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Harmala alkaloid: Difference between revisions
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Since [[DMT]] is broken down by monoamine oxidase A, inhibition of this enzyme allows for the oral activation of DMT and prolongs the experience for the duration of the harmala alkaloid effects. In combination, harmala alkaloids and DMT are known as [[ayahuasca]]. | Since [[DMT]] is broken down by monoamine oxidase A, inhibition of this enzyme allows for the oral activation of DMT and prolongs the experience for the duration of the harmala alkaloid effects. In combination, harmala alkaloids and DMT are known as [[ayahuasca]]. | ||
Harmala alkaloids, along with other [[beta-carbolines]], also function as [[GABA-A]] [[receptor]] (benzodiazepine site) inverse [[agonists]], likely contributing to their [[anxiety|anxiogenic]] and convulsant effects.<ref>From the behavioral pharmacology of beta-carbolines to seizures, anxiety, and memory. | Harmala alkaloids, along with other [[beta-carbolines]], also function as [[GABA-A]] [[receptor]] (benzodiazepine site) inverse [[agonists]], likely contributing to their [[anxiety|anxiogenic]] and convulsant effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Venault, P.)), ((Chapouthier, G.)) | journal=TheScientificWorldJournal | title=From the behavioral pharmacology of beta-carbolines to seizures, anxiety, and memory | volume=7 | pages=204–223 | date=19 February 2007 | issn=1537-744X | doi=10.1100/tsw.2007.48}}</ref> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
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[[Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]s (AChEIs) combined with [[cholinergic]] substances can result in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis cholinergic crisis]. | [[Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]s (AChEIs) combined with [[cholinergic]] substances can result in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis cholinergic crisis]. | ||
Banisteriopsis caapi and ''[[Peganum harmala]]'' contain harmaline and harmine. Both alkaloids are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs).<ref name="Pubmed-19784581"> | Banisteriopsis caapi and ''[[Peganum harmala]]'' contain harmaline and harmine. Both alkaloids are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs).<ref name="Pubmed-19784581">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Zheng, X.)), ((Zhang, Z.)), ((Chou, G.)), ((Wu, T.)), ((Cheng, X.)), ((Wang, C.)), ((Wang, Z.)) | journal=Archives of Pharmacal Research | title=Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay | volume=32 | issue=9 | pages=1245–1251 | date= September 2009 | issn=0253-6269 | doi=10.1007/s12272-009-1910-x}}</ref> | ||
===Lethal dosage=== | ===Lethal dosage=== | ||