DMT: Difference between revisions - PsychonautWiki Archive

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In addition to this, N,N-dimethyltryptamine is believed to be an endogenous ligand for the sigma receptor. However, the significance of the sigma-1 receptor remains the subject of ongoing scientific research.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fontanilla|first1=D.|last2=Johannessen|first2=M.|last3=Hajipour|first3=A. R.|last4=Cozzi|first4=N. V.|last5=Jackson|first5=M. B.|last6=Ruoho|first6=A. E.|title=The Hallucinogen ''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Is an Endogenous Sigma-1 Receptor Regulator|year=2009|journal=Science|issn=0036-8075|eissn=1095-9203|oclc=1644869|volume=323|issue=5916|pages=934-937|doi=10.1126/science.1166127|pmid=19213917|pmc=2947205}}</ref>

~~=== Limitations regarding MAO enzymes and MAO inhibitors ===~~

Unlike other tryptamines like psilocybin, orally administred DMT is inactive because the monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAO) break it down. To experience effects orally, DMT is frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination, when done with both DMT and MAOI in their pure form, is known as pharmahuasca; when it's done through plant material, either brewed or ingested whole, it's traditionally referred as [[ayahuasca]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassman|first=Rick J.|title=Human psychopharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine|year=1995|journal=Behavioural Brain Research|volume=73|issue=1-2|pages=121-124|doi=10.1016/0166-4328(96)00081-2|issn=0166-4328|eissn=1872-7549|oclc=06183451}}</ref>.

While insufflated DMT has a fast enough onset and come up to provide a solid experience similarly to smoked DMT, doing so could stimulate the production of liquid secretions that might get mixed with it, which can drip down the throat and be swallowed, meaning that it will be broken down in the stomach and wont contribute to the experience.

The consumption of ayahuasca implies that the DMT and the harmala alkaloids are ingested simultaneously. Despite this being the traditional way to do ayahuasca, it's not the most efficient way when it comes to maximize the absorption of the psychedelic drug. Both DMT and harmala alkaloids have very similar pharmacokinetics<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Representative-pharmacokinetic-profiles-of-plasma-alkaloids-over-time-from-the-same_fig7_12895750</ref>, but modern users tend to use lower doses of harmala alkaloids and higher doses of DMT when combining both drugs; this way, DMT tends to reach the peak sooner than the MAOI used. In such occasions, a way to optimize the employment of MAO inhibitors is to ingest them about 30 minutes before the consumption of the DMT. The time window for the consumption of the MAOI is 10 to 50 minutes before the ingestion of the psychedelic drug.

===Variety of DMT methods and routes of administration===

DMT is a drug that presents one of the most wide and varied methodology when it comes to methods and routes of administration. A DMT experience can be anything from an aggressive and brief yet trascendental trip of intravenous DMT to a extensive, smooth and interactive ayahuasca experience. It's better to classify these kinds of different experience in terms of their duration into short and long-acting DMT trips (from now referred as "short DMT trips" and "long DMT trips" respectively), being the long DMT trips those that can be induced through inhibition of MAO enzymes. The followings are all the different ways in which DMT can be consumed: <ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=11514&#post11514</ref><ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml</ref><ref>https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Ingestion_Methods</ref>

DMT is probably the drug that presents one of the most wide and varied methodology when it comes to methods and routes of administration. The followings are all the different ways in which DMT can be consumed: <ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=11514&#post11514</ref><ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml</ref><ref>https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Ingestion_Methods</ref>

*'''Short~~-acting~~ DMT trip consumptions:'''

*'''"Short DMT trip" consumptions:'''

**Smoked/vaporized DMT (from 10 to 60 mg; from 5 to 20 minutes)

**Smoked/vaporized DMT crystals (from 10 to 60 mg; from 5 to 20 minutes)

**Intravenous injection of DMT (from 4 to 20 mg; from 10 to 30 minutes)

**Intravenous injection of DMT crystals (from 4 to 20 mg; from 10 to 30 minutes)

**Smoked changa (dosage difficult to measure, recommended to follow smoked DMT dosage range; up to 35 minutes)

**Intramuscular injection of DMT (up to 80 mg; up to 45 minutes)

**Intramuscular injection of DMT crystals (up to 80 mg; up to 45 minutes)

**Intranasal administration of DMT (unknown dosage ranges, presumed similar to those of smoked/vaporized DMT, unknown duration)

*'''Ayahuasca and equivalent preparations consumptions:'''

**Oral ingestion of MHRB (''mimosa hostilis'' root bark) brew or plant material (up to 50 g of ~1.2% MHRB; up to 2.5 hours)<ref>https://www.erowid.org/plants/mimosa/mimosa_info2.shtml</ref>

**Oral ingestion of ayahuasca or equivalent preparations, either liquid brew or solid plant material:

***~~Harmala alkaloids~~-containing plant, frequently ''baniseriopsis caapi'' or ''[[Peganum harmala|peganum harmala]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of ~~140~~ to ~~240~~ mg ~~of total alkaloids~~; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of the DMT-containing brew or plant material, or simultaneously with it)

***Harmalas-containing plant, frequently ''baniseriopsis caapi'' or ''[[Peganum harmala|peganum harmala]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 120 to 180 mg; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of the DMT-containing brew or plant material, or simultaneously with it)

***DMT-containing plant, frequently ''[[Mimosa tenuiflora|mimosa hostilis]]'', ''acacia confusa'' or ''[[Psychotria viridis|psychotria viridis]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 35 to 85 mg; from 5 to ~~10 hours)~~

***DMT-containing plant, frequently ''[[Mimosa tenuiflora|mimosa hostilis]]'', ''acacia confusa'' or ''[[Psychotria viridis|psychotria viridis]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 35 to 90 mg; from 5 to 8 hours)

**Oral ingestion of pharmahuasca:

*'''"Long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: a co-administration through the same ROA of 70 to 120 mg of harmalas<ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10624&p=1</ref>; or an oral ingestion of either 120 to 180 mg of harmalas or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material; the latter from 70 to 30 minutes prior to the administration of DMT crystals):

***MAOI or RIMA (from 140 to 240 mg of total harmala alkaloids, or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of DMT or simultaneously with it)

**Rectal administration of DMT crystals (from 15 to 70 mg; from 4.5 to 7 hours)<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/DMT/comments/1726ldy/did_anyone_tried_dmt_boof/kol2qu0/?context=3</ref>

***DMT (from 35 to 85 mg; from 5 to 10 hours)

*'''Long~~-acting~~ DMT trip consumptions''' (for each: a co-administration through the same ROA of 70 to ~~150~~ mg of ~~total harmala alkaloids~~<ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10624&p=1</ref>, or an oral ingestion of ~~140~~ to ~~240~~ mg of ~~total alkaloids,~~ or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material~~, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA~~; from 70 to 30 minutes prior to the administration of DMT crystals):

**Rectal administration of DMT crystals (up to 70 mg; from 5 to 8 hours)<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/DMT/comments/1726ldy/did_anyone_tried_dmt_boof/kol2qu0/?context=3</ref>

