Dangerous combinations: Difference between revisions

Another possibly fatal combination of substances are [[serotonin|serotonergic]] substances, which might cause [[serotonin syndrome]]. This can also be caused alone by an overdose of said substances. [[Serotonin syndrome]] is a result of excess [[serotonin]] in the brain, which can cause [[seizures]], [[anxiety]], tremors, [[nausea]], coma and possibly a deadly fever. Usually this is caused when a user has used an [[anti-depressant]] within the last 2 weeks of consuming said substance. These kind of antidepressants include [[MAOI|monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)]], [[serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s (SSRIs) and [[serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor]]s (SNRI).

===[[Benzodiazepines]]===

*'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2-methyl-2-butanol]], [[alcohol]], [[barbiturates]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[methaqualone]], [[opioids]]'') - This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

===[[Opioids]]===

*'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2m2b]], [[alcohol]], [[barbiturates]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[Ketamine]], [[methaqualone]]'') - This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

===[[Alcohol]]===

*'''[[Depressants]]''' (''[[1,4-Butanediol]], [[2-methyl-2-butanol]], [[barbiturates]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[GHB]]/[[GBL]], [[methaqualone]], [[opioids]], [[Ketamine]],[[phenothiazines]]''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101214113109/http://my.lecom.edu/library/internetresources/journal%20articles/Acute%20Care%20for%20Alcohol%20Intoxication.pdf</ref>) - This combination can result in dangerous or even fatal levels of [[respiratory depression]]. These substances potentiate the [[muscle relaxation]], [[sedation]] and [[amnesia]] caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - This combination can result in an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If [[nausea]] or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the [[recovery position]] or have a friend move them into it.

*'''[[Stimulants]]''' -  It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a [[depressant]], with [[stimulant]]s due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the [[sedation|sedative]] effect of alcohol, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified [[disinhibition]] as well as [[Alcohol#Subjective effects|other effects]]. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour. This combination can also potentially result in severe dehydration if hydration is not monitored. It also interacts with [[cocaine]] in vivo to produce [[Cocaine#Interactions|cocaethylene]], another psychoactive substance.<ref>Cocaethylene Metabolism and Interaction with Cocaine and Ethanol: Role of Carboxylesterases | http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/31/1/16</ref>

*'''[[MAOI]]'''s - This combination can result in dangerous reactions through the way in which tyramine, a chemical commonly found in alcoholic beverages, causes [[increased blood pressure]].

*'''[[Empathogens]]''' (''[[MDMA]]'') - This combination can result in [[serotonin syndrome]], which is a result of excess amount of the neurotransmitter [[serotonin]] in the brain. Symptoms include headaches, agitation, hypomania, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, coma, shivering, sweating, nausea, twitching and tremors. These symptoms can be fatal.

*'''Other antidepressants''' - This combination can result in [[serotonin syndrome]], which is an excess amount of the neurotransmitter [[serotonin]] in the brain. Symptoms include headaches, agitation, hypomania, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, coma, shivering, sweating, nausea, twitching and tremors. These symptoms can be fatal.

==References==