Harmala alkaloid: Difference between revisions

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Harmala alkaloids are classed as [[MAOIs]]. This means that they inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase metabolic enzymes, of which two varieties exist: MAO-A and MAO-B. The [[alkaloids]] bind reversibly to the active site of the enzyme, inhibiting its endogenous function of destroying amine functions of [[neurotransmitters]] and externally administered centrally active drugs. This has the effect of potentiating and prolonging the central and peripheral activity of both neurotransmitters and a variety of drugs. They are reversible [[MAOIs]] of the MAO-A isoform of the enzyme, and can stimulate the central nervous system by inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine.

Harmala alkaloids are selective for MAO-A at reasonable doses and bind to the enzyme temporarily, so they are classed as a [[RIMA|reversible inhibitor of monoamine-A]] ([[RIMA]]). At higher doses, they also affect the MAO-B enzyme. Because of the reversible selectivity for MAO-A, harmala alkaloids are considered to be less dangerous when combined with food ~~containg~~ [[tyramine]] and other substances with monoamine moieties which are reliant on monoamine oxidase for decomposition.

Harmala alkaloids are selective for MAO-A at reasonable doses and bind to the enzyme temporarily, so they are classed as a [[RIMA|reversible inhibitor of monoamine-A]] ([[RIMA]]). At higher doses, they also affect the MAO-B enzyme. Because of the reversible selectivity for MAO-A, harmala alkaloids are considered to be less dangerous when combined with food containing [[tyramine]] and other substances with monoamine moieties which are reliant on monoamine oxidase for decomposition.

However, it is important to understand that this does not imply that harmala alkaloids will not cause neurotoxicity. Harmala alkaloids temporarily disable the brain's primary mechanism for breaking down [[neurotransmitters]] and drugs which can have negative consequences as material builds up in the [[synapses]], leading to a huge range of downstream central and peripheral effects including [[sedation]], [[stimulation]], [[anxiety]], [[cognitive dysphoria]], [[Physical euphoria|euphoria]], [[headaches]], [[eye strain]], and [[muscle convulsions]]. The harmala alkaloids are not especially [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]], even at higher dosages, when hypnagogic visions, alongside [[vomiting]] and [[diarrhea]], become the main effect.

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 Harmala alkaloids are classed as [[MAOIs]]. This means that they inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase metabolic enzymes, of which two varieties exist: MAO-A and MAO-B. The [[alkaloids]] bind reversibly to the active site of the enzyme, inhibiting its endogenous function of destroying amine functions of [[neurotransmitters]] and externally administered centrally active drugs. This has the effect of potentiating and prolonging the central and peripheral activity of both neurotransmitters and a variety of drugs. They are reversible [[MAOIs]] of the MAO-A isoform of the enzyme, and can stimulate the central nervous system by inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine.
-Harmala alkaloids are selective for MAO-A at reasonable doses and bind to the enzyme temporarily, so they are classed as a [[RIMA|reversible inhibitor of monoamine-A]] ([[RIMA]]). At higher doses, they also affect the MAO-B enzyme. Because of the reversible selectivity for MAO-A, harmala alkaloids are considered to be less dangerous when combined with food containg [[tyramine]] and other substances with monoamine moieties which are reliant on monoamine oxidase for decomposition.
+Harmala alkaloids are selective for MAO-A at reasonable doses and bind to the enzyme temporarily, so they are classed as a [[RIMA|reversible inhibitor of monoamine-A]] ([[RIMA]]). At higher doses, they also affect the MAO-B enzyme. Because of the reversible selectivity for MAO-A, harmala alkaloids are considered to be less dangerous when combined with food containing [[tyramine]] and other substances with monoamine moieties which are reliant on monoamine oxidase for decomposition.
 However, it is important to understand that this does not imply that harmala alkaloids will not cause neurotoxicity. Harmala alkaloids temporarily disable the brain's primary mechanism for breaking down [[neurotransmitters]] and drugs which can have negative consequences as material builds up in the [[synapses]], leading to a huge range of downstream central and peripheral effects including [[sedation]], [[stimulation]], [[anxiety]], [[cognitive dysphoria]], [[Physical euphoria|euphoria]], [[headaches]], [[eye strain]], and [[muscle convulsions]]. The harmala alkaloids are not especially [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]], even at higher dosages, when hypnagogic visions, alongside [[vomiting]] and [[diarrhea]], become the main effect.