**Sublingual administration of DMT crystal (unknown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of rectal DMT; unknown duration)

**Intranasal administration of DMT crystal (unkown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of ~~smoked/vaporized~~ DMT; unknown duration)

**Intranasal administration of DMT crystal (unkown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of rectal DMT; unknown duration)

*'''Hypothetical "long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: an oral ingestion of either ~~140~~ to ~~240~~ mg of ~~total harmala alkaloids,~~ or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material~~, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA~~):

*'''Hypothetical "long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: an oral ingestion of either 120 to 180 mg of harmalas or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material):

**Smoked/vaporized DMT (from 10 to 60 mg; unknown duration, pressumed higher than that of changa)

**Smoked/vaporized DMT crystals (from 10 to 60 mg; unknown duration, pressumed higher than that of changa)

**Intravenous injection of DMT (from 4 to 20 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intravenous DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)

**Intravenous injection of DMT crystals (from 4 to 20 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intravenous DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)

**Intramuscular injection of DMT (up to 80 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intramuscular DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)

**Intramuscular injection of DMT crystals (up to 80 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intramuscular DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)

====Limitations====

*Oral: Oral [[DMT]] is inactive because stomach enzymes called MAO enzymes break it down. To experience effects orally, DMT is frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination is known as [[pharmahuasca]]. When the MAOIs and DMT are derived from plant extracts, it is referred to as [[ayahuasca]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassman|first=Rick J.|title=Human psychopharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine|year=1995|journal=Behavioural Brain Research|volume=73|issue=1-2|pages=121-124|doi=10.1016/0166-4328(96)00081-2|issn=0166-4328|eissn=1872-7549|oclc=06183451}}</ref> Ayahuasca brews have been used traditionally in South America since at least around the year 1500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_basics.shtml|publisher=Erowid|title=Erowid DMT Vault: Basics|access-date=January 7, 2020|date=August 22, 2000}}</ref>

*Insufflation (snorting): DMT absorbed through the nose may drip down your throat and be swallowed. If swallowed, it will be broken down in your stomach and have no effect.

==Subjective effects==

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It is worth noting that many people report that smoked DMT is extremely clear-headed in its style and tends to produce less personal insight in comparison to orally active [[psychedelics]] such as [[ayahuasca]], [[LSD]] and [[psilocybin]] due to its short-acting nature.

An important detail that must be considered is that the majority of the following information about the effects that DMT can produce is extracted almost entirely from reports of smoked DMT. It's completely possible to induce a DMT trip with the co-ingestion of a MAOI but employing a different [[Routes of administration|ROA]] than oral (the latter ~~referred~~ as [[ayahuasca]] or pharmahuasca), for example: [[rectal]], [[sublingual]] or [[intranasal]]. Such methods of consumption will allow the DMT to avoid passing through the liver and also ~~inhibit~~ the action of the MAO ~~enzymes~~, leading to "long DMT trips" that can provide a series of effects that are distinct to those of smoked DMT but that also differ slightly from classical ayahuasca experiences.

An important detail that must be considered is that the majority of the following information about the effects that DMT can produce is extracted almost entirely from reports of smoked DMT. It's completely possible to induce a DMT trip with the co-ingestion of a MAOI but employing a different [[Routes of administration|ROA]] than oral (the latter reffered as [[ayahuasca]] or pharmahuasca), for example: [[rectal]], [[sublingual]] or [[intranasal]]. Such methods of consumption will allow the DMT to avoid passing through the liver and also inhibe the action of the MAO enzimes, leading to "long DMT trips" that can provide a series of effects that are distinct to those of smoked DMT but that also differ slightly from classical ayahuasca experiences.

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*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''<ref name="strassman" />

*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name="strassman" />

*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''<ref name="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773875/" />

*'''[[Effect::Neurogenesis]]'''<ref name="pmid=32989216" />

*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''<ref name="strassman" />

*'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]'''<ref name="strassman">{{cite journal|last1=Strassman|first1=R. J.|last2=Qualls|first2=C. R.|last3=Uhlenhuth|first3=E. H.|last4=Kellner|first4=R.|title=Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. II. Subjective effects and preliminary results of a new rating scale|year=1994|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|issn=2168-622X|eissn=1538-3636|volume=51|issue=2|pages=98-108|pmid=8297217|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020022002|url=http://www.maps.org/research-archive/w3pb/1994/1994_Strassman_22714_1.pdf}}</ref>

*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Neurogenesis]]'''<ref name="pmid=32989216" /> and '''[[Effect::Neuroplasticity]]'''<ref name="pmid=29898390" /> - Recent studies have shown that psychedelics, when done in a therapeutic setting and following harm reduction practices, can improve brain health by promoting neuron production and increasing plasticity.

*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of DMT can be described as a pleasurable all-encompassing glow. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. It is capable of becoming very powerful at higher doses and can remain after the experience itself has ended for up the same amount of time of the trip's entire duration.

*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that, when smoking DMT, this effect is not as reliably produced as it is with substances like [[stimulants]] or [[entactogens]], and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort for no apparent reason. However, ~~even if such discomfort manifests during~~ a ~~"long~~ DMT ~~trip", it tends~~ to ~~eventually fade into a distinctive physical euphoria when~~ the ~~come down is approaching. Such euphoria is described as an all encompasing inner warmth which can~~, ocasionally, become ~~very~~ powerful, in a fashion ~~that would be described~~ as ~~"more blissful than opioids like [[heroin]] or [[oxycodone]]"~~.

*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that, when smoking DMT, this effect is not as reliably produced as it is with substances like [[stimulants]] or [[entactogens]], and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort for no apparent reason. However, this effect seems to be more consistent and long-lasting when a MAOI is used to prevent the renderization of DMT or to extend the duration of the experience and, ocasionally in such conditions, this effect can become as powerful as with opioids, in a fashion depicted as waves of feelings of warmth and relief invading the user's body.

*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]''' - When smoking higher DMT breakthrough doses, physical feelings of being launched across vast distances at incredibly high speeds are commonly reported.<ref name="strassman"></ref>

*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - This effect is much less common than it is with [[5-MeO-DMT]] as well as longer-lasting psychedelics like [[Psilocybin#Psilocybin-containing mushrooms|psilocybin mushrooms]] or [[mescaline]]. However, it can still manifest spontaneously and sometimes lead to sudden bouts of vomiting, particularly when a MAO inhibitor has been used to induce a "long DMT trip". Fasting during the previous hours to the experience or eating small portions (and preferently light foods) can prevent this effect.

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*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Anxiety seems to manifest more consistently with DMT in comparison to other psychedelics like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin]] and it's oftenly present during the come up phase, fading off while the user enters the peak. This effect may be related to the drug's capacity to produce high levels of memory suppression given that the feeling itself is oftenly described as if one's consciousness is losing touch with reality or that the mind is being ripped apart. In very high doses the user may suffer the percepton that is being driven to insanity against their will, getting disintegrated or even fall into the not uncommon delusion that is dying. The practice of grounding exercises can help the user to deal with this effect.

