Cognitive dysphoria: Difference between revisions

'''Cognitive dysphoria''' (semantically the opposite of [[Cognitive euphoria|euphoria]]) is medically recognized as a cognitive and emotional state in which a person experiences intense feelings of dissatisfaction, and in some cases indifference to the world around them.<ref name="DSM5Glossary">American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), 821. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms</ref><ref name=":0">Zoellner, L. A., Pruitt, L. D., Farach, F. J., & Jun, J. J. (2014). Understanding heterogeneity in PTSD: fear, dysphoria, and distress. ''Depression and anxiety'', ''31''(2), 97-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fda.22133</ref> These feelings can vary in their intensity depending on the dosage consumed and the user's susceptibility to mental instability. Although dysphoria is an effect, the term is also used colloquially to define a state of general melancholic unhappiness (such as that of mild [[depression]])<ref>Epkins, C. C. (1996). Cognitive specificity and affective confounding in social anxiety and dysphoria in children. ''Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment'', ''18''(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229104</ref><ref>Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S. C. (1997). Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. ''Behaviour research and therapy'', ''35''(10), 911-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00053-3</ref> often combined with an overwhelming sense of discomfort and malaise.<ref>Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. A., & Beck, A. T. (2011). Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression. ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'', ''12''(8), 467. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3027</ref>

Cognitive dysphoria is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[anxiety]] and [[depression]].<ref name="DSM5Glossary" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>Koster, E. H., De Raedt, R., Goeleven, E., Franck, E., & Crombez, G. (2005). Mood-congruent attentional bias in dysphoria: maintained attention to and impaired disengagement from negative information. ''Emotion'', ''5''(4), 446. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.446</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[deliriant]] compounds, such as [[DPH]] and [[datura]]. However, it can also occur during a [[stimulant|stimulants]] [[duration#offset|offset]] and during the [[withdrawal]] symptoms of almost any substance.</onlyinclude>