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Seizure: Difference between revisions
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<onlyinclude>[[File:Spike-waves.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG during a seizure]] | <onlyinclude>[[File:Spike-waves.png|250px|thumbnail|right|Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG during a seizure]] | ||
An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') can be described as a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms which are due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref>Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) | An '''epileptic seizure''' (colloquially a '''fit''') can be described as a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms which are due to abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.<ref name="Fisher2005">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Emde Boas, W. van)), ((Blume, W.)), ((Elger, C.)), ((Genton, P.)), ((Lee, P.)), ((Engel, J.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) | volume=46 | issue=4 | pages=470–472 | date= April 2005 | issn=0013-9580 | doi=10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x}}</ref> The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness (absence seizure). | ||
The following list contains a more comprehensive set of symptoms: | The following list contains a more comprehensive set of symptoms: | ||
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*Losing control of bladder or bowel function. | *Losing control of bladder or bowel function. | ||
The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is known as epilepsy,<ref> | The disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures is known as epilepsy,<ref name="Fisher2005"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Fisher, R. S.)), ((Acevedo, C.)), ((Arzimanoglou, A.)), ((Bogacz, A.)), ((Cross, J. H.)), ((Elger, C. E.)), ((Engel, J.)), ((Forsgren, L.)), ((French, J. A.)), ((Glynn, M.)), ((Hesdorffer, D. C.)), ((Lee, B. I.)), ((Mathern, G. W.)), ((Moshé, S. L.)), ((Perucca, E.)), ((Scheffer, I. E.)), ((Tomson, T.)), ((Watanabe, M.)), ((Wiebe, S.)) | journal=Epilepsia | title=ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy | volume=55 | issue=4 | pages=475–482 | date= April 2014 | issn=1528-1167 | doi=10.1111/epi.12550}}</ref> but seizures can also occur in people who do not have epilepsy. Depending on the cause, epilepsy is generally treated with [[seizure suppression|anticonvulsant]] drugs such as [[diazepam]] and [[pregabalin]]. | ||
Seizures are most commonly induced under the influence of [[Substance withdrawal|withdrawals]] from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] or [[alcohol]] usage. However they can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], certain [[opioid|opioids]], [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]], and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic|psychedelics]].</onlyinclude> | Seizures are most commonly induced under the influence of [[Substance withdrawal|withdrawals]] from prolonged chronic [[benzodiazepine]] or [[alcohol]] usage. However they can also occur under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[stimulant|stimulants]], certain [[opioid|opioids]], [[Synthetic cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]], and the [[25x-NBOMe]] series of [[psychedelic|psychedelics]].</onlyinclude> | ||