*'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]'''<ref name="strassman" />

*'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]'''<ref name="strassman" /> - While this effect can be manifested during the experience itself -particularly during the come up-, it's extremely common for nervousness, anxiety or fear to be suffered minutes, hours or sometimes even days prior to the experience. This effect is described as if the user is about to face, alone, an inminent danger, and depending on the set and setting, the level of experience and how often the user "trips", this effect can vary from mild to overwhelming, which can lead to the user's decision to delay or decline the consumption of the drug. It's discouraged to users to make use of anxyolitic drugs to inhibe this effect since the experience can be significantly "numbed", making the user to regret such decision.

**Pre-trip anxiety - While this effect can be manifested during the experience itself -particularly during the come up-, it's extremely common for nervousness, anxiety or fear to be suffered minutes, hours or sometimes even days prior to the experience. This effect is described as if the user is about to face, alone, an inminent danger, and depending on the set and setting, the level of experience and how often the user "trips", this effect can vary from mild to overwhelming, which can lead to the user's decision to delay or decline the consumption of the drug. It's discouraged to users to make use of anxyolitic drugs to inhibe this effect since the experience can be significantly "numbed", making the user to regret such decision.

*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]''' - Delusions can be presented alongside [[personal meaning intensification]], and are common among inexperienced users, who may be not completely aware that this is an effect on itself and not necessarily a strict implication that feeling a connection or implication of any kind means that there is actually one.

*'''[[Effect::Ego replacement]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]''' - While smoking DMT doesn't present this effect with enough consistency, the co-consumption of a MAOI will lead to a prolonged "trip" in which the user can experience common emotions in an intensified fashion, and even if so called negative emotions such as sadness or melancholy can appear during the experience -depending on the set, setting and background context-, it's common for the experience to still be defined as "pleasant" since such emotions often produce [[catharsis]] and can be properly dealt through [[personal bias suppression]].

*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - ~~On "short DMT trips", this~~ effect differs from MDMA and other [[entactogens]] in that it isn't as central to the experience and it's ~~mostly~~ presented ~~as a part of the afterglow. It can manifest more consistently~~ during "long DMT trips", where it feels more natural and less forced, and is experienced predominantly during the come down or after the experience ended.

*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This effect differs from MDMA and other [[entactogens]] in that it isn't as central to the experience and it's mainly presented during "long DMT trips" where the user consumed the drug alongside a MAO inhibitor. It feels more natural and less forced, and is experienced predominantly during the come down or after the experience ended.

*'''[[Effect::Euthymia]]''' - This effect manifests itself acutely for all classical psychedelics when one to three doses are combined with a psychotherapy treatment program. In case of DMT, euthymia has a slightly higher ocurrence when a [[MAOI]] is added to the ingestion. When comparing meta analyses, psychedelic psychotherapy greatly outperforms "gold standard" treatments for several mental health problems.

*'''[[Effect::Catharsis]]''' - While smoking DMT doesn't provide a long enough experience to process trauma or difficult situations while under the influence of the drug, the co-consumption of a MAOI alongside the non-oral DMT will extend the experience duration and some users that have been going through certain traumatic backgrounds can experience a process of "healing" and "letting go" in a very similar manner to [[ayahuasca]].

*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement|Analysis]]''', '''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement|creativity]]''' and '''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement|immersion]]''' enhancements - While smoking DMT can produce these enhancements, these are not as noticeable as with "long DMT trips", given that such experiences will last long enough for the user to get involved in activities where the effects can be much more appreciated. In these situations, these effects are similar to those of [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]] or [[ayahuasca]].

*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - When applied a "long trip" method, DMT can induce this effect with one of the highest consistencies among psychedelics~~, being sometimes described as "pure bliss or ecstasy"~~. It's commonly reported that, when the peak starts transitioning into the come down of the experience, feelings of ~~peace~~, fulfillment and appreciation will become central to the experience. Sometimes and depending on the set and setting, this effect can be accompanied by an [[existential self-realization]] and/or feelings of [[unity and interconnectedness]], which occasionally can lead to the user to a trascendental ~~moment~~, even if the peak itself of the whole experience has already passed.

*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - When applied a "long trip" method, DMT can induce this effect with one of the highest consistencies among other psychedelics. It's commonly reported that, when the peak starts transitioning into the come down of the experience, feelings of bliss, fulfillment and appreciation will become central to the experience. Sometimes and depending on the set and setting, this effect can be accompanied by an [[existential self-realization]] and/or feelings of [[unity and interconnectedness]], which occasionally can lead to the user to a trascendental experience, even if the peak itself of the whole experience has already passed.

*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - When DMT is smoked or vaporized, this effect typically occurs only at sub-breakthrough doses, and many people prefer to have their DMT experiences in complete silence to prevent a muddled or overwhelming experience. On the other side, when a MAOI is added and DMT is administred rectally, sublingually or intranasally, this effect can become as prominent as with [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin]] and sometimes will be central to the experience, especially during the come down.

*'''[[Effect::Memory formation enhancement]]''' - Opposite to amnesia, one can recall events of the trip with an increased facility, in comparison to the great majority of other drugs or everyday life. This effect can persist during the following hours or days after the experience.

*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''

**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]''' - Mindfulness tends to occur after the experience has ended and the individual has returned to ordinary waking consciousness, to a sense of presence and sensitivity towards one's inner sensations as well as outer environment. This effect can last significantly longer once the experience has ended if the user went through a "long DMT trip" by using a [[MAOI]] to extend the experience's duration.

*'''[[Effect::Multiple thought streams]]''' - This effect tends to manifest in a much more chaotic fashion, in tandem with the sensation of cognitive overload.

*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' - ~~Similarly to [[cognitive euphoria]]~~, ~~novelty enhancement~~ is ~~another signature effect~~ of ~~a "long DMT trip"~~. The user ~~might adopt a "childish enthusiasm"~~ towards ~~their~~ environment~~, becoming sensitive to elements~~ that in other conditions would be defined as trivial, common or ~~even~~ boring, such as the blue color of the sky, the texture of a blanket or a joke told by someone else.

*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' - With DMT, this effect is percieved as a sensation of mental refreshment. The user becomes sensitive towards elements of the environment that in other conditions would be defined as trivial, common or boring, such as the blue color of the sky, the texture of a blanket or a joke told by someone else.

*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Suggestibility enhancement]]'''

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*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' and '''[[Effect::Decreased libido|decreased libido]]''' - Despite the fact that both effects are commonly referred as physical effects, "long DMT trips" are capable to leave the user in a status of overall satisfaction and contentment, thus decreasing any urge to eat or take part in sexual activities, even if the user is perfectly capable of doing so in physical terms. This effect, alongside [[mindfulness]] is one of the common effects of the afterglow and it has been reported to last for several days or weeks even.

