Psychedelic: Difference between revisions

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Various studies have shown that, in reasonable doses in a sufficiently [[Set and setting|prepared context]], they are unlikely to present negative physical, cognitive, psychiatric or other toxic consequences. There is no evidence that classical psychedelics cause damage to any human body organ.<ref>Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002</ref>

However it should be noted that some exceptions exist, such as some members of the [[25x-NBOMe]], [[2C-T-x]], [[DOx]] and 5-MeO series. Some substances of the [[Nbome|NBOMe]] family, particularly [[25I-NBOMe]], have been associated with fatal overdoses.<ref>Walterscheid, J. P., Phillips, G. T., Lopez, A. E., Gonsoulin, M. L., Chen, H. H., & Sanchez, L. A. (2014). Pathological findings in 2 cases of fatal 25I-NBOMe toxicity. ''The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology'', ''35''(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000082</ref><ref>Kueppers, V. B., & Cooke, C. T. (2015). 25I-NBOMe related death in Australia: a case report. ''Forensic science international'', ''249'', e15-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.010</ref><ref>Shanks, K. G., Sozio, T., & Behonick, G. S. (2015). Fatal intoxications with 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in Indiana during 2014. ''Journal of analytical toxicology'', ''39''(8), 602-606. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv058</ref>

However, it should be noted that some exceptions exist, such as some members of the [[25x-NBOMe]], [[2C-T-x]], [[DOx]] and 5-MeO series. Some substances of the [[Nbome|NBOMe]] family, particularly [[25I-NBOMe]], have been associated with fatal overdoses.<ref>Walterscheid, J. P., Phillips, G. T., Lopez, A. E., Gonsoulin, M. L., Chen, H. H., & Sanchez, L. A. (2014). Pathological findings in 2 cases of fatal 25I-NBOMe toxicity. ''The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology'', ''35''(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000082</ref><ref>Kueppers, V. B., & Cooke, C. T. (2015). 25I-NBOMe related death in Australia: a case report. ''Forensic science international'', ''249'', e15-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.010</ref><ref>Shanks, K. G., Sozio, T., & Behonick, G. S. (2015). Fatal intoxications with 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in Indiana during 2014. ''Journal of analytical toxicology'', ''39''(8), 602-606. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv058</ref>

However, while psychedelics ~~may~~ not be capable of causing direct bodily harm or death, ~~they~~ can still have serious negative consequences. For example, they are capable of impairing the judgment and attention of ~~users~~ which may cause erratic or high-risk behaviors. In extreme cases, ~~users~~ may fall under the [[delusion]] that they are a character in a dream or physically invincible which may cause them to jump off of a building or run into a busy road.<ref name="Nichols2016"></ref>

However, while psychedelics are generally not capable of causing direct bodily harm or death, their use can still have serious negative consequences. For example, they are capable of impairing the judgment and attention of the user which may cause erratic or high-risk behaviors. In extreme cases, the user may fall under the [[delusion]] that they are a character in a dream or physically invincible which may cause them to jump off of a building or run into a busy road.<ref name="Nichols2016"></ref>

Additionally, intense negative experiences and psychotic episodes ([[bad trips|"bad trips"]]) can cause psychological trauma if not properly managed or treated. This is particularly a concern in non-[[trip sitter|supervised settings]] or when heavy doses are used.

@@ Line 557: / Line 557: @@
 Various studies have shown that, in reasonable doses in a sufficiently [[Set and setting|prepared context]], they are unlikely to present negative physical, cognitive, psychiatric or other toxic consequences. There is no evidence that classical psychedelics cause damage to any human body organ.<ref>Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002</ref>
-However it should be noted that some exceptions exist, such as some members of the [[25x-NBOMe]], [[2C-T-x]], [[DOx]] and 5-MeO series. Some substances of the [[Nbome|NBOMe]] family, particularly [[25I-NBOMe]], have been associated with fatal overdoses.<ref>Walterscheid, J. P., Phillips, G. T., Lopez, A. E., Gonsoulin, M. L., Chen, H. H., & Sanchez, L. A. (2014). Pathological findings in 2 cases of fatal 25I-NBOMe toxicity. ''The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology'', ''35''(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000082</ref><ref>Kueppers, V. B., & Cooke, C. T. (2015). 25I-NBOMe related death in Australia: a case report. ''Forensic science international'', ''249'', e15-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.010</ref><ref>Shanks, K. G., Sozio, T., & Behonick, G. S. (2015). Fatal intoxications with 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in Indiana during 2014. ''Journal of analytical toxicology'', ''39''(8), 602-606. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv058</ref>
+However, it should be noted that some exceptions exist, such as some members of the [[25x-NBOMe]], [[2C-T-x]], [[DOx]] and 5-MeO series. Some substances of the [[Nbome|NBOMe]] family, particularly [[25I-NBOMe]], have been associated with fatal overdoses.<ref>Walterscheid, J. P., Phillips, G. T., Lopez, A. E., Gonsoulin, M. L., Chen, H. H., & Sanchez, L. A. (2014). Pathological findings in 2 cases of fatal 25I-NBOMe toxicity. ''The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology'', ''35''(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000082</ref><ref>Kueppers, V. B., & Cooke, C. T. (2015). 25I-NBOMe related death in Australia: a case report. ''Forensic science international'', ''249'', e15-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.010</ref><ref>Shanks, K. G., Sozio, T., & Behonick, G. S. (2015). Fatal intoxications with 25B-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe in Indiana during 2014. ''Journal of analytical toxicology'', ''39''(8), 602-606. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv058</ref>
-However, while psychedelics may not be capable of causing direct bodily harm or death, they can still have serious negative consequences. For example, they are capable of impairing the judgment and attention of users which may cause erratic or high-risk behaviors. In extreme cases, users may fall under the [[delusion]] that they are a character in a dream or physically invincible which may cause them to jump off of a building or run into a busy road.<ref name="Nichols2016"></ref>
+However, while psychedelics are generally not capable of causing direct bodily harm or death, their use can still have serious negative consequences. For example, they are capable of impairing the judgment and attention of the user which may cause erratic or high-risk behaviors. In extreme cases, the user may fall under the [[delusion]] that they are a character in a dream or physically invincible which may cause them to jump off of a building or run into a busy road.<ref name="Nichols2016"></ref>
 Additionally, intense negative experiences and psychotic episodes ([[bad trips|"bad trips"]]) can cause psychological trauma if not properly managed or treated. This is particularly a concern in non-[[trip sitter|supervised settings]] or when heavy doses are used.