Anxiety: Difference between revisions - PsychonautWiki Archive

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'''Anxiety''' is medically recognized as the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=189-190|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Anxiety">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety or fear-related disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1336943699 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[panic attack|panic attacks]] or [[feelings of impending doom]]. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as [[effect::stimulation]], restlessness, [[Focus suppression|difficulty concentrating]], [[effect::irritability]], and [[Muscle tension|muscular tension]].<ref name="DSM5AnxietyDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=818|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05}}</ref> Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an intensification of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.

'''Anxiety''' is medically recognized as the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=189-190|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Anxiety">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety or fear-related disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1336943699 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[panic attack|panic attacks]] or [[feelings of impending doom]]. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as [[effect::stimulation]], restlessness, [[Focus suppression|difficulty concentrating]], [[effect::irritability]], and [[Muscle tension|muscular tension]].<ref name="DSM5AnxietyDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=818|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05}}</ref> Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an intensification of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations. The focus of anticipated danger can be internally or externally derived.

Anxiety is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depression]] and [[irritability]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]],<ref name="CrippaZuardi2009">{{cite journal|last1=Crippa|first1=José Alexandre|last2=Zuardi|first2=Antonio Waldo|last3=Martín-Santos|first3=Rocio|last4=Bhattacharyya|first4=Sagnik|last5=Atakan|first5=Zerrin|last6=McGuire|first6=Philip|last7=Fusar-Poli|first7=Paolo|title=Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence|journal=Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental|volume=24|issue=7|year=2009|pages=515–523|issn=08856222|doi=10.1002/hup.1048}}</ref> [[psychedelics]],<ref name="WolbachMiner1962">{{cite journal|last1=Wolbach|first1=A. B.|last2=Miner|first2=E. J.|last3=Isbell|first3=Harris|title=Comparison of psilocin with psilocybin, mescaline and LSD-25|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=3|issue=3|year=1962|pages=219–223|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00412109}}</ref> [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]].<ref>Datura effects (Erowid) | https://erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_effects.shtml</ref> However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Rebound anxiety in anxious patients after abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepine treatment|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=141|issue=7|year=1984|pages=848–852|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.141.7.848}}</ref> and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.<ref name="Williamson1997">{{cite journal|last1=Williamson|first1=S|title=Adverse effects of stimulant drugs in a community sample of drug users|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=44|issue=2-3|year=1997|pages=87–94|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(96)01324-5}}</ref></onlyinclude>

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-'''Anxiety''' is medically recognized as the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=189-190|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Anxiety">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety or fear-related disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1336943699 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[panic attack|panic attacks]] or [[feelings of impending doom]]. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as [[effect::stimulation]], restlessness, [[Focus suppression|difficulty concentrating]], [[effect::irritability]], and [[Muscle tension|muscular tension]].<ref name="DSM5AnxietyDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=818|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05}}</ref> Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an intensification of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.
+'''Anxiety''' is medically recognized as the experience of negative feelings of apprehension, worry, and general unease.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryAnxiety">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=189-190|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ICD-11-Anxiety">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety or fear-related disorders|journal=International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)|year=2022|url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1336943699 | access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref> These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger [[panic attack|panic attacks]] or [[feelings of impending doom]]. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as [[effect::stimulation]], restlessness, [[Focus suppression|difficulty concentrating]], [[effect::irritability]], and [[Muscle tension|muscular tension]].<ref name="DSM5AnxietyDisorders">{{cite journal|title=Anxiety Disorders|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=818|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05}}</ref> Psychoactive substance-induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or its intensity, as an intensification of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations. The focus of anticipated danger can be internally or externally derived.
 Anxiety is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depression]] and [[irritability]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]],<ref name="CrippaZuardi2009">{{cite journal|last1=Crippa|first1=José Alexandre|last2=Zuardi|first2=Antonio Waldo|last3=Martín-Santos|first3=Rocio|last4=Bhattacharyya|first4=Sagnik|last5=Atakan|first5=Zerrin|last6=McGuire|first6=Philip|last7=Fusar-Poli|first7=Paolo|title=Cannabis and anxiety: a critical review of the evidence|journal=Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental|volume=24|issue=7|year=2009|pages=515–523|issn=08856222|doi=10.1002/hup.1048}}</ref> [[psychedelics]],<ref name="WolbachMiner1962">{{cite journal|last1=Wolbach|first1=A. B.|last2=Miner|first2=E. J.|last3=Isbell|first3=Harris|title=Comparison of psilocin with psilocybin, mescaline and LSD-25|journal=Psychopharmacologia|volume=3|issue=3|year=1962|pages=219–223|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/BF00412109}}</ref> [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]].<ref>Datura effects (Erowid) | https://erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_effects.shtml</ref> However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Rebound anxiety in anxious patients after abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepine treatment|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=141|issue=7|year=1984|pages=848–852|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.141.7.848}}</ref> and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.<ref name="Williamson1997">{{cite journal|last1=Williamson|first1=S|title=Adverse effects of stimulant drugs in a community sample of drug users|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=44|issue=2-3|year=1997|pages=87–94|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(96)01324-5}}</ref></onlyinclude>