*'''[[Effect::Autonomous voice communication]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]''' ~~- During "breakthrough" doses, this effect is prominent due to the intense [[memory suppression]] that can manifest, leading users to have "thoughts that cannot be spoken".~~

*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''

*Thought '''[[Effect::Thought acceleration|acceleration]]''', '''[[Effect::Thought connectivity|connectivity]]''' and '''[[Effect::Thought organization|organization]]'''

*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - When smoking, this particular effect is most prevalent and notable with [[DMT#Progressive stages|"breakthrough" experiences]].<ref name="strassman" />, and only tends to last under fifteen minutes but is commonly reported to subjectively feel as if it had lasted much longer, in some cases "many lifetimes" or even an "eternity". On the other hand, during "long DMT trips", while the user can still experience an "eternal" breakthrough experience, after the peak ends and the user enters the comedown, they can still feel that time is passing slower than usual; this effect is related to other effects like [[analysis enhancement]] and [[immersion enhancement]].

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{{effects/transpersonal|

For a number of individuals these effects are consistently more reproducible and powerful with DMT than they are with other “classical psychedelics” such as [[LSD]] or [[mescaline]], this is most likely due to its very intense effects. These components are unique to DMT in that for a majority of its users they are significantly more likely to manifest during "breakthrough" experiences as opposed to sub-breakthrough level experiences.

For a number of individuals these effects are consistently more reproducible and powerful with smoked or vaporized DMT than they are with other “classical psychedelics” such as [[LSD]] or [[mescaline]], this is most likely due to its very intense but relatively short-lived effects. These components are unique to DMT in that for a majority of its users they are significantly more likely to manifest during "breakthrough" experiences as opposed to sub-breakthrough level experiences.

*'''[[Effect::Spirituality enhancement]]'''

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}}

===Progressive stages ~~of a short-acting DMT experience~~===

===Progressive stages===

When smoked or vaporized at moderate to heavy dosages, the DMT experience consistently manifests itself in a progressive sequence which can be described as follows:

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'''2. "The Waiting Room"'''

Almost immediately after a person has inhaled enough DMT to have "broken through", they often find themselves spending a brief amount of time in what is sometimes described as a [[psychedelic]] "waiting room" or "loading screen". The appearance of this space can assume a seemingly infinite variety of forms but generally appears in the shape of an enveloping tunnel comprised of rapidly shifting, interlocking geometry. This lasts approximately 10 to 20 seconds and feels qualitatively different from other stages of the experience.

Almost immediately after a person has inhaled enough DMT to have "broken through", they often find themselves spending a brief amount of time in what is sometimes described as a [[psychedelic]] "waiting room" or "loading screen." The appearance of this space can assume a seemingly infinite variety of forms but generally appears in the shape of an enveloping tunnel comprised of rapidly shifting, interlocking geometry. This lasts approximately 10 – 20 seconds and feels qualitatively different from other stages of the experience.

'''3. "The Other Side"'''

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The final stage is experienced as the sensation of being pulled further and further away from the scenario until it is no longer visible and one finds themselves back in reality. This is typically accompanied by level 3 - 4 [[geometry]] as well as a sense of general exhilaration and awe. The moderate to mild [[geometry]] stays for a further 10 – 15 minutes before disappearing completely, sometimes leaving a noticeable "body high" that lingers for up to an hour.

~~=== Progressive stages of a long-acting DMT experience ===~~

"Long DMT trips" are reported to be at least twice as long as "short DMT trips" and have particular effects that oftenly don't take place when the drug is smoked in the absence of a MAOI. A "long DMT trip" can be described as a four phase experience, with a come up, a peak divided in two parts and a come down:

~~'''1. Come up'''~~

Depending on the route of administration, the come up phase can last about 5 to 20 minutes. Since for this methodology the DMT is commonly prepared in the form of acetate (which can extend the onset duration to several minutes) and administrated rectally, nasally or sublingually, the user is not "busy" trying to vaporize crystals or manipulating a syringe while the effects are "wearing on", meaning that they can be in a state of relaxation through all the come up. Given that this phase is longer than during a "short DMT trip", it doesn't present the same distress and can be dealt with proper calm and better focus. It can still, though, provoke [[anxiety]] and give the classical delusion of dying. The first effect that is usually noticed -and that "marks" the beginning of the experience- is a tingling sensation which is perceived as located in the brain. Other common effects are [[Multiple thought streams|multiple thought streams]] and [[Memory suppression|memory suppression]].

~~'''2. "The longer breakthrough"'''~~

The rectal, sublingual and intranasal routes of administration are all capable of producing breakthroughs, which can be very intense and are usually at least 30 minutes long and can last up to 2 hours, depending on the dosages (quantity and presentation). A route of administration such as intranasal has a fast onset and come up and, during the first 15 minutes of the peak, can provide a very similar experience than smoked DMT if a high dose is used. Slower ROAs, such as rectally or sublingually, tend to give so called "ayahuasca breakthroughs" but usually shorter and with less body load, as well as a higher intensity and clean headspace. Nonetheless, given that all "long DMT trip" methodologies are proficient in inducing "longer breakthroughs", it can become draining for the user to be in an extended period of time in such an altered state of consciousness; users prefer to use sub-breakthrough doses to have experiences of still a high intensity but in less degree than that of a typical "breakthrough". The "long DMT trip breakthrough" can present both smoked DMT and ayahuasca typical geometry, alongside [[Conceptual thinking|conceptual thinking]], [[Time distortion|time distortion]], and sometimes [[Unity and interconnectedness|unity and interconnectedness]], [[Ego death|ego death]] or a [[Near-death experience|near-death experience]].

~~'''3. "Coming back"'''~~

If the user has experienced a breakthrough, a second part in the peak can be present as a short period of time (usually lasting from 20 to 60 minutes) in which the user is still experiencing some "breakthrough" effects but also being in a roughly "normal awareness". Common tasks are difficult to perform since the effects taking place are still too distracting and the user feels [[Sedation|sedated]], but walking around and talking with people is already doable without experiencing a noticeable [[amnesia]]. This part is more of a transition between the "breakthrough" and the come down.

~~'''4. Come down'''~~

Despite DMT is known due to the reports of trascendental breakthroughs, users that try the "long DMT trip" method frequently find the come down phase to be the most pleasant part of the experience. It's also the longest part of the experience, usually lasting up to 4 hours. This type of DMT experience is unique due to the fact that people are totally still under the effects of DMT but without going through a breakthrough, meaning that now they can interact with the world and get involved in activites in a very particular state of mind, frequently stronger than that of [[Psilocybin mushrooms|psilocybin]]. The most prominent effects of this phase are [[Cognitive euphoria|cognitive euphoria]], [[Empathy, affection and sociability enhancement|social enhancement]] and [[Increased music appreciation|increased music appreciation]]. Other common effects are [[rejuvenation]] and [[Novelty enhancement|novelty enhancement]], and also [[Analysis enhancement|analysis]], [[Creativity enhancement|creativity]] and [[Immersion intensification|immersion]] enhancements.

