Deliriant: Difference between revisions

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'''Deliriants''' are a class of hallucinogen that are unique in that even with lower doses, they offer solid hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into waking consciousness, similar to fully formed dreams or delusions. In contrast, classical [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]] have progressive levels of multiple all encompassing sensory effects, before reaching the level of concrete hallucination.

'''Deliriants''' are a class of [[Hallucinogens|hallucinogen]] that are unique in that even with lower doses, they offer solid hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into waking consciousness, similar to fully formed dreams or delusions. In contrast, classical [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]] have progressive levels of multiple all encompassing sensory effects, before reaching the level of concrete hallucination.

The term deliriant was introduced by David F. Duncan and Robert S. Gold to distinguish these drugs from [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]], such as [[LSD]] and [[ketamine]] respectively, due to their primary effect of causing delirium, as opposed to the more lucid states produced by other types of hallucinogen.<ref>Duncan, D. F., and Gold, R. S. (1982). Drugs and the Whole Person. New York: John Wiley & Sons</ref> The term is generally used to refer to anticholinergic drugs.

Despite the fully legal status of several common deliriant plants, ~~deliriants~~ are largely unpopular as recreational drugs due to the severe and unpleasant nature of the hallucinations produced.<ref>Grinspoon, Lester and Bakalar, James B. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. The Lindesmith Center</ref> In addition to their potentially dangerous mental effects (accidents during deliriant experiences are common)<ref>Datura Items | http://www.lycaeum.org/mv/mu/datura.html</ref> Certain deliriants are poisonous and can cause death due to tachycardia-induced heart failure and hyperthermia even in small doses.<ref>Kathleen M Beaver, Thomas J Gavin, Treatment of acute anticholinergic poisoning with physostigmine, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 16, Issue 5, September 1998, Pages 505-507, ISSN 0735-6757, 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90003-1. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675798900031</ref>

Despite the fully legal status of several common deliriant plants, substances which fall under this class are largely unpopular as recreational drugs due to the severe and unpleasant nature of the hallucinations produced.<ref>Grinspoon, Lester and Bakalar, James B. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. The Lindesmith Center</ref> In addition to their potentially dangerous mental effects (accidents during deliriant experiences are common)<ref>Datura Items | http://www.lycaeum.org/mv/mu/datura.html</ref> Certain deliriants are poisonous and can cause death due to tachycardia-induced heart failure and hyperthermia even in small doses.<ref>Kathleen M Beaver, Thomas J Gavin, Treatment of acute anticholinergic poisoning with physostigmine, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 16, Issue 5, September 1998, Pages 505-507, ISSN 0735-6757, 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90003-1. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675798900031</ref>

==Method of action==

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 [[File:deliriants.png|350px|right|thumb|Artistic representation of a delirious trip. This image shows the sinister [[Visual effects: External hallucinations (deliriant)|external hallucinations]] commonly induced by delirant substances.]]
-'''Deliriants''' are a class of hallucinogen that are unique in that even with lower doses, they offer solid hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into waking consciousness, similar to fully formed dreams or delusions. In contrast, classical [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]] have progressive levels of multiple all encompassing sensory effects, before reaching the level of concrete hallucination.
+'''Deliriants''' are a class of [[Hallucinogens|hallucinogen]] that are unique in that even with lower doses, they offer solid hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into waking consciousness, similar to fully formed dreams or delusions. In contrast, classical [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]] have progressive levels of multiple all encompassing sensory effects, before reaching the level of concrete hallucination.
 The term deliriant was introduced by David F. Duncan and Robert S. Gold to distinguish these drugs from [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]], such as [[LSD]] and [[ketamine]] respectively, due to their primary effect of causing delirium, as opposed to the more lucid states produced by other types of hallucinogen.<ref>Duncan, D. F., and Gold, R. S. (1982). Drugs and the Whole Person. New York: John Wiley & Sons</ref> The term is generally used to refer to anticholinergic drugs.
-Despite the fully legal status of several common deliriant plants, deliriants are largely unpopular as recreational drugs due to the severe and unpleasant nature of the hallucinations produced.<ref>Grinspoon, Lester and Bakalar, James B. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. The Lindesmith Center</ref> In addition to their potentially dangerous mental effects (accidents during deliriant experiences are common)<ref>Datura Items | http://www.lycaeum.org/mv/mu/datura.html</ref> Certain deliriants are poisonous and can cause death due to tachycardia-induced heart failure and hyperthermia even in small doses.<ref>Kathleen M Beaver, Thomas J Gavin, Treatment of acute anticholinergic poisoning with physostigmine, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 16, Issue 5, September 1998, Pages 505-507, ISSN 0735-6757, 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90003-1. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675798900031</ref>
+Despite the fully legal status of several common deliriant plants, substances which fall under this class are largely unpopular as recreational drugs due to the severe and unpleasant nature of the hallucinations produced.<ref>Grinspoon, Lester and Bakalar, James B. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. The Lindesmith Center</ref> In addition to their potentially dangerous mental effects (accidents during deliriant experiences are common)<ref>Datura Items | http://www.lycaeum.org/mv/mu/datura.html</ref> Certain deliriants are poisonous and can cause death due to tachycardia-induced heart failure and hyperthermia even in small doses.<ref>Kathleen M Beaver, Thomas J Gavin, Treatment of acute anticholinergic poisoning with physostigmine, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 16, Issue 5, September 1998, Pages 505-507, ISSN 0735-6757, 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90003-1. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675798900031</ref>
 ==Method of action==