Anadenanthera peregrina: Difference between revisions

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===Use with [[MAOIs]]===

Some South American tribes have been documented to use various bean preparations along with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', an herb containing [[MAOIs]].<ref name="Torres /> Typically ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' is chewed in the mouth while the Anadenanthera beans are snuffed or smoked.<ref name="Torres" /> Occasionally Banisteriopsis caapi is found mixed in with the snuff.<ref name="Torres" /> Moderate amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' have been reported to effectively double the potency of the Anadenanthera beans. Larger amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' will not only double the potency of Anadenanthera beans but also alter the quality of the experience, producing a more relaxed dreamy effect, with possible increased nausea.

Some South American tribes have been documented to use various bean preparations along with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', an herb containing [[MAOIs]].<ref name="Torres" /> Typically ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' is chewed in the mouth while the Anadenanthera beans are snuffed or smoked.<ref name="Torres" /> Occasionally Banisteriopsis caapi is found mixed in with the snuff.<ref name="Torres" /> Moderate amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' have been reported to effectively double the potency of the Anadenanthera beans. Larger amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' will not only double the potency of Anadenanthera beans but also alter the quality of the experience, producing a more relaxed dreamy effect, with possible increased nausea.

==Psychoactive components==

===Bufotenin===

The beans have been found to contain up to 7.4% bufotenin.<ref name="Ott"> Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine by Jonathan Ott, The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, September 2001</ref> At up to 7.4% (74 mg per gram) bufotenin, an effective 40 mg dose of insufflated bufotenin<ref name="Ott" /> requires little more than 0.5 grams of beans.

The beans have been found to contain up to 7.4% [[bufotenin]].<ref name="Ott"> Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine by Jonathan Ott, The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, September 2001</ref> At up to 7.4% (74 mg per gram) bufotenin, an effective 40 mg dose of [[Routes of administration|insufflated]] bufotenin<ref name="Ott" /> requires little more than 0.5 grams of beans.

===[[DMT]] and [[5-MeO-DMT]]===

The effects of insufflated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are relatively short acting. The experience lasts about 10 minutes but can take an hour to get back to baseline, while the effects of ~~insufflated~~ yopo typically last 2–3 hours. Of the three main compounds present, only ~~insufflated~~ [[bufotenin]] lasts 2–3 hours. The beans have been found to contain up to only 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.16% DMT.<ref name="Ott" /> This suggests that they play only a minor role (if any) in the experience, as psychoactive levels of either substance would require an impractical amount of beans to be used.

The effects of [[Routes of administration|insufflated]] DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are relatively short acting. The experience lasts about 10 minutes but can take an hour to get back to baseline, while the effects of [[Routes of administration|oral]] use yopo typically last 2–3 hours. Of the three main compounds present, only [[Routes of administration|oral]] use [[bufotenin]] lasts 2–3 hours. The beans have been found to contain up to only 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.16% DMT.<ref name="Ott" /> This suggests that they play only a minor role (if any) in the experience, as psychoactive levels of either substance would require an impractical amount of beans to be used.

For this reason, the effects of yopo are primarily attributed to the hallucinogenic properties of [[bufotenin]] ('''5-HO-DMT''').

==External links==

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadenanthera_peregrina ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' (Wikipedia)]

*[https://erowid.org/plants/anadenanthera/anadenanthera.shtml ''Anadenanthera'' spp. (Erowid)]

==References==

[[Category:Fabaceae (family)]]

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ===Use with [[MAOIs]]===
-Some South American tribes have been documented to use various bean preparations along with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', an herb containing [[MAOIs]].<ref name="Torres /> Typically ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' is chewed in the mouth while the Anadenanthera beans are snuffed or smoked.<ref name="Torres" /> Occasionally Banisteriopsis caapi is found mixed in with the snuff.<ref name="Torres" /> Moderate amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' have been reported to effectively double the potency of the Anadenanthera beans. Larger amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' will not only double the potency of Anadenanthera beans but also alter the quality of the experience, producing a more relaxed dreamy effect, with possible increased nausea.
+Some South American tribes have been documented to use various bean preparations along with ''Banisteriopsis caapi'', an herb containing [[MAOIs]].<ref name="Torres" /> Typically ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' is chewed in the mouth while the Anadenanthera beans are snuffed or smoked.<ref name="Torres" /> Occasionally Banisteriopsis caapi is found mixed in with the snuff.<ref name="Torres" /> Moderate amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' have been reported to effectively double the potency of the Anadenanthera beans. Larger amounts of ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' will not only double the potency of Anadenanthera beans but also alter the quality of the experience, producing a more relaxed dreamy effect, with possible increased nausea.
 ==Psychoactive components==
 ===Bufotenin===
-The beans have been found to contain up to 7.4% bufotenin.<ref name="Ott"> Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine by Jonathan Ott, The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, September 2001</ref> At up to 7.4% (74 mg per gram) bufotenin, an effective 40 mg dose of insufflated bufotenin<ref name="Ott" /> requires little more than 0.5 grams of beans.
+The beans have been found to contain up to 7.4% [[bufotenin]].<ref name="Ott"> Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine by Jonathan Ott, The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, September 2001</ref> At up to 7.4% (74 mg per gram) bufotenin, an effective 40 mg dose of [[Routes of administration|insufflated]] bufotenin<ref name="Ott" /> requires little more than 0.5 grams of beans.
 ===[[DMT]] and [[5-MeO-DMT]]===
-The effects of insufflated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are relatively short acting. The experience lasts about 10 minutes but can take an hour to get back to baseline, while the effects of insufflated yopo typically last 2–3 hours. Of the three main compounds present, only insufflated [[bufotenin]] lasts 2–3 hours. The beans have been found to contain up to only 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.16% DMT.<ref name="Ott" /> This suggests that they play only a minor role (if any) in the experience, as psychoactive levels of either substance would require an impractical amount of beans to be used.
+The effects of [[Routes of administration|insufflated]] DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are relatively short acting. The experience lasts about 10 minutes but can take an hour to get back to baseline, while the effects of [[Routes of administration|oral]] use yopo typically last 2–3 hours. Of the three main compounds present, only [[Routes of administration|oral]] use [[bufotenin]] lasts 2–3 hours. The beans have been found to contain up to only 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.16% DMT.<ref name="Ott" /> This suggests that they play only a minor role (if any) in the experience, as psychoactive levels of either substance would require an impractical amount of beans to be used.
 For this reason, the effects of yopo are primarily attributed to the hallucinogenic properties of [[bufotenin]] ('''5-HO-DMT''').
 ==External links==
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadenanthera_peregrina ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://erowid.org/plants/anadenanthera/anadenanthera.shtml ''Anadenanthera'' spp. (Erowid)]
 ==References==
-<references/>
+<references />
 [[Category:Fabaceae (family)]]