===Experience reports===

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 In addition to this, N,N-dimethyltryptamine is believed to be an endogenous ligand for the sigma receptor. However, the significance of the sigma-1 receptor remains the subject of ongoing scientific research.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fontanilla|first1=D.|last2=Johannessen|first2=M.|last3=Hajipour|first3=A. R.|last4=Cozzi|first4=N. V.|last5=Jackson|first5=M. B.|last6=Ruoho|first6=A. E.|title=The Hallucinogen ''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Is an Endogenous Sigma-1 Receptor Regulator|year=2009|journal=Science|issn=0036-8075|eissn=1095-9203|oclc=1644869|volume=323|issue=5916|pages=934-937|doi=10.1126/science.1166127|pmid=19213917|pmc=2947205}}</ref>
-=== Limitations regarding MAO enzymes and MAO inhibitors ===
-Unlike other tryptamines like psilocybin, orally administred DMT is inactive because the monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAO) break it down. To experience effects orally, DMT is frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination, when done with both DMT and MAOI in their pure form, is known as pharmahuasca; when it's done through plant material, either brewed or ingested whole, it's traditionally referred as [[ayahuasca]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassman|first=Rick J.|title=Human psychopharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine|year=1995|journal=Behavioural Brain Research|volume=73|issue=1-2|pages=121-124|doi=10.1016/0166-4328(96)00081-2|issn=0166-4328|eissn=1872-7549|oclc=06183451}}</ref>.
-While insufflated DMT has a fast enough onset and come up to provide a solid experience similarly to smoked DMT, doing so could stimulate the production of liquid secretions that might get mixed with it, which can drip down the throat and be swallowed, meaning that it will be broken down in the stomach and wont contribute to the experience.
-The consumption of ayahuasca implies that the DMT and the harmala alkaloids are ingested simultaneously. Despite this being the traditional way to do ayahuasca, it's not the most efficient way when it comes to maximize the absorption of the psychedelic drug. Both DMT and harmala alkaloids have very similar pharmacokinetics<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Representative-pharmacokinetic-profiles-of-plasma-alkaloids-over-time-from-the-same_fig7_12895750</ref>, but modern users tend to use lower doses of harmala alkaloids and higher doses of DMT when combining both drugs; this way, DMT tends to reach the peak sooner than the MAOI used. In such occasions, a way to optimize the employment of MAO inhibitors is to ingest them about 30 minutes before the consumption of the DMT. The time window for the consumption of the MAOI is 10 to 50 minutes before the ingestion of the psychedelic drug.
 ===Variety of DMT methods and routes of administration===
-DMT is a drug that presents one of the most wide and varied methodology when it comes to methods and routes of administration. A DMT experience can be anything from an aggressive and brief yet trascendental trip of intravenous DMT to a extensive, smooth and interactive ayahuasca experience. It's better to classify these kinds of different experience in terms of their duration into short and long-acting DMT trips (from now referred as "short DMT trips" and "long DMT trips" respectively), being the long DMT trips those that can be induced through inhibition of MAO enzymes. The followings are all the different ways in which DMT can be consumed: <ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=11514&#post11514</ref><ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml</ref><ref>https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Ingestion_Methods</ref>
+DMT is probably the drug that presents one of the most wide and varied methodology when it comes to methods and routes of administration. The followings are all the different ways in which DMT can be consumed: <ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=11514&#post11514</ref><ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal06.shtml</ref><ref>https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Ingestion_Methods</ref>
-*'''Short-acting DMT trip consumptions:'''
+*'''"Short DMT trip" consumptions:'''
-**Smoked/vaporized DMT (from 10 to 60 mg; from 5 to 20 minutes)
+**Smoked/vaporized DMT crystals (from 10 to 60 mg; from 5 to 20 minutes)
-**Intravenous injection of DMT (from 4 to 20 mg; from 10 to 30 minutes)
+**Intravenous injection of DMT crystals (from 4 to 20 mg; from 10 to 30 minutes)
 **Smoked changa (dosage difficult to measure, recommended to follow smoked DMT dosage range; up to 35 minutes)
-**Intramuscular injection of DMT (up to 80 mg; up to 45 minutes)
+**Intramuscular injection of DMT crystals (up to 80 mg; up to 45 minutes)
-**Intranasal administration of DMT (unknown dosage ranges, presumed similar to those of smoked/vaporized DMT, unknown duration)
 *'''Ayahuasca and equivalent preparations consumptions:'''
 **Oral ingestion of MHRB (''mimosa hostilis'' root bark) brew or plant material (up to 50 g of ~1.2% MHRB; up to 2.5 hours)<ref>https://www.erowid.org/plants/mimosa/mimosa_info2.shtml</ref>
 **Oral ingestion of ayahuasca or equivalent preparations, either liquid brew or solid plant material:
-***Harmala alkaloids-containing plant, frequently ''baniseriopsis caapi'' or ''[[Peganum harmala|peganum harmala]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 140 to 240 mg of total alkaloids; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of the DMT-containing brew or plant material, or simultaneously with it)
+***Harmalas-containing plant, frequently ''baniseriopsis caapi'' or ''[[Peganum harmala|peganum harmala]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 120 to 180 mg; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of the DMT-containing brew or plant material, or simultaneously with it)
-***DMT-containing plant, frequently ''[[Mimosa tenuiflora|mimosa hostilis]]'', ''acacia confusa'' or ''[[Psychotria viridis|psychotria viridis]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 35 to 85 mg; from 5 to 10 hours)
+***DMT-containing plant, frequently ''[[Mimosa tenuiflora|mimosa hostilis]]'', ''acacia confusa'' or ''[[Psychotria viridis|psychotria viridis]]'' (amount of plant material with an equivalence of 35 to 90 mg; from 5 to 8 hours)
-**Oral ingestion of pharmahuasca:
+*'''"Long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: a co-administration through the same ROA of 70 to 120 mg of harmalas<ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10624&p=1</ref>; or an oral ingestion of either 120 to 180 mg of harmalas or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material; the latter from 70 to 30 minutes prior to the administration of DMT crystals):
-***MAOI or RIMA (from 140 to 240 mg of total harmala alkaloids, or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA; up to 50 minutes prior to the ingestion of DMT or simultaneously with it)
+**Rectal administration of DMT crystals (from 15 to 70 mg; from 4.5 to 7 hours)<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/DMT/comments/1726ldy/did_anyone_tried_dmt_boof/kol2qu0/?context=3</ref>
-***DMT (from 35 to 85 mg; from 5 to 10 hours)
-*'''Long-acting DMT trip consumptions''' (for each: a co-administration through the same ROA of 70 to 150 mg of total harmala alkaloids<ref>https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10624&p=1</ref>, or an oral ingestion of 140 to 240 mg of total alkaloids, or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA; from 70 to 30 minutes prior to the administration of DMT crystals):
-**Rectal administration of DMT crystals (up to 70 mg; from 5 to 8 hours)<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/DMT/comments/1726ldy/did_anyone_tried_dmt_boof/kol2qu0/?context=3</ref>
 **Sublingual administration of DMT crystal (unknown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of rectal DMT; unknown duration)
-**Intranasal administration of DMT crystal (unkown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of smoked/vaporized DMT; unknown duration)
+**Intranasal administration of DMT crystal (unkown dosage ranges, pressumed similar to those of rectal DMT; unknown duration)
-*'''Hypothetical "long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: an oral ingestion of either 140 to 240 mg of total harmala alkaloids, or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material, or an equivalent dose of a pharmaceutical MAOI or RIMA):
+*'''Hypothetical "long DMT trip" consumptions''' (for each: an oral ingestion of either 120 to 180 mg of harmalas or an equivalent amount of harmalas-containing plant material):
-**Smoked/vaporized DMT (from 10 to 60 mg; unknown duration, pressumed higher than that of changa)
