_and_neuropsychiatric_disorders</ref>


===Binding affinities (K<sub>i</sub>)===
===Binding affinities (K<sub>i</sub>)===
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One user reported excessive itchiness accompanied by a "peaceful yet emotionless state" after 340mg of the substance was consumed.<ref>
One user reported excessive itchiness accompanied by a "peaceful yet emotionless state" after 340mg of the substance was consumed.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 [https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml]</ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]'''
 
}}
===Cognitive effects===
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:DXO]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
{{#ask: [[Category:DXO]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}
Additional experience reports can be found here:
*[https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_DXO.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: DXO]
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Lethal dosage===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissociatives}}


==Legal issues==
==Legal issues==
{{legalStub}}
{{legalStub}}
* '''Germany:''' Not controlled
* '''Germany''': Dextrorphan is uncontrolled.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* '''Poland:''' Unscheduled<ref>List of scheduled substances in Poland.
* '''Poland''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled.<ref>List of scheduled substances in Poland. | http://www2.mz.gov.pl/wwwfiles/ma_struktura/docs/zal2_uopnarkomanii_29072005.pdf</ref>
[http://www2.mz.gov.pl/wwwfiles/ma_struktura/docs/zal2_uopnarkomanii_29072005.pdf]</ref>
* '''United States''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled since October 1, 1976.<ref>DEA: "Lists of: Scheduling Actions Controlled Substances Regulated Chemicals"</ref>
* '''United States:''' Unscheduled since October 1, 1976.<ref>DEA: "Lists of: Scheduling Actions Controlled Substances Regulated Chemicals"</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Morphinan]]
*[[Morphinan]]
*[[MXE]]
*[[MXE]]
==External links==
*[[wikipedia:Dextrorphan|Dextrorphan (Wikipedia)]]


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Morphinan]]
[[Category:Morphinan]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Approval]]
[[Category:Proofread]]
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