MAOI: Difference between revisions - PsychonautWiki Archive

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Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) generally metabolizes tyramine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) (and other less clinically relevant chemicals). In contrast, monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) mainly metabolizes dopamine (DA) (and other less clinically relevant chemicals).

~~===Tyramine===~~

Tyramine is physiologically metabolized by monamine oxidases (primarily MAO-A), FMO3, PNMI, DBH and CYP2D6.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jomip/article/view/213795</ref><ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736764/</ref> Tyramine and dopamine are metabolized by both MAO-A and MAO-B. It has been established that hypertensive crises are a consequence of MAO-A inhibition (Youdim et al. 1988; Laux et al. 1995).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10063483/</ref> However, eating foods rich in tyramine while taking high doses of MAO-B inhibitors can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.<ref>https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/mao-b-inhibitors-rasagiline-selegiline-safinamide</ref>

===Reversibility===

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===Tyramine===

Tyramine is physiologically metabolized by monamine oxidases (primarily MAO-A), FMO3, PNMI, DBH and CYP2D6.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jomip/article/view/213795</ref><ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736764/</ref> Tyramine and dopamine are metabolized by both MAO-A and MAO-B. It has been established that hypertensive crises are a consequence of MAO-A inhibition (Youdim et al. 1988; Laux et al. 1995).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10063483/</ref> However, eating foods rich in tyramine while taking high doses of MAO-B inhibitors can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.<ref>https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/mao-b-inhibitors-rasagiline-selegiline-safinamide</ref>

Tyramine causes hypertensive crises after MAO inhibition aka the "cheese effect" or "cheese crisis". Using a MAO inhibitor (MAOI), the intake of approximately 10 to 25 mg of tyramine is required for a severe reaction compared to 6 to 10 mg for a mild reaction.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sathyanarayana Rao, T. S.)), ((Yeragani, V. K.)) | journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry | title=Hypertensive crisis and cheese | volume=51 | issue=1 | pages=65–66 | date= 2009 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738414/ | issn=0019-5545 | doi=10.4103/0019-5545.44910}}</ref> Tyramine rich food should also be avoided by people prone to headache and migraine.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) generally metabolizes tyramine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) (and other less clinically relevant chemicals). In contrast, monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) mainly metabolizes dopamine (DA) (and other less clinically relevant chemicals).
-===Tyramine===
-Tyramine is physiologically metabolized by monamine oxidases (primarily MAO-A), FMO3, PNMI, DBH and CYP2D6.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jomip/article/view/213795</ref><ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736764/</ref> Tyramine and dopamine are metabolized by both MAO-A and MAO-B. It has been established that hypertensive crises are a consequence of MAO-A inhibition (Youdim et al. 1988; Laux et al. 1995).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10063483/</ref> However, eating foods rich in tyramine while taking high doses of MAO-B inhibitors can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.<ref>https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/mao-b-inhibitors-rasagiline-selegiline-safinamide</ref>
 ===Reversibility===
@@ Line 249: / Line 246: @@
 ===Tyramine===
+Tyramine is physiologically metabolized by monamine oxidases (primarily MAO-A), FMO3, PNMI, DBH and CYP2D6.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jomip/article/view/213795</ref><ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736764/</ref> Tyramine and dopamine are metabolized by both MAO-A and MAO-B. It has been established that hypertensive crises are a consequence of MAO-A inhibition (Youdim et al. 1988; Laux et al. 1995).<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10063483/</ref> However, eating foods rich in tyramine while taking high doses of MAO-B inhibitors can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure.<ref>https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/mao-b-inhibitors-rasagiline-selegiline-safinamide</ref>
 Tyramine causes hypertensive crises after MAO inhibition aka the "cheese effect" or "cheese crisis". Using a MAO inhibitor (MAOI), the intake of approximately 10 to 25 mg of tyramine is required for a severe reaction compared to 6 to 10 mg for a mild reaction.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Sathyanarayana Rao, T. S.)), ((Yeragani, V. K.)) | journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry | title=Hypertensive crisis and cheese | volume=51 | issue=1 | pages=65–66 | date= 2009 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738414/ | issn=0019-5545 | doi=10.4103/0019-5545.44910}}</ref> Tyramine rich food should also be avoided by people prone to headache and migraine.