+**Smoked/vaporized DMT crystals (from 10 to 60 mg; unknown duration, pressumed higher than that of changa)
-**Intravenous injection of DMT (from 4 to 20 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intravenous DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)
+**Intravenous injection of DMT crystals (from 4 to 20 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intravenous DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)
-**Intramuscular injection of DMT (up to 80 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intramuscular DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)
+**Intramuscular injection of DMT crystals (up to 80 mg; unknown duration, assumed higher than that of intramuscular DMT without prior harmalas ingestion)
+====Limitations====
+*Oral: Oral [[DMT]] is inactive because stomach enzymes called MAO enzymes break it down. To experience effects orally, DMT is frequently combined with [[MAO inhibitor]]s (MAOIs), which prevent this breakdown. This combination is known as [[pharmahuasca]]. When the MAOIs and DMT are derived from plant extracts, it is referred to as [[ayahuasca]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassman|first=Rick J.|title=Human psychopharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine|year=1995|journal=Behavioural Brain Research|volume=73|issue=1-2|pages=121-124|doi=10.1016/0166-4328(96)00081-2|issn=0166-4328|eissn=1872-7549|oclc=06183451}}</ref> Ayahuasca brews have been used traditionally in South America since at least around the year 1500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_basics.shtml|publisher=Erowid|title=Erowid DMT Vault: Basics|access-date=January 7, 2020|date=August 22, 2000}}</ref>
+*Insufflation (snorting): DMT absorbed through the nose may drip down your throat and be swallowed. If swallowed, it will be broken down in your stomach and have no effect.
 ==Subjective effects==
@@ Line 80: / Line 74: @@
 It is worth noting that many people report that smoked DMT is extremely clear-headed in its style and tends to produce less personal insight in comparison to orally active [[psychedelics]] such as [[ayahuasca]], [[LSD]] and [[psilocybin]] due to its short-acting nature.
-An important detail that must be considered is that the majority of the following information about the effects that DMT can produce is extracted almost entirely from reports of smoked DMT. It's completely possible to induce a DMT trip with the co-ingestion of a MAOI but employing a different [[Routes of administration|ROA]] than oral (the latter referred as [[ayahuasca]] or pharmahuasca), for example: [[rectal]], [[sublingual]] or [[intranasal]]. Such methods of consumption will allow the DMT to avoid passing through the liver and also inhibit the action of the MAO enzymes, leading to "long DMT trips" that can provide a series of effects that are distinct to those of smoked DMT but that also differ slightly from classical ayahuasca experiences.
+An important detail that must be considered is that the majority of the following information about the effects that DMT can produce is extracted almost entirely from reports of smoked DMT. It's completely possible to induce a DMT trip with the co-ingestion of a MAOI but employing a different [[Routes of administration|ROA]] than oral (the latter reffered as [[ayahuasca]] or pharmahuasca), for example: [[rectal]], [[sublingual]] or [[intranasal]]. Such methods of consumption will allow the DMT to avoid passing through the liver and also inhibe the action of the MAO enzimes, leading to "long DMT trips" that can provide a series of effects that are distinct to those of smoked DMT but that also differ slightly from classical ayahuasca experiences.
 {{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
@@ Line 90: / Line 84: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''<ref name="strassman" />
 *'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''<ref name="strassman" />
-*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''<ref name="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773875/" />
-*'''[[Effect::Neurogenesis]]'''<ref name="pmid=32989216" />
 *'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''<ref name="strassman" />
 *'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]'''<ref name="strassman">{{cite journal|last1=Strassman|first1=R. J.|last2=Qualls|first2=C. R.|last3=Uhlenhuth|first3=E. H.|last4=Kellner|first4=R.|title=Dose-response study of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. II. Subjective effects and preliminary results of a new rating scale|year=1994|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|issn=2168-622X|eissn=1538-3636|volume=51|issue=2|pages=98-108|pmid=8297217|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020022002|url=http://www.maps.org/research-archive/w3pb/1994/1994_Strassman_22714_1.pdf}}</ref>
 *'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]'''
+*'''[[Effect::Neurogenesis]]'''<ref name="pmid=32989216" /> and '''[[Effect::Neuroplasticity]]'''<ref name="pmid=29898390" /> - Recent studies have shown that psychedelics, when done in a therapeutic setting and following harm reduction practices, can improve brain health by promoting neuron production and increasing plasticity.
 *'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of DMT can be described as a pleasurable all-encompassing glow. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. It is capable of becoming very powerful at higher doses and can remain after the experience itself has ended for up the same amount of time of the trip's entire duration.
-*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that, when smoking DMT, this effect is not as reliably produced as it is with substances like [[stimulants]] or [[entactogens]], and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort for no apparent reason. However, even if such discomfort manifests during a "long DMT trip", it tends to eventually fade into a distinctive physical euphoria when the come down is approaching. Such euphoria is described as an all encompasing inner warmth which can, ocasionally, become very powerful, in a fashion that would be described as "more blissful than opioids like [[heroin]] or [[oxycodone]]".
+*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that, when smoking DMT, this effect is not as reliably produced as it is with substances like [[stimulants]] or [[entactogens]], and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort for no apparent reason. However, this effect seems to be more consistent and long-lasting when a MAOI is used to prevent the renderization of DMT or to extend the duration of the experience and, ocasionally in such conditions, this effect can become as powerful as with opioids, in a fashion depicted as waves of feelings of warmth and relief invading the user's body.
 *'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]''' - When smoking higher DMT breakthrough doses, physical feelings of being launched across vast distances at incredibly high speeds are commonly reported.<ref name="strassman"></ref>
 *'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - This effect is much less common than it is with [[5-MeO-DMT]] as well as longer-lasting psychedelics like [[Psilocybin#Psilocybin-containing mushrooms|psilocybin mushrooms]] or [[mescaline]]. However, it can still manifest spontaneously and sometimes lead to sudden bouts of vomiting, particularly when a MAO inhibitor has been used to induce a "long DMT trip". Fasting during the previous hours to the experience or eating small portions (and preferently light foods) can prevent this effect.
@@ Line 155: / Line 148: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Anxiety seems to manifest more consistently with DMT in comparison to other psychedelics like [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin]] and it's oftenly present during the come up phase, fading off while the user enters the peak. This effect may be related to the drug's capacity to produce high levels of memory suppression given that the feeling itself is oftenly described as if one's consciousness is losing touch with reality or that the mind is being ripped apart. In very high doses the user may suffer the percepton that is being driven to insanity against their will, getting disintegrated or even fall into the not uncommon delusion that is dying. The practice of grounding exercises can help the user to deal with this effect.
-*'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]'''<ref name="strassman" />
