Grayanotoxin: Difference between revisions

Line 33:

*'''[[Effect::[[Sedation]]]]'''

*'''[[Effect::[[Muscle relaxation]]]] <ref>Ohgaki T, Meguri H, Ogita K, Yoneda Y. Tetrodotoxin-insensitive central depression by grayanotoxin-III in mice. Brain Res. 1987 Nov 10;425(2):364-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90521-x. PMID: 2448007.</ref>'''

*'''[[Effect::[[Mouth numbing]]]] <ref>Shrestha TM, Nepal G, Shing YK, Shrestha L. Cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological phenomena seen in mad honey disease: A clinical case report. Clin Case Rep. 2018 Oct 22;6(12):2355-2357. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1889. PMID: 30564328; PMCID: PMC6293183.</ref>''' - This effect occurs along with paresthesia, or a tingling sensation, especially in the extremities.

*'''[[Effect::[[Mouth numbing]]]] <ref>Shrestha TM, Nepal G, Shing YK, Shrestha L. Cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological phenomena seen in mad honey disease: A clinical case report. Clin Case Rep. 2018 Oct 22;6(12):2355-

2357. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1889. PMID: 30564328; PMCID: PMC6293183.</ref>''' - This effect occurs along with paresthesia, or a tingling sensation, especially in the extremities.

*'''[[Effect::[[Physical euphoria]]]]''' - This effect manifests as a warm tingling sensation, particularly in the face and extremities, along with a sense of bodily numbness.

*'''[[Effect::[[Physical fatigue]]]]

*'''[[Effect::[[Decreased heart rate]]]]''' - This effect is dose-dependent, potentially fatal, and occurs along with decreased blood pressure <ref name=":0">Gunduz A, Turedi S, Russell RM, Ayaz FA. Clinical review of grayanotoxin/mad honey poisoning past and present. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008 Jun;46(5):437-42. doi: 10.1080/15563650701666306. PMID: 18568799.</ref>.

*'''[[Effect::[[Decreased blood pressure]]]]'''

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 *'''[[Effect::[[Sedation]]]]'''
 *'''[[Effect::[[Muscle relaxation]]]] <ref>Ohgaki T, Meguri H, Ogita K, Yoneda Y. Tetrodotoxin-insensitive central depression by grayanotoxin-III in mice. Brain Res. 1987 Nov 10;425(2):364-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90521-x. PMID: 2448007.</ref>'''
-*'''[[Effect::[[Mouth numbing]]]] <ref>Shrestha TM, Nepal G, Shing YK, Shrestha L. Cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological phenomena seen in mad honey disease: A clinical case report. Clin Case Rep. 2018 Oct 22;6(12):2355-2357. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1889. PMID: 30564328; PMCID: PMC6293183.</ref>'''  - This effect occurs along with paresthesia, or a tingling sensation, especially in the extremities.
+*'''[[Effect::[[Mouth numbing]]]] <ref>Shrestha TM, Nepal G, Shing YK, Shrestha L. Cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological phenomena seen in mad honey disease: A clinical case report. Clin Case Rep. 2018 Oct 22;6(12):2355-
+. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.1889. PMID: 30564328; PMCID: PMC6293183.</ref>'''  - This effect occurs along with paresthesia, or a tingling sensation, especially in the extremities.
+*'''[[Effect::[[Physical euphoria]]]]''' - This effect manifests as a warm tingling sensation, particularly in the face and extremities, along with a sense of bodily numbness.
+*'''[[Effect::[[Physical fatigue]]]]
 *'''[[Effect::[[Decreased heart rate]]]]''' - This effect is dose-dependent, potentially fatal, and occurs along with decreased blood pressure <ref name=":0">Gunduz A, Turedi S, Russell RM, Ayaz FA. Clinical review of grayanotoxin/mad honey poisoning past and present. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008 Jun;46(5):437-42. doi: 10.1080/15563650701666306. PMID: 18568799.</ref>.
 *'''[[Effect::[[Decreased blood pressure]]]]'''