+*'''[[Effect::Feelings of impending doom]]'''<ref name="strassman" /> - While this effect can be manifested during the experience itself -particularly during the come up-, it's extremely common for nervousness, anxiety or fear to be suffered minutes, hours or sometimes even days prior to the experience. This effect is described as if the user is about to face, alone, an inminent danger, and depending on the set and setting, the level of experience and how often the user "trips", this effect can vary from mild to overwhelming, which can lead to the user's decision to delay or decline the consumption of the drug. It's discouraged to users to make use of anxyolitic drugs to inhibe this effect since the experience can be significantly "numbed", making the user to regret such decision.
-**Pre-trip anxiety - While this effect can be manifested during the experience itself -particularly during the come up-, it's extremely common for nervousness, anxiety or fear to be suffered minutes, hours or sometimes even days prior to the experience. This effect is described as if the user is about to face, alone, an inminent danger, and depending on the set and setting, the level of experience and how often the user "trips", this effect can vary from mild to overwhelming, which can lead to the user's decision to delay or decline the consumption of the drug. It's discouraged to users to make use of anxyolitic drugs to inhibe this effect since the experience can be significantly "numbed", making the user to regret such decision.
 *'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Delusion]]''' - Delusions can be presented alongside [[personal meaning intensification]], and are common among inexperienced users, who may be not completely aware that this is an effect on itself and not necessarily a strict implication that feeling a connection or implication of any kind means that there is actually one.
 *'''[[Effect::Ego replacement]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]''' - While smoking DMT doesn't present this effect with enough consistency, the co-consumption of a MAOI will lead to a prolonged "trip" in which the user can experience common emotions in an intensified fashion, and even if so called negative emotions such as sadness or melancholy can appear during the experience -depending on the set, setting and background context-, it's common for the experience to still be defined as "pleasant" since such emotions often produce [[catharsis]] and can be properly dealt through [[personal bias suppression]].
-*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - On "short DMT trips", this effect differs from MDMA and other [[entactogens]] in that it isn't as central to the experience and it's mostly presented as a part of the afterglow. It can manifest more consistently during "long DMT trips", where it feels more natural and less forced, and is experienced predominantly during the come down or after the experience ended.
+*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This effect differs from MDMA and other [[entactogens]] in that it isn't as central to the experience and it's mainly presented during "long DMT trips" where the user consumed the drug alongside a MAO inhibitor. It feels more natural and less forced, and is experienced predominantly during the come down or after the experience ended.
 *'''[[Effect::Euthymia]]''' - This effect manifests itself acutely for all classical psychedelics when one to three doses are combined with a psychotherapy treatment program. In case of DMT, euthymia has a slightly higher ocurrence when a [[MAOI]] is added to the ingestion. When comparing meta analyses, psychedelic psychotherapy greatly outperforms "gold standard" treatments for several mental health problems.
 *'''[[Effect::Catharsis]]''' - While smoking DMT doesn't provide a long enough experience to process trauma or difficult situations while under the influence of the drug, the co-consumption of a MAOI alongside the non-oral DMT will extend the experience duration and some users that have been going through certain traumatic backgrounds can experience a process of "healing" and "letting go" in a very similar manner to [[ayahuasca]].
 *'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement|Analysis]]''', '''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement|creativity]]''' and '''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement|immersion]]''' enhancements - While smoking DMT can produce these enhancements, these are not as noticeable as with "long DMT trips", given that such experiences will last long enough for the user to get involved in activities where the effects can be much more appreciated. In these situations, these effects are similar to those of [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]] or [[ayahuasca]].
-*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - When applied a "long trip" method, DMT can induce this effect with one of the highest consistencies among psychedelics, being sometimes described as "pure bliss or ecstasy". It's commonly reported that, when the peak starts transitioning into the come down of the experience, feelings of peace, fulfillment and appreciation will become central to the experience. Sometimes and depending on the set and setting, this effect can be accompanied by an [[existential self-realization]] and/or feelings of [[unity and interconnectedness]], which occasionally can lead to the user to a trascendental moment, even if the peak itself of the whole experience has already passed.
+*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - When applied a "long trip" method, DMT can induce this effect with one of the highest consistencies among other psychedelics. It's commonly reported that, when the peak starts transitioning into the come down of the experience, feelings of bliss, fulfillment and appreciation will become central to the experience. Sometimes and depending on the set and setting, this effect can be accompanied by an [[existential self-realization]] and/or feelings of [[unity and interconnectedness]], which occasionally can lead to the user to a trascendental experience, even if the peak itself of the whole experience has already passed.
 *'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]''' - When DMT is smoked or vaporized, this effect typically occurs only at sub-breakthrough doses, and many people prefer to have their DMT experiences in complete silence to prevent a muddled or overwhelming experience. On the other side, when a MAOI is added and DMT is administred rectally, sublingually or intranasally, this effect can become as prominent as with [[LSD]] or [[psilocybin]] and sometimes will be central to the experience, especially during the come down.
+*'''[[Effect::Memory formation enhancement]]''' - Opposite to amnesia, one can recall events of the trip with an increased facility, in comparison to the great majority of other drugs or everyday life. This effect can persist during the following hours or days after the experience.
 *'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
 **'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]''' - Mindfulness tends to occur after the experience has ended and the individual has returned to ordinary waking consciousness, to a sense of presence and sensitivity towards one's inner sensations as well as outer environment. This effect can last significantly longer once the experience has ended if the user went through a "long DMT trip" by using a [[MAOI]] to extend the experience's duration.
 *'''[[Effect::Multiple thought streams]]''' - This effect tends to manifest in a much more chaotic fashion, in tandem with the sensation of cognitive overload.
-*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' - Similarly to [[cognitive euphoria]], novelty enhancement is another signature effect of a "long DMT trip". The user might adopt a "childish enthusiasm" towards their environment, becoming sensitive to elements that in other conditions would be defined as trivial, common or even boring, such as the blue color of the sky, the texture of a blanket or a joke told by someone else.
+*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]''' - With DMT, this effect is percieved as a sensation of mental refreshment. The user becomes sensitive towards elements of the environment that in other conditions would be defined as trivial, common or boring, such as the blue color of the sky, the texture of a blanket or a joke told by someone else.
 *'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Suggestibility enhancement]]'''
@@ Line 177: / Line 170: @@
 *'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]''' and '''[[Effect::Decreased libido|decreased libido]]''' - Despite the fact that both effects are commonly referred as physical effects, "long DMT trips" are capable to leave the user in a status of overall satisfaction and contentment, thus decreasing any urge to eat or take part in sexual activities, even if the user is perfectly capable of doing so in physical terms. This effect, alongside [[mindfulness]] is one of the common effects of the afterglow and it has been reported to last for several days or weeks even.
 *'''[[Effect::Autonomous voice communication]]'''
-*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]''' - During "breakthrough" doses, this effect is prominent due to the intense [[memory suppression]] that can manifest, leading users to have "thoughts that cannot be spoken".
+*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
 *Thought '''[[Effect::Thought acceleration|acceleration]]''', '''[[Effect::Thought connectivity|connectivity]]''' and '''[[Effect::Thought organization|organization]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]''' - When smoking, this particular effect is most prevalent and notable with [[DMT#Progressive stages|"breakthrough" experiences]].<ref name="strassman" />, and only tends to last under fifteen minutes but is commonly reported to subjectively feel as if it had lasted much longer, in some cases "many lifetimes" or even an "eternity". On the other hand, during "long DMT trips", while the user can still experience an "eternal" breakthrough experience, after the peak ends and the user enters the comedown, they can still feel that time is passing slower than usual; this effect is related to other effects like [[analysis enhancement]] and [[immersion enhancement]].
@@ Line 185: / Line 178: @@
 {{effects/transpersonal|
-For a number of individuals these effects are consistently more reproducible and powerful with DMT than they are with other “classical psychedelics” such as [[LSD]] or [[mescaline]], this is most likely due to its very intense effects. These components are unique to DMT in that for a majority of its users they are significantly more likely to manifest during "breakthrough" experiences as opposed to sub-breakthrough level experiences.
+For a number of individuals these effects are consistently more reproducible and powerful with smoked or vaporized DMT than they are with other “classical psychedelics” such as [[LSD]] or [[mescaline]], this is most likely due to its very intense but relatively short-lived effects. These components are unique to DMT in that for a majority of its users they are significantly more likely to manifest during "breakthrough" experiences as opposed to sub-breakthrough level experiences.
 *'''[[Effect::Spirituality enhancement]]'''
@@ Line 197: / Line 190: @@
 }}
 }}
-===Progressive stages of a short-acting DMT experience===
+===Progressive stages===
 When smoked or vaporized at moderate to heavy dosages, the DMT experience consistently manifests itself in a progressive sequence which can be described as follows:
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 '''2. "The Waiting Room"'''
-Almost immediately after a person has inhaled enough DMT to have "broken through", they often find themselves spending a brief amount of time in what is sometimes described as a [[psychedelic]] "waiting room" or "loading screen". The appearance of this space can assume a seemingly infinite variety of forms but generally appears in the shape of an enveloping tunnel comprised of rapidly shifting, interlocking geometry. This lasts approximately 10 to 20 seconds and feels qualitatively different from other stages of the experience.
+Almost immediately after a person has inhaled enough DMT to have "broken through", they often find themselves spending a brief amount of time in what is sometimes described as a [[psychedelic]] "waiting room" or "loading screen." The appearance of this space can assume a seemingly infinite variety of forms but generally appears in the shape of an enveloping tunnel comprised of rapidly shifting, interlocking geometry. This lasts approximately 10 – 20 seconds and feels qualitatively different from other stages of the experience.
 '''3. "The Other Side"'''
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 The final stage is experienced as the sensation of being pulled further and further away from the scenario until it is no longer visible and one finds themselves back in reality. This is typically accompanied by level 3 - 4 [[geometry]] as well as a sense of general exhilaration and awe. The moderate to mild [[geometry]] stays for a further 10 – 15 minutes before disappearing completely, sometimes leaving a noticeable "body high" that lingers for up to an hour.
-=== Progressive stages of a long-acting DMT experience ===
-"Long DMT trips" are reported to be at least twice as long as "short DMT trips" and have particular effects that oftenly don't take place when the drug is smoked in the absence of a MAOI. A "long DMT trip" can be described as a four phase experience, with a come up, a peak divided in two parts and a come down:
-'''1. Come up'''
-Depending on the route of administration, the come up phase can last about 5 to 20 minutes. Since for this methodology the DMT is commonly prepared in the form of acetate (which can extend the onset duration to several minutes) and administrated rectally, nasally or sublingually, the user is not "busy" trying to vaporize crystals or manipulating a syringe while the effects are "wearing on", meaning that they can be in a state of relaxation through all the come up. Given that this phase is longer than during a "short DMT trip", it doesn't present the same distress and can be dealt with proper calm and better focus. It can still, though, provoke [[anxiety]] and give the classical delusion of dying. The first effect that is usually noticed -and that "marks" the beginning of the experience- is a tingling sensation which is perceived as located in the brain. Other common effects are [[Multiple thought streams|multiple thought streams]] and [[Memory suppression|memory suppression]].
-'''2. "The longer breakthrough"'''
-The rectal, sublingual and intranasal routes of administration are all capable of producing breakthroughs, which can be very intense and are usually at least 30 minutes long and can last up to 2 hours, depending on the dosages (quantity and presentation). A route of administration such as intranasal has a fast onset and come up and, during the first 15 minutes of the peak, can provide a very similar experience than smoked DMT if a high dose is used. Slower ROAs, such as rectally or sublingually, tend to give so called "ayahuasca breakthroughs" but usually shorter and with less body load, as well as a higher intensity and clean headspace. Nonetheless, given that all "long DMT trip" methodologies are proficient in inducing "longer breakthroughs", it can become draining for the user to be in an extended period of time in such an altered state of consciousness; users prefer to use sub-breakthrough doses to have experiences of still a high intensity but in less degree than that of a typical "breakthrough". The "long DMT trip breakthrough" can present both smoked DMT and ayahuasca typical geometry, alongside [[Conceptual thinking|conceptual thinking]], [[Time distortion|time distortion]], and sometimes [[Unity and interconnectedness|unity and interconnectedness]], [[Ego death|ego death]] or a [[Near-death experience|near-death experience]].
-'''3. "Coming back"'''
-If the user has experienced a breakthrough, a second part in the peak can be present as a short period of time (usually lasting from 20 to 60 minutes) in which the user is still experiencing some "breakthrough" effects but also being in a roughly "normal awareness". Common tasks are difficult to perform since the effects taking place are still too distracting and the user feels [[Sedation|sedated]], but walking around and talking with people is already doable without experiencing a noticeable [[amnesia]]. This part is more of a transition between the "breakthrough" and the come down.
-'''4. Come down'''
-Despite DMT is known due to the reports of trascendental breakthroughs, users that try the "long DMT trip" method frequently find the come down phase to be the most pleasant part of the experience. It's also the longest part of the experience, usually lasting up to 4 hours. This type of DMT experience is unique due to the fact that people are totally still under the effects of DMT but without going through a breakthrough, meaning that now they can interact with the world and get involved in activites in a very particular state of mind, frequently stronger than that of [[Psilocybin mushrooms|psilocybin]]. The most prominent effects of this phase are [[Cognitive euphoria|cognitive euphoria]], [[Empathy, affection and sociability enhancement|social enhancement]] and [[Increased music appreciation|increased music appreciation]]. Other common effects are [[rejuvenation]] and [[Novelty enhancement|novelty enhancement]], and also [[Analysis enhancement|analysis]], [[Creativity enhancement|creativity]] and [[Immersion intensification|immersion]] enhancements.
 ===Experience reports===